Câu 7)

a)

( | ) ( | ) ( | )
−2 0 −3 1 0 0 1 2 2 0 0 1 1 2 20 0 1
[ (2 ) → ( 2 ) + ( 3 ) ]
( | 3) 2 1 3 0 1 0
A I = ( 1 ) ↔ ( 3 ) 2 1 3 0 1 0 0 1 01 1 0
1 2 2 0 0 1 →
−2 0 −3 1 0 0 ( 3 ) → [ ( 3→) +2 ( 1 ) ] 0 4 1 1 0 2

( | ) ( | )
1 0 2 −2 −2 1 1 0 0 4 6 −3
( 1 ) → [ ( 1 )−2(2)]
0 1 0 1 1 0 ( 1 ) →[ ( 1 )−2(3)] 0 1 0 1 1 0
( 3 ) →[ ( 3 )−4(2)] 0 0 1 −3 −4 2 →
0 0 1 −3 −4 2
→

( )
4 6 −3
Do A = I 3 nên A khả nghịch và A −1
= 1 1 0
−3 −4 2

b)

( | ) ( | )
2 −3 −4 1 0 0 2 −3 −4 1 0 0
( 2 ) → [ ( 2 ) +( 1 ) ]
( | 3)
B I = −2 2 3 0 1 0 0 −1 −1 1 1 0
−3 4 6 0 0 1 ( 3 ) → [ ( 3 ) + ( 1 ) ] −1 1 2 1 0 1
→

( | ) ( | )
1 −2 −2 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 −2 1
( 1 ) → [ ( 1 ) +( 3 ) ] ( 1 ) → [ (1 )−2 ( 2 ) ]
0 −1 −1 1 1 0 0 −1 −1 1 1 0
( 3 ) → [ (3 )+ ( 1 ) ] 0 −1 0 3 0 2 ( 3 ) → [ ( 3 )−( 2 ) ] 0 0 1 2 −1 2
→ →

( | ) ( | )
1 0 0 0 −2 1 1 0 0 0 −2 1
( 2 ) →−1(2) 0 1 1 −1 −1 0 ( 2 ) → [ ( 2 )−(3)] 0 1 0 −3 0 −2
→ →
0 0 1 2 −1 2 0 0 1 2 −1 2

( )
0 −2 1
Do B = I 3 nên B khả nghịch và B−1 = −3 0 −2
2 −1 2

c)

( | ) ( | )
1 3 11 0 0 1 3 1 1 0 0
( 2 ) → [ ( 2 )+ ( 1 ) ]
( C|I 3 ) = −1 −1 3 0 1 0 0 2 4 1 1 0
1 2 1 0 0 1 ( 3 ) → [ ( 3 )−( 1 ) ] 0 −1 0 −1 0 1
→

( | )
−3 1 5

( |
( 2 ) → [ ( 2 ) + ( 3 ) ] 1 0 −1 1 1 −3 −3

)
1 0 5
( 1 ) → [ ( 1 ) +4 (3 ) ] 1 0 −1
( 1 ) → [ ( 1 )−3 (2 ) ] 0 1 4 0 1 1 0 1 0
−1 1 1
( 3 ) → [ ( 3 )+ ( 2 ) ] 0 0 4 −1 1 2 ( 2 ) → [ (→2 )− (3 ) ] 0 0 1
4 4 2
→
 ( | )
−7 −1 5
1 0 0 4 4 2
( 1 ) →[ (1 )−5(3)] 0 1 0 1 0 −1
→
0 0 1 −1 1 1
4 4 2

