Final Research Paper

SLEEP DEPRIVATION: ITS’ CAUSES AND EFFECTS TO THE
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE SENIOR

HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERSF
J’HAN PERL YLOIZAGERALLA BALLESTEROS

LYSSA ANTONETTE KWAN LIM
JOHANN CANONIGO GOMID
TONY ROSE MIOLE PADAL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

(STEM STRAND)
MAY 2022
HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS
An
Undergraduate Research Proposal
Presented to
The Faculty of the Senior High School Department
Christ the King College de Maranding, Incorporation
Maranding, Lala, Lanao, del Norte, Philippines
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement for Senior High School Curriculum
(STEM STRAND)
by
J’HAN PERL YLOIZA GERALLA BALLESTEROS
LYSSA ANTONETTE KWAN LIM
JOHANN CANONIGO GOMID
TONY ROSE MIOLE PADAL
May 2022
i
Christ the King College de
Maranding,Inc
Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte 9211 PHILIPPINES
APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Senior High School
Curriculum, this undergraduate thesis proposal entitled “SLEEP
DEPRIVATION: ITS’ CAUSES AND EFFECTS TO THE ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE OF THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS”
prepared and submitted by, J’HAN PERL YLOIZA G. BALLESTEROS,
LYSSA ANTONETTE K. LIM, TONY ROSE M. PADAL, JOHANN C.
GOMID has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and
approval for oral examinations.
SR. MA. HAZEL A. MEJORADA, MSOLTC, RGC

Thesis Adviser
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Senior High
School curriculum with a grade of ________.
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
MARIA ESPERANZA A. MACASAARTE, PhD.

Chairman
SR. MA. HAZEL A. MEJORADA, MSOLTC, RGC JAY MAR R. PAJENTE,MM-

EM Member Member
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the for the requirements for Practical
Research of Grade 11 Senior High School Curriculum.
MR. JAY MAR R. PAJENTE, MM-EM
ii
High School Principal
DEDICATION
This research study is the outcome of extensive effort and hard
work. First, we researchers would like to thank the Almighty God who has
endowed us with his kindness and blessings in our daily lives. He has
provided us with the knowledge, time, and guidance to achieve this study.
We would also like to thank our parents and guardians, who uplifted us to
do everything with passion and commitment, and to our comrades and
instructors, who stepped in to aid us out when we were having trouble with
our work. This research would not have been possible without their
affection and support.
JPYGB
LYKL
TRMP
JCG
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research becomes reality with the great support and assistance
of many individuals. The researchers would like to express their sincere
gratitude to each one of them.
To the Panel of Experts, To Dr. Maria Esperanza S. Macasarte, To
Mr. Jaymar R. Pajente, and Sr. Ma. Hazel A. Mejorada, the researchers,
truly salute the expertise surmount what seems to be an uphill task. Thank
you for your suggestion and encouragement, allowing us to get the
necessary information we need to make this study possible.
To our beloved parents; for their spiritual support as well as their
financial assistance. Without them, none of this would indeed be possible.
Our sense of gratitude to all of you for staying on our side in this
journey of achieving our dreams; and most of all, to Almighty God, for the
teaching, strength, and perseverance that he had given up on us while
conducting our study.
JPYGB
LYKL
TRMP
JCG
iv
ABSTRACT
Title: SLEEP DEPRIVATION: ITS CAUSES AND EFFECTS TO THE

