1.

Pharmacology:
- Antacids: Reduce hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
- Antianemics: Increase blood cell production.
- Anticholinergics: Decrease oral secretions.
- Anticoagulants: Prevent clot formation.
- Anticonvulsants: Used for management of seizures and/or bipolar disorders.
- Antidiarrheals: Decrease gastric motility and reduce water in the bowel.
- Antihistamines: Block the release of histamine.
- Antihypertensives: Lower blood pressure and increase blood flow.
- Anti-infectives: Used for the treatment of infections.
- Bronchodilators: Dilate large air passages in asthma and lung diseases (e.g., COPD).
- Diuretics: Decrease water/sodium from the Loop of Henle.
- Laxatives: Promote the passage of stool.
- Miotics: Constrict the pupils.
- Mydriatics: Dilate the pupils.
- Narcotics/analgesics: Relieve moderate to severe pain.

2. Endocrine Signs/Symptoms:
- Diabetes Insipidus: Polyuria, low specific gravity, hyperosmolality, dry skin/mucous
membranes, low blood pressure.
- DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis): High sugar, ketones present, acidosis, dehydration, Kussmaul
respirations, abdominal pain.
- Addison's Disease: Low blood pressure, hyponatremia, low blood sugar, low temperature,
low mood/energy, loss of body hair, high potassium, pigmentation.
- Hypothyroidism: Low heart rate/blood pressure, low temperature, low energy, slow GI
function (constipation), hair loss, low mood/sex drive, slow, dry skin, slow menstruation.
 - SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone): Low urination, high specific
gravity, hypoosmolality, hyponatremia, seizures, severely high blood pressure.
- HHNS (Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome): High sugar, extreme
dehydration, neurologic symptoms (confusion), no ketones, Kussmaul or abdominal pain.
- Cushing's Syndrome: High blood pressure, hypernatremia, high blood sugar, high risk of
infection, excess body hair (hirsutism), round abdomen (overweight), moon face/buffalo hump.
- Hyperthyroidism: Bulging eyes (exophthalmos), goiter, high heart rate/blood pressure, heart
palpitations, hot & sweaty skin, heat intolerance, fast metabolism (diarrhea).
- Hypoparathyroidism: Muscle aches and cramps, seizures, tingling, burning, twitching,
hyperphosphatemia.
- Hyperparathyroidism: Muscle aches and cramps, seizures, tingling, burning, twitching,
hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, osteoporosis, kidney stones, abdominal pain, excessive
urination, weakness.

3. Drug Information:
- Aspirin: Stop taking days before surgery, avoid in children due to Reye Syndrome.
- Lithium: Avoid sudden changes in salt intake to prevent toxicity.
- Morphine: Monitor respiratory status (may cause respiratory depression).
- NSAIDs: Contraindicated in patients with GI ulcers, may cause gum hyperplasia.
- Dilantin: Turns urine orange, avoid foods with tyramine (may cause hypertensive crisis).
- Rifampin: May cause orange urine.
- MAOIs: Avoid foods with tyramine (may cause hypertensive crisis).
- Potassium: Never give IV push.
- Loop Diuretics: Watch for hypokalemia.
- Potassium-Sparing Diuretics: Monitor for hyperkalemia.

4. Fundamentals:
- Heart Auscultation: Locations and sounds.
- Normal Lung Sounds: Types of sounds.
 - Cranial Nerves: Names and functions.
- Ethical/Legal Principles: Autonomy, beneficence, justice, negligence, nonmaleficence,
malpractice, veracity.

5. Obstetrics:
- True vs. False Labor: Characteristics of each.
- Signs of Labor: Moving fetus, placenta, and membranes; true labor signs; signs preceding
labor.