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Unit 5: Strategic management and planning for prevention

and control of contaminant discharge from process
operation in construction industries

Sensitization to different process operation in different construction industries :

Sensitization to different process operations is crucial in various construction industries to ensure
safety, efficiency, and compliance with industry standards. Here are some key aspects of
sensitization in different construction industries : (1) Civil construction : (a) Excavation and Grading :
Understanding the soil types, proper excavation techniques, and grading processes are essential to
prevent collapses and ensure stability. (b) Concrete Work : Knowledge of concrete mixing, pouring,
and curing processes, as well as the ability to recognize potential issues like air voids or weak spots.
(2) heavy construction : (a) Earthmoving and Site Preparation: Awareness of heavy equipment
operation, soil compaction, and proper grading for large-scale projects. (b) Pile Driving:
Understanding the different types of piles and the equipment used for driving them into the ground
for foundation support. (3) Road construction : (a) Asphalt Paving: Knowledge of asphalt mixing,
paving techniques, and compaction processes. (b) Traffic Control: Awareness of safety measures for
workers and the public, including proper traffic signage and control during road construction. (4)
Residential construction : (a) Frame Construction: Understanding the framing process for houses,
including the use of wood or steel framing materials. (b) Roofing Installation: Knowledge of various
roofing materials and proper installation methods. (5) Commercial construction : (a) Steel Structure
Erection: Familiarity with steel fabrication and erection processes for large commercial buildings. (b)
HVAC and Electrical Installation: Awareness of the installation of heating, ventilation, air
conditioning systems, and electrical systems in commercial structures. (6) Environmental
construction : (a) Erosion Control: Understanding measures to prevent soil erosion during
construction activities. (b) Waste Management: Knowledge of proper disposal and recycling
practices for construction waste.

Identification of sources of contamination and hazards : Construction sites are inherently

hazardous environments due to the presence of heavy machinery, hazardous materials, and various
physical hazards. Additionally, construction activities can generate significant amounts of waste and
contaminants, potentially impacting the environment and human health. (1) Sources of
contamination : There are the various sources of contamination in construction site are : (a) Soil and
sediment (b) Dust and particulate matter (c) various Construction materials (d) Fuels and lubricants
(e) Waste materials etc.(2) Sources of hazards : there are the various types of hazards material in
construction site are : (a) Chemical hazards : Construction Materials: Some construction materials,
such as paints, adhesives, solvents, and sealants, may contain hazardous chemicals. Fuel and
Lubricants: Gasoline, diesel, and other lubricants used for machinery pose a risk of spills and
contamination. (b) Biological hazards : Mold and Fungi: Improper ventilation and water intrusion can
lead to the growth of mould and fungi, which can pose health risks. Vector-Borne Diseases:
Construction sites in certain regions may be prone to vector-borne diseases transmitted by insects or
rodents. (c) physical hazards : Falling Objects: Tools, equipment, or materials falling from heights can
cause injuries. Noise and Vibration: Heavy machinery and construction activities can generate
excessive noise and vibration, leading to hearing loss or musculoskeletal issues.
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(d) Electrical hazards : Exposed Wiring: Electrical wires, outlets, and equipment without proper
insulation or protection pose a risk of electric shock. Overhead Power Lines: Working in proximity to
overhead power lines can be hazardous. (e) Structural hazards : Unsafe Structures: Unstable or
poorly constructed structures can collapse, posing a significant risk to workers. Trench and
Excavation Hazards: Collapse of trenches or excavations can result in burial injuries.

Planning for control and prevention of contamination & hazards : Controlling and
preventing contamination and hazards on a construction site requires a comprehensive planning and
implementation approach. Here are key steps and strategies for effective control and prevention :
(a) Risk assessment (b) regulatory compliance (c) safety training (d) personal protective equipment
(e) engineering control (f) administrative control (g) hazards material management (h) inspection &
audits (i) environmental control etc.

Implementation through proper measures of contamination & hazards : The

implementation of proper measures to control and prevent contamination and hazards on a
construction site involves a systematic and proactive approach. Here are specific measures and steps
that can be implemented : (a) Documented Safety Program (b) Management Commitment (c)
Training and Education (d) Hazard Identification and Reporting (e) Job Hazard Analysis (f) Emergency
Response Plan (g) Regular Inspections (h) equipment safety etc.

Safety audits & Non compliance reports : Safety audits and non-compliance reports are
essential components of a robust safety management system in any industry, including construction.
These tools help organizations assess their safety performance, identify areas of improvement, and
ensure compliance with safety regulations. Here's an overview of safety audits and non-compliance
reports: (1) Safety audits : Safety audits aim to systematically evaluate and verify the effectiveness
of an organization's safety management system. They help ensure that safety policies. (2) Non-
compliance reports : Non-compliance reports document instances where safety protocols,
regulations, or procedures are not being followed. They serve as a tool to identify and address
deviations from established safety standards.

Turn around time for post audit compliance and implementation through proper
measures : The turnaround time for post-audit compliance and implementation through proper
measures can vary depending on the complexity of the audit findings, the nature of the identified
issues, and the organization's commitment to safety. However, it's crucial to establish a prompt and
systematic approach to address and implement corrective actions. Here's a suggested timeline : (A)
Immediate Actions (Within 24-48 Hours). (B) Short-Term Actions (Within 1 Week). (C) Mid-Term
Actions (Within 2-4 Weeks). (D) Long-Term Actions (Within 1-3 Months). (E) Follow-Up and
Verification (Ongoing) (F) Final Review (3-6 Months).