No. of pages -
Researchers - J’HAN PERL YLOIZA G. BALLESTEROS
LYSSA ANTONETTE K. LIM
TONY ROSE M. PADAL
JOHANN C. GOMID
Adviser - SR, MA. HAZEL A. MEJORADA, MSOLTC, RGC
School - Christ the King College de Maranding
Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte
Strand - STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering And
Mathematics)
Year Completed -- 2022 - 2023
Type of Publication - Unpublished
Keywords - sleep deprivation, learners, academic
performance, senior high school
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE TITLE PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Introduction 1
vi 10
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Schematic Diagram
Statement of the Problem
Hypotheses
Scope and Limitation
Significance
Definition of Terms
2 REVIEWS OF RELATED LITERATURE
Related Literatures
Related Studies
Insights Learned of the Related Literature and Studies
Local Studies
Foreign Studies
3 RESEARCH METHODS
Research Design
Research Environment
Data Gathering Procedures
Research Instruments and Their Validity
Statistical Treatment
4 RESULT AND ANALYSIS
vii
Part I – Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Part II – Cause of Sleep Deprivation
Part III – Effects of Sleep Deprivation
Part IV – Senior High School Learners Academic
Performance ( GPA)
Part V – Awareness Program
5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIOND AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
A. Letter for the School President
B. Letter for the Executive Vice President
C. Letter for the Vice President for Research Extension and
Development
D. Letter for the Vice President for Academic Affairs
E. Letter for the School Principal
F. Letter for the Adviser
G. Letter for the Respondents
H. Survey Questionnaires
I. Landmarks
viii
J. Documentations
CURRICULUM VITAE
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE
1 Scoring Plan
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES TITLE PAGE
A Schematic Paradigm
B Locale of the Study
x
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Humans' well-being could be negatively afflicted for copious
reasons, with sleep deprivation being most prominent. Sleep is a requisite
for human health; sufficient sleep is indispensable for explicit functionality,
requiring adults to have a standard of eight hours of sleep per night. When
an ample amount of sleep is not regulated, sleep deprivation ensues.
Deficient sleep frequently leads to inadequate intellect, negatively affecting
wellness and well-being. Sleep deprivation affects diverse facets of
intellectual and psychological functioning; minor alterations in sleep span
may result in learners' cognitive and behavioral deficiencies. Sleep is
paramount for learners' mental restoration; they need to have at least eight
hours a night to fully obtain the full cognitive function to do their academic
studies sufficiently. It impacts how knowledge is acquired, how they study,
and how they retain their memory. The occurrence of sleep deprivation is
pervasive among senior high school students as senior high school
students spend multiple restless nights. Due to overburdened academics,
work duties, and mental health concerns, they tend to "kill their sleep" by
doing certain activities and using substances to remain open-eyed. Lack of
sleep can lead to unproductivity and more significant distress in learners.
Poor sleep could substantially influence a person's physiological health,
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emotional well-being, and academic performance over time. Therefore, this
research strives to scrutinize and determine how sleep deprivation affects
learners' health and academic performance.
The implication of this study is sleep-deprived students tend to have
a negative attitude, weariness, fatigue, and lessened alertness and
performance. Dependence on electronics, anxiety, work responsibilities,
and other medical issues are all factors that contribute to sleep deprivation
among students. Furthermore, there are numerous alternatives for
preventing sleep deprivation among senior high school students. This
study aims to provide an effective strategy on how a student may sleep
adequately and stay motivated in their academic performance; sleep
deprivation is an epidemic occurring in students that can and must be
addressed.
Based on Kathleen, (2018), Sleep deprivation occurs when
individuals get less sleep than they need to feel awake and alert. People
vary in how little sleep is needed to be considered sleep deprived. Some
people, such as older adults, seem to be more resistant to sleep
deprivation, while others, especially children and young adults, are more
vulnerable.
According to Maheshwari and Shaukat, (2019), Most young adults
sleep less than the advised quantity of time. The connection
2
between sleep deprivation and stress is like a chain reaction. Distressed
and insufficient sleep leads to critique impairment, agitation, irritability, and
inability to process knowledge in the short term. It can contribute to
cardiometabolic disorders and even increased mortality in a long time.
Psychological stressors sometimes cause sleep problems, and these
psychosocial stressors lead to sleep inadequacy.
According to Kang and Chen, (2009), In young people, an
inconsistent nighttime routine is a frequent issue that can have a negative
impact on sleep quality. According to their findings, students with irregular
bedtimes had poor sleep quality even after adjusting for sleep time. They
discovered that students who slept infrequently also had a short average
sleep time per day, perhaps putting them at risk of sleep deprivation.
The primary objective of this research is to help students be aware
of Sleep Deprivation. Sleep Deprivation is commonly experienced by
students who were affected by the pandemic. They were maybe aware of
the impact and effect of Sleep Deprivation on their health and class
performance. As they go deeper into this study, this becomes a tool to help
students understand what Sleep Deprivation is. Concerning the identified
problem of Sleep Deprivation, it is vital to comprehend a call for sufficient
good sleep.
3
Sleep deprivation is terrible for everyone's health. It is incredibly
awful for students, particularly in senior high school in Christ the King
College de Maranding in Academic Year 2022. They have been badly
affected because of this circumstance. In this research, the researchers
investigate different references and explore in-depth information to have
possible solutions to their following problems. They will try to have enough
time to analyze and observe well to find a solution and easy to collect data.
Since the researchers are the senior high school students in this
institution, they will carry out this study to warn students about the dangers
of sleep deprivation. The researchers will demonstrate their capability to
conduct credible research because they quoted the most dependable
sources they could locate. The researchers will solely utilize a well-
grounded and factual basis and gather more credible sources to
demonstrate the importance of their research to students. The resources
and credible references were obtained on the internet, which they
scrutinized thoroughly. They will simplify it for the students to comprehend
because the researchers will offer you correct information. They are
assured in their knowledge to fulfill the study due to a mixture of their skills
and abilities and their unity among themselves, which will place them
asunder from the others. They can admit that they are credible and
trustworthy adequately to manage this study.
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Theoretical Framework
This chapter presents different theories as theoretical foundations to
support the ideologies of this research paper. This will also strengthen the
objectives and primary purpose of this study to make it more prominent.
These theories are the following: Restoration Theory by Oswald, (1966),
Hibernation Theory by Webb, (1974), and Brain Plasticity Theory by
James, (1890). The theories they gathered are conducted to give a broad
explanation of this study. It will introduce information that is associated with
this matter.
Restoration Theory by Oswald, (1966) is a theory that discusses
sleep. It stated and explained the essence of sleep to a human being. In
accordance with the theory, sleep functioned by restoring the vitality of our
human body and the vitality of our brain. Oswald claims the aims of two
types of sleep: the NREM and REM. As he started his theory, REM
functioned by replenishing the proper process of our brain and renewing it
through the process of protein synthesis. This discussion justified the
ideology of this research that sleep deprivation is a welfare and mental
concern.
5
Hibernation Theory by Webb, (1974) is part of the evolutionary
theories of sleep. This theory discusses the impact of sleep on a human’s
body and behavior. According to it, sleep evolved because it was forced to
conserve energy. He claims that during sleep, behavioral activities are not
performed; therefore, the energy of movement is spent less. This
statement supports the claim of this study that sleep-deprived students are
drained. Since they spent their time doing homework at night, they also
spent too much energy of movement that can utterly drain them and make
them fragile.
Brain Plasticity Theory by James, (1890) is a psychological theory. It
explained that neuroplasticity response to learning and experience is
through changes and adaptation in the structure and function of the brain’s
capacity. In accordance with this theory, traditionally associated with
changes in childhood, recent research indicates that mature brains
continue to show plasticity due to learning. This ideology is said to be
associated with the explication of our study. Sleeping is a way of facilitating
neural plasticity; therefore, it could help young people adapt to their
environment and learn conveniently. Hence, it suggested that in order for
students to improve their learning capacity and academic performance, it is
preferable not to be sleep-deprived.
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Conceptual Framework
People lives during the pandemic had utterly changed, particularly
the young ones. Students are in a new normal situation where they face
gadgets to learn instead of listening to their perspective teacher without
facing their phones or laptops. Hence, they cannot utterly comprehend and
might feel pressure. It drives them to do their tasks eager and without
proper time management. There are also productive tasks in their
household that they should do, depriving their time and sleep. Since this
situation is new for them, students are certainly still children, and it is
unhealthy for them to have insufficient sleep at a young age. It is a struggle
for them to cope-up, which would negatively impact their academic
performances.
As a schematic diagram, Figure A will show the illustration of the
interplay of the dependent and independent variables and the output of the
study. The independent variables will show the profile of the respondents:
Which obtain the age, gender, grade level, and economic status of the
respondents. Also, in the following column, they have the dependent
variable, mainly focusing on senior high school students’ academic
performance. Moreover, lastly, the output of the study, which they intend to
employ in awareness programs to educate and give awareness to both
students who have experienced sleep deprivation and those who have not.
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Independent Variables
1. Demographic
Profile of
Respondents
1.1. age
1.2. gender
1.3. year level
1.4. parents’
occupation
2. Causes of Sleep
Deprivation
2.1. exposure of
gadgets
2.2. mental
health
issues
2.3. work
obligations
3. Effects of Sleep
Deprivation
3.1. psychological
risk
3.2. physiological
health
3.3. social
interaction
8
Dependent Variables Output
Senior High School Awareness