( )
−7 −1 5
4 4 2
−1
I
Do C = 3 nên C khả nghịch và C = 1 0 −1
−1 1 1
4 4 2

d)

| ) |
8 −12 1 0 0 (1 ) → [ ( 1 )+ ( 2 ) ] 1 1
( ( )
13 0 1 1 0
( D|I 3 )= −12 −7 12 0 1 0 ( 2 ) → [ ( 2 ) +12 (1 ) ] 0 5 12 12 13 0
6 4 −5 0 0 1 ( 3 ) → [ (3 )−6 ( 1 ) ] 0 −2 −5 −6 −6 1
→

| ( |
( 2 ) → [ ( 2 )+2 ( 3 ) ] 1 0 −2 1

( ) )
0 −2 ( 3 ) →−1 ( 3 ) 1 0 0 13 8 −1 2
( 1 ) → [ ( 1 )− (2 ) ] 0 1 2 0 1 2 (1 ) → [ ( 1 )+ 2 ( 3 ) ] 0 1 0 −12 −7 1 2
( 3 ) → [ (3 )+ 2 ( 2 ) ] 0 0 −1 −6 −4 5 ( 2 ) → [ (2 )−2 ( 3 ) ] 0 0 1 6 4 −5
→ →

( )
13 8 −12
−1
I
Do D = 3 nên D khả nghịch D = −12 −7 12
6 4 −5

e)

( | ) ( | )
1 2 −2 1 0 0 1 2 −2 1 0 0
( 2 ) → [ ( 2 ) +2 ( 1 ) ]
( E|I 3 ) = −2 1 2 0 1 0 0 5 −2 2 1 0
3 1 −4 0 0 1 ( 3 ) → [ ( 3 ) −3 ( 1 ) ] 0 −5 2 −3 0 1
→

( | ) ( | )
1 2 −2 1 0 0
1 2 −2 1 0 0
−2 2 1
( 3 ) →[ ( 3 ) +(2)] 0 5 −2 2 1 0 ( 2 ) →5−1 (2) 0 1 0
→ → 5 5 5
0 0 0 −1 1 1
0 0 0 −1 1 1

Do E ≠ I 3nên E không khả nghịch

f)

| ) |
−3 3 1 0 0 ( 1 ) → [ ( 1 ) −( 2 ) ] 1 −2 5 1 −1 0
( ( )
2
( F|I 3 ) = 1 −1 −2 0 1 0 ( 2 ) → [ ( 2 )−( 1 ) ] 0 1 −7 −1 2 0
−5 7 −4 0 0 1 ( 3 ) → [ ( 3 ) +5 ( 1 ) ] 0 −3 21 5 −5 1
→
 ( | )
1 −2 5 1 −1 0
( 3 ) →[ ( 3 ) +3(2)] 0 1 −7 −1 2 0
→
0 0 0 2 1 1

Do F ≠ I 3nên F không khả nghịch

g)

( )
−3 3
−1
2 4

( )
4 6 −3
−1 −1 −1 −1
(−4 A) = . 1 1 0 = 0
4 4 4
−3 −4 2
3 −1
1
4 2

( )
4 1 −3
t −1
( A ) = 6 1 −4
−3 0 2

( )( )
−1
−2 0 −3 −4 0 −6
( 2−1 A−1 ) =2. 2 1 3 = 4 2 6
1 2 2 2 4 4

( )( )
3
4 6 −3 220 300 −129
3 −1
( A ) = 1 1 0 = 36 49 −21
−3 −4 2 −157 −21 4 92

( ) ( )( )
4
−2 0 −3 −5 −48 −18 5 48 18
−4 −1
(− A ) =−1 . 2 1 3 =−1. 20 61 42 = −20 −61 −42
1 2 2 38 60 67 −38 −60 −67

( )( )( )
0 −2 1 4 6 −3 −5 −6 2
−1
( BA ) = −3 0 −2 . 1 1 0 = −6 −1 0 5
2 −1 2 −3 −4 2 1 3 −2

( )( )( )
−1
−2 0 −3 0 −2 1 −6 7 −8
( A−1 B ) = 2 1 3 . −3 0 −2 = 3 −7 6
1 2 2 2 −1 2 −2 −4 1

( )( )( )
4 6 −3 2 −3 −4 5 −12 −16
−1 −1
( A B ) = 1 1 0 . −2 2 3 = 0 −1 −1
−3 −4 2 −3 4 6 −4 9 12

( )( )( )
2 −3 −4 −2 0 −3 −14 −11 −23
−1 −1
( B A ) = −2 2 3 . 2 1 3 = 11
−1
8 18
−3 4 6 1 2 2 20 16 33