Workshop on Metropolitan regions

OECD 27 November 2006

Larger Urban Zones

in the Urban Audit

Torbioern.Carlquist@ec.europa.eu
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Chapter 1

Introduction
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Spatial units in Urban Audit

z City, Larger Urban Zone (LUZ), Kernel, Sub-City

District (SCD)
z Around 300 European cities with > 50,000
z Focus on LUZ in this presentation
z Revision of LUZ in 2006
z Presentation of the methodological work in the
revision process
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Larger Urban Zones

z Ideally, identical to Functional Urban Area

z But: important that statistical data is available
z Compromise in 2003: use existing administrative
or statistical unit, like NUTS 3 regions
z Result: Some LUZ are too large and not very
useful
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Chapter 2

Building blocks
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OECD 27 November 2006

Core city

z Starting point: use ”city” of Urban Audit

z City is normally = 1 municipality
z France: co-operation units consisting of
several communes
z Test with GEMACA* criterion:
contiguous municipalities with >7 jobs
per hectare
z * Group for European Metropolitan Areas Comparative Analysis, second project
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Surrounding area

z For LUZ it was allowed to use NUTS 3,

LAU 1, LAU 2 as building block
z From geographical point of view, it is
preferable to use small building blocks
z If the building blocks are very small (like
UK wards), the commuting picture is
blurred and results in many non-
contiguous fields
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Chapter 3

Commuting fields
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Commuting Field criteria

z For each residential LAU around a city:

z Commuting ratio = commuters to core / residents
employed
z Applied thresholds for commuting fields:
– 20 % (narrower commuting field)
– 15 % (wider commuting field)
z Sum up population within commuting field
z Compare with population of the original LUZ
z Allow +- 50% difference commuting field - LUZ
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Commuting Field calculations

Type of target area Commuting/ Commuting/

where residents residents
commuters work employed > 20% employed > 15%
Done for all UA Done for all UA
Core city cities where cities where
(1 municipality) commuting data commuting data
are available are available

Core area Experimental Experimental

(GEMACA def.) calculations calculations

In France:
communauté Done by INSEE Done by INSEE
urbaine
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Commuting Field 2001 - Verona

Labour Market Area (SLL) new LUZ

Commuting intensity to core city
VERONA 15% - 20%
20% - 25%
25% - 30%
>30%
Central city
Municipality map
Lake
Municipality
Sea
Unknown

W E
7 0 7 14 Kilometers
S
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Commuting Fields 2001 - Bologna & Modena

MODENA
NUTS 3 / LUZ 2003 boundary
Commuting intensity to core city
15% - 20%
BOLOGNA 20% - 25%
25% - 30%
>30%
Central city
Municipality map
Lake
Municipality
Sea
Unknown

W E
10 0 10 20 Kilometers
S
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Commuting Field around Barcelona 2001

NUTS 3 and old LUZ boundary

Commuting intensity to core city
15% - 20%
20% - 25%
25% - 30%
>30%
Central city

Municipality map
Lake
Municipality
Sea
Unknown
BARCELONA

HOSPITALET DE LLOBRE GA T (L)

W E
6 0 6 12 18 24 30 Kilometers
S
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Commuting Field around Santiago de Compostela 2001

NUTS 3 and old LUZ boundary

Commuting intensity to core city
15% - 20%
20% - 25%
25% - 30%
>30%
Central city

Municipality map
Lake
SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA
Municipality
Sea
Unknown

W E
5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Kilometers
S
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Commuting Field around Las Palmas 2001

NUTS 3 and old LUZ boundary

Commuting intensity to core city
15% - 20%
PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA (LAS) 20% - 25%
25% - 30%
>30%
Central city

Municipality map
Lake
Municipality
Sea
Unknown

W E
4 0 4 8 12 16 20 Kilometers
S
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Commuting fields around Patras 2001

Commuting to target city (LAU 1)
Percent of working population in
residence area

ERINEOS

RIO

PATRA
NUTS 3 and old LUZ boundary
PARALIA Commuting intensity to core city
MESSATIDA LEONTIO
15% - 20%
VRACHNEIKA 20% - 25%
25% - 30%
>30%
FARRES Core city

Municipality map
Lake
TRITEA Municipality
KALENTZI Sea
Unknown

W E
8 0 8 16 Kilometers
S
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Chapter 4

Alternative core
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Experiments with core area

z Tested the GEMACA definition

z At least 7 jobs per hectare in each LAU
of the contiguous core area
z Calculate commuting fields around the
extended core area
z Experiments done for a few large cities
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Milan Core Area 2001