learners’ Academic Program
Performance (GPA)
Figure 1: The Schematic Paradigm
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Statement of the Problem
This study aims to ascertain the cognizance and identify the impact of
sleep deprivation on the academic performance of senior high school
students. Primarily, this will aim to answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of;
1.1. age;
1.2. gender;
1.3. year level; and
1.4. parents’ occupation?
2. What is the causes of sleep deprivation in terms of;
2.1. exposure to gadgets;
2.2. mental health issues; and
2.3. work obligations?
3. What is the effects of sleep deprivation in terms of;
3.1. psychological risk;
3.2. physiological health; and
3.3. social interaction?
4. What is senior high school learners’ academic performance?
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5. Is there a significant relationship between the demographic profiles of
the respondents to the senior high school learners’ academic
performance?
6. Is there a significant relationship between the causes of sleep
deprivations to the senior high school learners’ academic performance?
7. Is there a significant relationship between the effects of sleep
deprivation to the senior high school learners?
8. What is the possible awareness program will be drawn based on the
results of the study?
Hypotheses
Hypotheses in null forms will be formulated and imperially evaluated
significantly.
Ho1. There is no significant relationship between the demographic
profiles of the respondents to the senior high school learners’ academic
performance.
Ho2. There is no significant relationship between the causes of
sleep deprivations to the senior high school learners’ academic
performance.
Ho3. There is no significant relationship between the effects of sleep
deprivation to the senior high school learners.
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Scope and Limitation
The researchers will analyze the cause and effect of sleep
deprivation among students who are sleep deprived. This study will also
focus on its impact on the academic performance of senior high school
students. The subject of this study will be the Senior High School learners
in Christ the King College de Maranding, Inc. Maranding, Lala, Lanao del
Norte. The researchers will use random sampling of selected respondents
with a maximum of 150. The data gathering instrument utilized will be an
adopted questionnaire to the Senior High School learners. This study will
start during the 2nd semester of the school year 2022-2023 so that there is
enough time for the researchers to observe and analyze well.
Significance of the study
The information from this study will have such a great value to the
students. It will provide information on how sleep deprivation could affect
their academic performance. The study of the cause and effect of sleep
deprivation could help the students improve their academic performance
and mental health.
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This study is beneficial to the following:
School Administration. This study will raise awareness to all the
teachers that communication with their students is necessary. Hence,
teachers will understand the situation of their students.
Teachers. This study acts as an eye-opener to teachers who are
oblivious of the extent of sleep deprivation among students and teachers.
This will also guide the teacher to determine why some students are sleep
deprived, remind their students how vital sleep is, and develop and learn
how to prevent sleep deprivation.
Students. The knowledge attained in this study will enable the
students to be mindful of how sleep deprivation influences their behavior in
terms of educational excellence. This will make them better comprehend
how to evade sleep deprivation and help them improve themselves, which
can enhance their health and academic performance.
Parents. Parents will also benefit from this, seeing the necessity to
teach and discipline their children. This study will allow parents to
comprehend how sleep deprivation might impair their children's academic
performance. They will apprehend the essential to provide complete
parental monitoring to their child, which can help their children improve
their academic performance and excellence.
13
Future researchers. The study findings will be used as reference
material and a guide for future researchers who intend to undertake similar
studies on the impact of sleep deprivation on students' academic
performance.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined operationally and conceptually based
on how they were utilized and how they will be used in the study to
comprehend the multiple concepts employed in this research. Primarily, this
will aim to give the definition of terms:
Academic performance. In this study, it portrays as the
measurement of student achievement across various academic subjects.
Academic. As a result of this research, it construes to has
something to do with education and scholarship.
Deprivation. In this study, it relates to the inability to refuse anything
deemed necessary.
Exposure of gadgets. As an outcome of this research, it takes to
mean excessive exposure to an electronic device or tool.
Health. As a culmination of this research, it explicates the absence
of disease or disability but a condition of total bodily, mental, and social
well-being.
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Mental health issues. As the denouement of this study, it points to
the disorders that affect your mood, thinking, and behavior.
Performance. In this research, it elucidates to a play, concert, or
another type of staged or presented entertainment.
Physiological health. In this study, it points out that it is an active
process involving distinct adaptation mechanisms coordinating interactions
between all physiological systems of an organism.
Psychological risk. As the completion of this research, it explains
the possibility for psychological injury to occur when exposed to a hazard.
Sleep. As a result of this study, it defines a bodily and mental state
where the nervous system is generally inert and occurs for many hours
every night.
Social interaction. As an aftermath of this research, it expounds as
an exchange between two or more individuals and is a building block of
society.
Students. As a conclusion of this research, it depicts a student
enrolled in a school or college.
Work obligations. In this study, it conveys about the minimum work
and expenditure requirements from time to time being conditions of grant
of the Permit
15
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter Is one of the steps needed in the research process. It
covered the associated literature and the study of Sleep deprivation: Its
causes and effects on the academic performance of Senior high school
learners. This chapter is divided into two sections: Related literature and
related studies.
Related Literature
Sleep quality ensures better social interaction, physiological and
psychological well-being. Nonetheless, environmental, and behavioral
factors also play a role in sleep hygiene. Lack of sleep directly affects how
we think and feel. While the short-term impacts are more noticeable,
chronic sleep deprivation can heighten the long-term risk of social,
physical, and mental health problems. (Eric Suni, Staff Writer, 2021)
Multiple factors can cause or contribute to sleep deprivation, affecting
students' health and afflicting their academic performance.
Exposure of Gadgets
Electronic gadgets have become an indispensable aspect of
people's lives due to their ease of use and facilitating daily living tasks. On
the other hand, electronic devices can harm a students' health and
academic performance if not utilized in moderation—students who use
16
gadgets before bed increase the time it takes them to fall asleep. (Sultan
Qanash, MD, 2021) Additionally, students who use these devices at night
frequently do not obtain high-quality sleep and are more likely to feel
exhausted the next day. Electronic back-lit devices like cell phones,
tablets, readers, and computers emit short-wavelength enriched light, also
known as blue light, which has been shown to reduce or delay the natural
production of melatonin in the evening and decrease feelings of sleepiness
that cause sleep deprivation. (Pacheco, 2020)
Mental Health Issues
Sleep and mental health are closely connected. Sleep deprivation
affects a human's psychological state and mental health. Moreover, those
with mental health problems are more likely to have insomnia or other
sleep disorders. (Harvard health publishing, 2021) Some psychiatric
conditions can cause sleep problems, and sleep disturbances can also
exacerbate many mental illnesses, affecting one's sleep. Mental health
problems can affect individuals' sleep in different ways. Anxiety can cause
their thoughts to race, making it hard to sleep. Depression can lead to
oversleeping: sleeping late or sleeping a lot during the day. It can also
cause insomnia if they have troubling thoughts. Post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) can cause nightmares or night terrors. These may wake
them up and make them feel anxious about falling asleep. Mania can make
them feel satisfied or energetic, so they might not feel tired or want to
17
sleep. Sleep-deprived people may also have racing thoughts that make it
hard to sleep. (Suni, 2021)
Work Obligations
Many students have problems getting adequate sleep; this is a
significant concern since inadequate sleep correlates to poor cognitive
function, academic accomplishment, and physical and emotional health.
Social and work responsibilities frequently grow during adolescence and
compete for students' time. As a result, many students do not get enough
sleep. Students often cite work obligations as a hindrance to getting
enough sleep on school evenings. Previous research has found that
teenagers who spend more time working have later bedtimes and shorter
nocturnal sleep. (Yeo, et al. 2020) Students generally have so much work
that they do not have enough time to do everything they need to do that
day. So, sleeping is often the first thing teens eliminate from their
schedule. Too much work can result in a lack of sleep, headaches,
exhaustion, and weight loss, which increases the likelihood teens will
suffer myriad negative consequences, including an inability to concentrate,
poor grades, drowsy-driving incidents, anxiety, depression, thoughts of
suicide, and even suicide attempts. This shows that work obligations
significantly affect students mentally and physically, threatening their
health, safety, and academic success. (Amabile,2021)
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Psychological Risk
Sleep deprivation is a significant matter, and there are several
negative repercussions. Mood changes are among the most severe
psychological consequences of sleep loss. When a person does not get
enough sleep, they are more prone to become emotionally unstable, quick-
tempered, and suffer from anxiety or melancholy. Memory problems are
also a result of sleep loss that can affect how a person performs at work,
home, and school. This effect happens when the brain analyzes
connections to aid in memory recall during sleeping, impacting both short-
term and long-term memory. (Thru 2017) Because sleep and mental health
are intertwined biological cycles, sleep restriction can have a psychological
impact, leading to bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, ADHD, and
depression. Insomnia can lead to sleep-related problems, which raises the
chance of developing depression. Depression, in turn, can lead to suicide
ideation and decreased response. ADHD is another profound side effect of
sleep loss (Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder). Sleeping problems are
common in ADHD, resulting in shorter sleep cycles, trouble falling asleep,
and restless sleep. ADHD people might become inattentive, hyperactive,
and emotionally unstable. (PILLAI, 2019)
19
Physiological Health
The body needs sleep, just as it needs air and food to function at its
best. Without enough sleep, the human brain and body systems will not
function normally, dramatically lowering the quality of life. (Watson and
Cherney, 2021) Sleep deprivation is a severe matter, and there are many
concerning consequences. These consequences go far beyond simply
feeling tired during the day. (Thru, 221) There are also numerous physical
symptoms of sleep deprivation, such as high blood pressure. Sleep
deprivation increases a person's risk for heart disease because of
increased blood pressure and bodily inflammation. The immune system is
not immune to sleep deprivation effects, and not getting enough sleep can
lead to increased disease risks. When sleep-deprived, the body is deprived
of the time to repair itself and fight infections. They can also be at a greater
risk for chronic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and heart disease.
Among the many side effects of sleep deprivation is weight gain. When a
person is sleep-deprived, they tend to crave much unhealthy food. At the
same time, they are tired and sleep-deprived; they are more likely to
overeat unhealthy foods becoming overweight. (Thru, 221)
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Social Interaction
The humans are a social species. Nevertheless, sleep deprivation
can turn them into a social leper. Poor sleep triggers loneliness and social
rejection. People feel lonelier and less inclined to engage with others,
avoiding close contact much like people with social anxiety. The less sleep
a person gets, the less they want to interact socially. Without sufficient
sleep, people become a social turn-off, and loneliness soon kicks in.
(Yasmin Anwar,2018). The reason is that the brain has difficulties reading
facial expressions and interprets most faces as threatening. (Moore, 2017)
To effectively interact with others, they need to read their emotional facial
expressions accurately. However, sleep-deprived people have a lot more
difficulty doing this. After a sleepless night, people were less accurate at
judging others' emotions. (Ludden, 2017) These individuals are less likely
to engage in conversations with others and be very irritable. (Moore, 2017)
When people have slept poorly the night before, there is more conflict in
the relationship and problem solving the next day. This is because people
have less empathy when they are sleep-deprived, and they are less likely
to engage in effective conflict resolution. The impact of sleep deprivation
on physical and mental health has long been understood. Now people
know it can damage our social relations as well. (Ludden, 2017)
21
Related Studies
Exposure of Gadgets
Initially, mobile phones were used only as a communication tool;
today, mobile phones function as portable computers that serve people
with music, games, the Internet, video cameras, calculators, alarm clocks,
and other perceived benefits. Due to these countless perks, mobile phones
are increasingly adopted and used by teenagers. Unfortunately,
technology has some negative impacts also. Excessive and inappropriate
use of gadgets presents many deleterious effects. The usage of phones
during lectures causes disturbances in classrooms affecting students'
academic performances and impaired concentration, and this may also
affect sleep disturbances owing to nighttime use. Almost all students
primarily use their phones in the evening or at night. There is no safe
amount or safe time to use a cell phone after lights out; even moderate use
doubles the risk of long-term tiredness, as there is significant correlation
was found between nighttime use of mobile phones and difficulty in waking
up, the decline in study habits and grades, decreased concentration, and
increased frequency of missed classes. It can be interpreted that many
students may be sacrificing their academic position, sleep and physical
health, and other aspects of life only to ensure that they do not miss a call,
text message, or social networking post. Many students use mobile
22
phones excessively and inappropriately and prefer it over their health and
academics. (Gupta, 2015)
It has long been acknowledged that sleep problems are common
among mental health issues. Different mental issues affect sleep quality,
leading to sleep deprivation. People with Major Depressive Disorder have
experienced sleep difficulty, including trouble falling asleep, challenges
staying asleep, insufficient sleep quality, nightmares, and daytime
sleepiness. For the manic phase of bipolar disorder, changes in sleep are
nearly universal among those with bipolar mania. The nature of the sleep
problem in this condition is decreased need for rest and an alteration in
sleep; it is a condition where an individual can reduce their sleep time
without impairment in function or quality of life. As with MDD and bipolar
disorder, a change in sleep is among the core features of Generalized
Anxiety Disorder. In this case, this alteration is a disturbance of sleep
(difficulty falling or staying asleep); they tend to have longer sleep onset
latency, a more significant number of arousals, and more incredible wake
time during the night. Sleep problems are also among people who have
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. In this case, the sleep difficulties include
distressing dreams and problems falling or staying asleep. Accordingly,
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complaints of sleep difficulties are ubiquitous among those with mental
health issues. (Krystal, 2013)
Work Obligations
Sleep is one key aspect for students to balance studying, working
successfully, and health wellness. The impact of work obligations for
students on sleep has received attention in recent years. Poor sleep has
been associated with absenteeism, accidents, and various diseases. The
researchers summarized the causes and consequences of sleep
problems, including class and work obligations, sleep disorders, and bad
habits. Therefore, these sleep problems may harm students' mood and
academic performance. It is common for students to have work obligations
while simultaneously attending school. However, it can be challenging for
students to maintain the delicate balance of study, work, and sleep.