COMO

GALLARATE

NUTS 3NUTS boundary

Day population density per sq km
700 - 1000
1000 - 2000
MILANO 2000 - 3750
Municipality map
Lake
Municipality
Sea
Unknown

W E
8 0 8 16 Kilometers
S
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Rome Core Area 2001

ROMA NUTS 3NUTS boundary

Day population density per sq km
700 - 1000
1000 - 2000
2000 - 3750
Municipality map
Lake
Municipality
Sea
Unknown

W E
8 0 8 16 Kilometers
S
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Barcelona Core Area 2001

NUTS 3 boundary
Day population per sq km
700 - 1000
1000 - 2000
2000 - 7786.09
Municipality map
Lake
Municipality
BARCELONA Sea
Unknown

W E
4 0 4 8 12 16 20 Kilometers
S
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Madrid Core Area 2001

ALCOBENDAS
NUTS 3 boundary
Day population per sq km
700 - 1000
MADRID
TORREJON DE ARDOZ 1000 - 2000
> 2000
ALCORCON Municipality map
MOSTOLES Lake
LEGANES
Municipality
Sea
FUENLABRADA
Unknown

W E
4 0 4 8 12 16 20 Kilometers
S
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Athens Core Area 2001

Density of Working Day Population

Jobs per sq. km.

NUTS 3 boundary
Day population density per sq km
700 - 1000
1000 - 2000
2000 - 30000
Municipality map
Lake
ATHENS Municipality
Sea
Unknown

W E
7 0 7 14 Kilometers
S
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Core Area 2001

ZAANSTAD

HAARLEM AMSTERDAM NUTS 3 boundary

ALMERE Day population per sq.km
700 - 1000
HAARLEMMERMEER
1000 - 2000
2000 - 30000
Muncipality map
Lake
HILVERSUM
Municipality
LEIDEN
AMERSFOORT Sea
Unknown
E
UTRECHT
N

FT
W E
8 0 8 16 Kilometers
S
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Core Area 2001

LEIDEN

S-GRAVENHAGE

NUTS 3 boundary
DELFT
Day population per sq.km
700 - 1000
1000 - 2000
ROTTERDAM
2000 - 30000
Muncipality map
Lake
Municipality
Sea
Unknown

W E
8 0 8 16 Kilometers
S
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Core Area 2001

Bietigheim-Bissingen

Ludwigsburg
Pforzheim
NUTS 3 boundary
Day population per sq km
500 - 680
Stuttgart 680 - 699
Esslingen am Neckar 700 - 1000
Sindelfingen 1000 - 2000
2000 - 30000
Muncipality map
Lake
Municipality
Sea
Unknown
Reutlingen
N

W E
8 0 8 16 Kilometers
S
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Commuting field around core area

z One example of an under-bound city

(Copenhagen)
z First map: commuting field calculated
for the single city of Copenhagen
z Second map: commuting field
calculated for the combined core area
where all municipalities have at least 7
jobs per hectare
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Commuting field around Copenhagen Core City 2001

HELSINGOER

NUTS 3 boundary
Commuting intensity to core
KOEBENHAVN
15% - 20%
20% - 25%
ROSKILDE
25% - 30%
>30%
Core city
Muncipality map
KOEGE
Lake
Municipality
Sea
Unknown

W E
20 0 20 40 Kilometers
S
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Commuting field around Copenhagen Core Area 2001

HELSINGOER

NUTS 3 boundary
KOEBENHAVN Commuting intensity to core
15% - 20%
ROSKILDE
20% - 25%
25% - 30%
>30%
Core area (>7 jobs/hectare)
KOEGE Muncipality map
Lake
Municipality
Sea
Unknown

W E
20 0 20 40 Kilometers
S
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Indicators for 2 alt. commuting fields

Population in LUZ /
Urban Audit code and Population in Commuting Commut
label for LUZ Population in field Field
Period 4
Larger Urban Zone (2000/2001) target (core) 20% 15% 20% 15%

DK001L – København
(core city) 1 806 667 499 148 1 147 056 1 413 012 158% 128%

DK001L – København
(core area with > 7 jobs
per hectare) 1 806 667 1 014 240 1 737 923 1 854 123 104% 97%
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Chapter 5

Conclusion
Workshop on Metropolitan regions
OECD 27 November 2006

Revising the LUZ

z The experiments with commuting fields

have led to improved LUZ in 2006
z ES, GR, IT, NL agreed to revise the
LUZ of their cities in the Urban Audit
z Denmark is waiting for new NUTS 3 to
be approved in connection with a
regional reform
Thanks for listening !

Any Questions
?