Students may sacrifice sleep time to work and study; work pressures and
examinations may impact sleep quality and quantity. Getting quality sleep
can be beneficial for students' learning and memory abilities, and in turn, it
may benefit their studies and work performance. A better understanding of
sleep will help academic administrators increase awareness of coping
strategies. In turn, students may be encouraged to balance their time spent
studying, working, and sleeping instead of sacrificing one in favor of
another. (Chiang, et al. 2020)
24
Psychological Risk
In children and teens, sleep also helps support their growth and
development. Nevertheless, many individuals, including students, suffer
from sleep deprivation. The most common causes of sleep deprivation are
contemporary lifestyle and work-related factors. Researchers and doctors
have repeatedly seen the link between sleep deprivation and mental
health. The more person experiences sleep deprivation and the more
frequently they wake at night, the higher the chances of developing mental
health issues. Students are known for their variable sleep schedules. Such
schedules are associated with poor sleep hygiene. They are noted for
obtaining insufficient sleep during the week and sleeping long hours during
the weekend. Lack of sleep may lead to many negative consequences,
such as decreased mental health, mood swings, irritability, concentration
problems, anxiety, and depression. Students, who are in psychological
distress and have poor mental health, like anxiety, may receive a lower
grade on academic activities, lower academic self‐efficacy, and less
effective time management. It also affects their memory, which is essential
to learning. Sleep-deprived students cannot pay attention in their class
lectures, forget their essential tasks, and get slow in work. It causes
irritability and anger and may lessen their ability to cope with stress. All
25
these impacts lead them to poor mental health and more significant
anxiety. (Islam, 2013)
Normal healthy sleep is characterized by sufficient duration, good
quality, appropriate timing and regularity, and the absence of sleep
disturbances and disorders. Despite the importance of sleep, Numerous
factors contribute to sleep disruption. Sleep disruptions have substantial
adverse short- and long-term health consequences. Short-term
consequences of sleep disruption include increased stress responsivity,
bodily pain, reduced quality of life, emotional distress and mood disorders,
and cognitive, memory, and performance deficits. Otherwise, long-term
consequences of sleep disruption include hypertension, dyslipidemia,
cardiovascular disease, weight-related issues, metabolic syndrome, type 2
diabetes mellitus, and colorectal cancer. Disrupted sleep has been
associated with weight gain and other weight-related issues in adults and
adolescents. It primarily affects energy metabolism by impairing insulin
sensitivity and increasing food intake. Higher sleep disturbance is
associated with higher cholesterol, higher body mass index (BMI), higher
systolic B.P., and an increased risk of hypertension. The effects of sleep
disruption on appetite, glucose metabolism, and diabetes risk are critical to
26
understanding the epidemic of obesity and metabolic disease. (Medic, et
al. 2017)
Social Interaction
Sleep problems are increasingly being recognized as a public health
epidemic. Researchers increasingly recognize the links between sleep and
social interaction. Inadequate sleep affects one's social interaction, which
may affect their social life. Sleep is related to negative interpersonal
processes. Individuals who have worse sleeping experience relationship
conflict, associated with more significant quarrels the following day.
Sleeping poorly the previous night was associated with less emphatic
accuracy, a lower ratio of positive to negative affect, and lower conflict
resolution. In this vein, depriving people leads to behaviors associated with
social withdrawal, such as maintaining greater physical distance from
others. Sleep is related to negative social behaviors outside of close
relationships as well. After partial sleep deprivation, people showed
amplified angry responses. Research suggests that sleep problems may
perpetuate reactive aggression and violence as they feel tired, and if they
are provoked, they potentially respond in aggression and violence. Also, it
plays a role in how people perceive others. Sleep-deprived individuals are
less accurate and identify emotions rather than when they are well-rested.
Together, these studies highlight the possibility that sleep disruption and
27
negative social behaviors, such as anger, aggression, and rejection,
mutually amplify each other. When people sleep poorly, they are less
satisfied with their relationships, more aggressive, and to name a few
social consequences. (Gordon, et al. 2017)
Insights Learned from Review of Related Literature and Studies
People have been through a lot in the midst of a pandemic,
especially students struggling to cope with the situation, which is online
learning. They are required to adjust their routine and handle their time.
However, there is also a hindrance to properly managing their time as
students and as part of their perspective family. Except for doing
schoolwork, they are accountable for performing house chores.
Additionally, young people seem to have difficulties resisting any
distractions such as playing video games and browsing social media. Most
of the reason is that they want to be distracted to avoid thinking about their
personal or family problems. Hence, they wouldn't be interested in doing
their tasks in school, which would affect their time management, which
also impacts their academic performances. Due to the circumstances,
students tend to perform their school works at night which makes them
sleep-deprived, their academic performance will be utterly affected. In
some instances, they wouldn't be attentive in class because of lacking
sleep, and they'll perhaps sleep during class hours or be distracted to keep
28
themselves awake. Moreover, the psychological and psycho-social of the
students are also affected as well as their health and welfare as young
people for being sleep deprived.
Exposure of Gadgets
There is a negligible relationship between academic performance,
health, and the level of effects on the use of electronic gadgets. Many
students are misusing modern technology. Their study habits and
academic standing were merely affected. They could not focus on their
studies because of too much pleasure brought about by contemporary
technology. (Cristina Lopez Antigo, and Marie Fe D de Guzman 2021)
Moreover, it has also influenced students' sleep. The blue light radiated
from devices can reprogram the brain to delay a quality rest. Electronics
may take a toll on children to stay awake during the night and be
lightheaded during the day. Study shows that children in the Philippines
are using their phones past bedtime. Recently, there has been a surge of
gadgets users among the young ones, increasing the number of Pinoys
using their phones in the dead of night. Ninety percent of teens in the
Philippines use their gadgets to help them relax before sleeping. However,
technology stimulates your brain as it rewires your brain to sleep late.
Studies show that bright light delays melatonin production, the hormone
responsible for sleep. (Moralidad, 2020)
29
Sleep deprivation can affect the psychological behavior of a student.
Less than 8 hours of sleep at night may alter the human body and mind.
This alteration or change has a significant impact on the student's life.
(Jellyne Molina, et al. 2001) The bilateral relationship between sleep and
overall health–including physical and mental health–is commonly
accepted: lack of sleep can cause poor overall health while experiencing
stress can disrupt sleeping patterns. Experiencing mental health problems
may exacerbate sleep problems, and poor sleep quality may also
contribute to either developing mental health problems or have a
compounding effect. (Ballesteros, et al. 2021)
Work Obligations
The one significant phenomenon that has been gradually eroding
the health of the Philippines is lack of sleep. Filipino are choosing to sleep
less and less, with dangerous effects. They think that staying awake to
finish work is the lesser evil. It is not. It is a danger we have to address,
and soon. (Velasco ,2015) There are many causes as to why sleep
deprivation occurs in students. In a study done by Ahrberg (2012) and his
colleagues, they found that different stress modes affect the circadian
sleep rhythms of the students; these modes of stress from work obligations
and school are the most prevalent. A student who has work obligations can
30
feel stress from going to school, working too hard, and doing more school
work until the early hours.
Psychological Risk
Nowadays, students have mental health issues circulating all around
the country. Peer pressure, tons of schoolwork, and family matters
contribute to the instability of the mind. On the other hand, sleep
deprivation is the lack of time needed for the body to rest. Students cannot
focus or give all of their efforts with the damaging mental volatility that they
have, and multiple happenings of sleep deprivation can also ruin one's
mental health. (Frias, et al. 2018) Lack of sleep can also affect a child's
school performance and could be linked to an increased risk of mental
health problems developing a mood disorder, such as anxiety, stress and
depression. Furthermore, the researchers reported poorer sleep quality
can be a risk factor in developing Alzheimer’s disease.
According to the Sleep Foundation’s Rehman and Pacheco, (2020),
sleep problems affect an individual’s sleep quality. Sleep problems may
include difficulty getting enough sleep and, most commonly, a lack of sleep
altogether. Sleep deprivation and sleep deficiency have been linked to
several adverse health outcomes; a study conducted by Okunowo et al,
(2019) said sleep deprivation increases the chance of developing
31
hypertension. Also, it has been found that sleep-deprived and overweight
people are more likely to develop hypertension than those who are
sleeping 7-9 hours every day. Aside from that, inadequate sleep can also
be linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer,
metabolic syndrome, and neuroendocrine abnormalities. Sleep is also
necessary for cellular and molecular repairs, and optimizing sleep can
enhance and regulate metabolism, appetite, immune functions, and
endothelial cells.
Social Interaction
Proper sleep has been proven to help students perform better in
school the following day. Decision-making and emotional stability are also
affected by the right amount of good sleep. (Velasco, 2015) Sleep
deprivation has played a critical role in daily life, especially socializing.
Insufficient sleep can significantly affect both long-term and short-term
consequences for an individual. In the short-term result, sleep deprived.
Individuals have been shown to have reduced alertness, decreased
reaction time, shortened span of attention, weak judgment capacity, poor
memory, lowered concentration, and reduced awareness of their
surroundings. People who are also sleep-deprived are easily irritated and
inability to control their emotions. (Arzadon, et al. 2020)
32
Exposure of Gadgets
The use of technological gadgets has rapidly been increasing
among adolescents, which may result in health issues and technology
addiction. With the enormous amount of entertainment options, children
tend to stick to their gadgets in their free time. The more frequent tendency
of adolescent gadget use is increasingly contributing to several sleeping
problems and physical health complications (Rashid, 2021). However,
people may not realize that technology may prevent them from getting a
decent night's sleep. Most individuals nowadays go to bed with their
gadgets to keep them company. Unfortunately, the light from these
gadgets can result in a long night awake. (Brooks, 2018)
Sleep disruption is a common problem throughout the world.
According to estimates, it is believed to affect approximately 33% of its
population. Even people without sleep deprivation often struggle with sleep
problems. The relationship between sleep and mental health is very
complex because sleep problems can direct to modifications in mental
health, but mental health conditions can also aggravate problems with
sleep. (Cherry,2020) In addition, persons suffering from mental health
issues are more prone to suffer from insomnia or other sleep disorders.
Sleep issues are persistent in people suffering from anxiety, depression,
33
bipolar illness, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (Harvard
Health Publishing, 2021)
Work Obligations
Individuals spend much time at work. In addition to a workday that
averages 9.5 hours, most people spend more than four extra hours
working from home each week. Unfortunately, more work often equals less
sleep. It was found that sleep time was reduced by an hour and a half
during workdays, compared to their sleep on non-work days. Sleep-
deprived people increase the risk of more health conditions, making being
productive at work even more challenging. While work schedules
and stress can affect sleep, the opposite is true (Newsom,2021). Millions
of Individuals suffer from daytime sleepiness so pervasive that it interferes
with their daily activities, claims Thomas Roth, health and science advisor,
National Sleep Foundation (NSF). Lack of sleep and sleep problems can
have serious, life-threatening consequences [as well as] a significant
impact on productivity" (National Sleep Foundation, 2001). (Snyder, 2003)
Psychological Risk
It is hard to deal with what is happening around these days and
dealing with problems makes it more difficult for people to sleep and do
34
things normally. Moreover, the brain cannot efficiently function without
sleep, stated by Stephanie Watson and Kristeen Cherney (2021). It is
explicit that sleep deprivation affects people's mental health. If sleep
deprivation continues long enough, a person could start having
hallucinations — seeing or hearing things not there. A lack of sleep can
also trigger mania in people with a bipolar mood disorder. Furthermore, it
can trigger psychological risks, including impulsive behavior, anxiety,
depression, paranoia, suicidal thoughts. People may also end up
experiencing microsleep during the day. During these episodes, you will
fall asleep for a few to several seconds without realizing it. (Stephanie
Watson, Kristeen Cherney, 2021)
Sleep deprivation occurs when they get less sleep than your body
needs. The degree of sleep deprivation can range from total acute sleep
loss to chronic deprivation due to reduced total sleep time. Most of the
physical side effects from sleep deprivation are relatively minor; however, if
it is prolonged, it can lead to more severe and long-term consequences.
(Peters, MD, 2021). Many of the costs of poor sleep go unnoticed. Medical
conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, develop
over long periods and result from several factors; insufficient sleep has
35
also been linked to these and other health problems and is considered a
significant risk factor. (Sleep, 2008)
Social Interaction
Alienating vibe makes sleep-deprived individuals more socially
unattractive to others. Moreover, even well-rested people feel lonely after a
brief encounter with a sleep-deprived person, triggering a viral contagion of
social isolation. (Anwar, 2018) According to Simon and Walker, (2018),
Loneliness and social isolation are associated with various mental and
physical comorbidities, including sleep disturbance. Lack of sleep causes a
neurological and behavioral phenotype of social disengagement and
loneliness, which can be detected by other members of society and, in
turn, makes those members of society feel lonely. Though numerous
factors are associated with social isolation and withdrawal from
interpersonal interactions, recent evidence suggests insufficient sleep may
be one such candidate.
36
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODS
This chapter presents the method and procedure used in this study.
It also discusses the following sub-headings: research design, research
environment, respondents, data gathering procedure, research
instruments, their validity, and the statistical treatment of the data.
Research Design
The researchers of this study will utilize the descriptive correlational
research design in gathering data from the respondents. The survey
method will gather the data using instruments in questionnaires and
documents by using cellular phones and other gadgets. The documentary
analysis will be employed to determine Sleep Deprivation: Its Causes and
Effects to the Academic Performance of the Senior High School Learners,
conducted in Christ the King College de Maranding, Inc. This study will use
the same respondents and the results throughout the study.
Research Respondents
The respondents in this survey are a critical sample of 150 Senior
High School Students at Christ the King College de Maranding in Purok
37
Apitong, Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte. It will be composed of 75 grade
11 respondents then 75 grade 12 respondents for the total number of 150
needed respondents for this study.
Research Environment
Since the researchers will know the target population, this research
will be conducted at Christ the King College de Maranding in Purok
Apitong, Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte. Christ the King started its first
year of operation in Lanipao in 1950. Eventually, it was transferred to
Maranding in 1951 for expansion and development. It was merited and
found by Fr. Bahl due to his untiring effort to establish Christ the King High
School. It is one of the five secondary institutions in the town of Lala. It is a
Catholic institution of higher learning administered by the Columban Priest
of the Iligan Diocese. Meanwhile, it will be convenient for the researchers
and the respondents since it will be conducted through a google form. This
will ensure that the data would not be invalid, errors would be minimized,
and a fast response rate.
38
Mindanao Map
Lala Map Lanao del Norte

Map
CKCM School
Maranding Map
Figure B. Locale of theMap
study
39
Data Gathering Procedure
To acquire the data for the fulfillment of the study, the researchers
will amass data from books, journals, and online references correlated to
the study. The researchers will also develop a questionnaire through a
review of literature initially; it will undergo approval from at least 2
professionals. The researchers will also seek permission from the Senior
High School department to distribute the questionnaires to the subjects
who belong to the stated department. After the sought approvals, the
researchers will distribute the questionnaires to the respondents through a
link to a google form. They will ask for the subjects’ consent to answer the
questionnaires, and once approved, the researchers will explain to the
topics the instructions in answering the questionnaires. The researchers
will stand by while the issues are responded to assist when needed. When
the respondents are unable to provide the answers in the questionnaire, a
follow-up the following day will be done by the researchers. After acquiring
all the data needed, the researchers will go through a series of steps in
data gathering and tally and subject the results to statistical treatment.
40
1. We will determine 2. We will
Start whether to conduct a prepare approval
v v
survey. letters.
4. We will validate the 3. We'll construct the

questionnaires survey questions.
vc
vc
5. They will conduct and cv
v 6. they will retrieve the

administer the survey. questionnaire.
v
cv
7. They will examine,

assess, and interpret the
End outcome.
v
cv
Figure C. Flow chart of the Data Gathering
41
Research Instrument and Validity
An online research survey will be used as an instrument to elicit
relevant information concerning this study. It will be the ideal instrument to
collect data since the research will deal with descriptive correlational
research design. This is designed to determine the respondents' level of
sleep deprivation and its adverse effects. Meanwhile, this method will work
best since most students use an internet connection and Facebook
Messenger. It will be accessible to most students in senior high school. It
will eliminate room for error since these students most likely answer the
survey during their free time; they will feel relaxed or at ease, yielding more
accurate results. It will be significantly better than the paper-based survey
because the respondents will answer either on the spot or for a limited
time. Whereas in the online survey, the respondents will answer it anytime
and thoroughly assess each question.
Table 1. Scoring Plan
Scale Mean Range Descriptive Rating Verbal

Part II, III, IV Interpretation
5 4.20 – 5.00 Always Excellent
4 3.40 – 4.19 Often Good
3 2.60 – 3.39 Sometimes Average/Neutral
2 1.80 – 2.59 Rarely Poor
1 1.00 – 1.79 Never Very Poor
42
Statistical Treatment
Responses to the questionnaire by the residents will statistically
analyze with the data requirements of the study. The residents will
statistically analyze with the data instrument of the study. To have an
accurate interpretation of the gathered data, the following statistical tools
are to be utilized.
Frequency and Percentages. These will use in the distribution of
the respondents and to be applied in problems one and two.
Average Weighted Mean. This weighted average of the rating given
by the respondents on dependent variables and will be applied in the
problem.
Pearson Correlational Product. These will use to determine the
significant relationships and will be applied problems four and five.
43
Chapter 4
RESULT AND ANALYSIS
44
Chapter 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIOND AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings
Conclusions
Recommendations
45
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52
APPENDICES
53
Appendix A
LETTER FOR THE SCHOOL PRESIDENT
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE DE MARANDING, INC
Maranding, Lala, 9211, Lanao del Norte, Philippines
Ckcm_maranding@yahoo.com
March, 2022
REV. FR. ANDRES CASES JR.

School President
Christ the King College de Maranding, Inc.
Rev. Fr. Cases:
We, the undersigned Senior High School students of Christ the King
College de Maranding, Inc. Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte. We are
presently conducting a research entitled “SLEEP DEPRIVATION: ITS’
CAUSES AND EFFECTS TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS” as a requirement in Senior High
School.
In this regard, we are humbly asking for your permission to allow us to get
more information regarding the above-mentioned title of our research
through conducting a survey to the students of your prestigious school
during this second semester of the academic year 2021-2022.
We are hoping for you kind approval on this matter. Thank you very much!
Respectively yours,
(Sgd) J’HAN PERL YLOIZA G. BALLESTEROS

(Sgd) LYSSA ANTONETTE K. LIM
(Sgd) JOHANN C. GOMID
(Sgd) TONY ROSE M. PADAL
Researchers
Noted by:
(Sgd) SR. MA. HAZEL A. MEJORADA, MSOLTC, RGC
Thesis Adviser
54
Appendix B
LETTER FOR THE EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT
March, 2022
SR. FELISA P. BATUSIN, MCM

Executive Vice President
Sr. Batusin:
School.
Respectively yours,

Researchers
Noted by:
55
Thesis Adviser
Appendix C
LETTER FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT FOR RESEARCH
EXTENSION AND DEVELOPMENT
March, 2022
MARIA ESPERANZA S. MACASARTE, PH.D

Vice President for Research Extension and Development
Dr. Macasarte:
School.
Respectively yours,

Researchers
Noted by:
56
Thesis Adviser
Appendix D
LETTER FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT FOR
ACADEMIC AFFAIRS
March, 2022
LYDIE D. PADERANGA, PH.D

Letter for The Vice President for Academic Affairs
Dr. Paderanga:
We, the undersigned Senior High School students of Christ the King We,
the undersigned Senior High School students of Christ the King College de
Maranding, Inc. Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte. We are presently
conducting a research entitled “SLEEP DEPRIVATION: ITS’ CAUSES
AND EFFECTS TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS” as a requirement in Senior High School.
Respectively yours,

Researchers
Noted by:
57
Thesis Adviser
Appendix E
LETTER FOR THE SCHOOL PRINCIPAL
March, 2022
JAY MAR R. PAJENTE, MM-EM

School Principal
Sr. Pajente:
School.
Respectively yours,

Researchers
Noted by:
58
Thesis Adviser
Appendix F
LETTER FOR THE ADVISER
March, 2022
SR. MA. HAZEL A. MEJORADA, MSOLTC, RGC

Adviser
Sr. Mejorada:
School.
Respectively yours,

Researchers
Noted by:
59
Thesis Adviser
Appendix G
LETTER FOR THE RESPONDENTS
March, 2022
RESPONDENTS
Respondents:
School.
In this regard, with your relevant expertise and experience, we respectfully

request your participation in our study as one of our respondents. We
sincerely hope you will take your time responding to the questions
honestly. Rest assured that all collected data will be handled with the
utmost confidentiality and will be solely used for academic purposes only.
Respectively yours,

Researchers
60
Noted by:
Thesis Adviser
Appendix H
SURVEY QUESTIONAIRE

Direction: Please answer the following items as honestly and correctly as

possible by indicating with a check ( ) of the desired information in
the boxes of your choices.
Part 1. Demographic Profile of the Respondent
1.1 Age
16-17
20 above
18-19
1.2 Gender
Male Female
1.3 Year Level
Grade 11 Grade 12
61
1.4 Parents’ occupation
62
Direction: Below is the statement that describes causes of sleep
deprivation. Please check ( ) the corresponding scale that best
describes your assessment on the given items.
5 - Always ( A ) 3 – Sometimes ( S ) 1 – Never ( N)
4 – Often ( O ) 2 – Rarely ( R )
Part 2. Causes of Sleep Deprivation
2.1. Exposure of Gadgets
Items Statements 5 (A) 4 (O) 3 (S) 2 (R) 1 (N)

1 I use electronic gadgets before I sleep.
2 I use electronic devices for more than 3
hours a day.
3 I have trouble falling asleep when using my
phone.
4 I don't have adequate sleep because I am
always on my phone.
5 I experience sleep disturbances due to my
phone
2.2. Mental Health Issues

1 I cannot fall asleep with ease because of
overthinking.
2 I experience sleep disruptions because of
nightmares.
3 I find it difficult to sleep due to panic attacks.
4 I feel anxious before going to sleep due to
my negative thoughts.
5 I find it hard to sleep because of
depression.
63
2.3. Work obligations
Items Statements 5 (A) 4 3 (S) 2 (R) 1 (N)

(O)
1 I sleep late due to meeting assignment
deadlines.
2 I can't handle my time management due to
loads of house works.
3 I sleep late, assisting my family to prepare
for our business.
4 I do my work at night because the daytime
is not enough for me to finish my obligations
as a student and as part of our household.
5 I can't focus on doing my school works in
the daytime.
Part 3. Effects of Sleep Deprivation

3.1. Psychological Risk
Items Statements 5 (A) 4 3 (S) 2 (R) 1 (N)
(O)
1 I usually experience mood swings if I'm
sleep-deprived.
2 I'm easily irritable when I don't have a night
of adequate sleep.
3 I find it hard to cope with stress if I don't
have a night of sufficient sleep.
4 My anxiety levels exacerbate if I don't sleep
enough.
5 I easily forget things if I'm sleep-deprived.
3.2. Physiological Health

1 I experience muscle tremors if didn't have
enough sleep.
2 I experience body aches after having
inadequate sleep.
3 I experience fatigue during the daytime due
to a lack of sleep.
64
4 I have a headache after I don't sleep
sufficiently.
5 I experience anemia when I don't have
enough sleep.
3.3. Social Interaction

1 I don't enjoy interacting with other people
when I'm sleep-deprived.
2 It is hard for me to efficiently recognize
someone's emotions if I don't have enough
sleep.
3 I avoid close contact with other people if I'm
Sleep-deprived.
4 I feel lonelier when I'm sleep-deprived.
5 I feel unconfident if I'm sleep-deprived.
Part 4. Senior High School learners’ Academic Performance
4.1. Grade Point Average
GPA (Grade Point Average) :_____________________________
65
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name : J’han Perl Yloiza G. Ballesteros

Address : San Isidro Lower, Lala Lanao del Norte
Date of Birth : April 19, 2004
Place of Birth : Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental
Age : 17
Nationality : Filipino
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic
Name of Parents : Mother: Perlita G. Ballesteros
Father: Juanito R. Ballesteros
Senior High School : Christ the King College de Maranding

Purok Apitong, Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte
2021 - 2022
Junior High School : Christ the King College de Maranding
2019 - 2021
Elementary : Lanipao Central Elementary School
Lanipao, Lala, Lanao del Norte
2010 - 2017
66
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name : Lyssa Antonette K. Lim

Address : San Isidro Lower, Lala Lanao del Norte
Date of Birth : September 23, 2004
Place of Birth : Sanitarium Hospital, Iligan City
Age : 17

Name of Parents : Mother: Neliza K. Lim
Father: Antonio E. Lim

2021 - 2022
2018 - 2021
Elementary : La Salle University Integrated School
Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental
2015 – 2017
67
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name : Tony Rose M. Padal

Address : Lapinig, Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte
Date of Birth : October 28, 2004
Place of Birth : Aurora Hospital, Zamboanga del Sur
Age : 17

Name of Parents : Mother: Rosila M. Padal
Father: Antonio S. Padal

2021 - 2022
2018 - 2021
Elementary : Christ the King College de Maranding
68
2010 - 2017
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name : Johaan C. Gomid

Address : Tenazas, Lala, Lanao del Norte
Date of Birth : May 28, 2005
Place of Birth : Well Family Clinic, Maranding, Lala,
Lanao del Norte
Age : 16

Religion : Church of God (7th day)
Name of Parents : Mother: Richel C. Gomid
Father: Jeveyme T.Gomid

2021 - 2022
2018 - 2021
Elementary : D.U Tenazas Elementary School
69
Tenazas, Lala, Lanao del Norte
2015 - 2017
70

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SLEEP DEPRIVATION: ITS’ CAUSES AND EFFECTS TO THE

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE SENIOR

J’HAN PERL YLOIZAGERALLA BALLESTEROS

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE SENIOR

HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS

of the Requirement for Senior High School Curriculum

J’HAN PERL YLOIZA GERALLA BALLESTEROS

LYSSA ANTONETTE KWAN LIM

JOHANN CANONIGO GOMID

TONY ROSE MIOLE PADAL

SR. MA. HAZEL A. MEJORADA, MSOLTC, RGC

MARIA ESPERANZA A. MACASAARTE, PhD.

SR. MA. HAZEL A. MEJORADA, MSOLTC, RGC JAY MAR R. PAJENTE,MM-

MR. JAY MAR R. PAJENTE, MM-EM

This research study is the outcome of extensive effort and hard

do everything with passion and commitment, and to our comrades and

affection and support.

of many individuals. The researchers would like to express their sincere

gratitude to each one of them.

To the Panel of Experts, To Dr. Maria Esperanza S. Macasarte, To

you for your suggestion and encouragement, allowing us to get the

necessary information we need to make this study possible.

To our beloved parents; for their spiritual support as well as their

financial assistance. Without them, none of this would indeed be possible.

teaching, strength, and perseverance that he had given up on us while

conducting our study.

Title: SLEEP DEPRIVATION: ITS CAUSES AND EFFECTS TO THE

PAGE TITLE PAGE

Statement of the Problem

Scope and Limitation

2 REVIEWS OF RELATED LITERATURE

Insights Learned of the Related Literature and Studies

Data Gathering Procedures

Research Instruments and Their Validity

4 RESULT AND ANALYSIS

Part II – Cause of Sleep Deprivation

Part III – Effects of Sleep Deprivation

Part IV – Senior High School Learners Academic

Part V – Awareness Program

5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIOND AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Letter for the School President

B. Letter for the Executive Vice President

C. Letter for the Vice President for Research Extension and

D. Letter for the Vice President for Academic Affairs

E. Letter for the School Principal

F. Letter for the Adviser

G. Letter for the Respondents

TABLE TITLE PAGE

FIGURES TITLE PAGE

B Locale of the Study

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Humans' well-being could be negatively afflicted for copious

reasons, with sleep deprivation being most prominent. Sleep is a requisite

for human health; sufficient sleep is indispensable for explicit functionality,

an ample amount of sleep is not regulated, sleep deprivation ensues.

Deficient sleep frequently leads to inadequate intellect, negatively affecting

wellness and well-being. Sleep deprivation affects diverse facets of

intellectual and psychological functioning; minor alterations in sleep span