Classifications and Periodical Survey

By Ir. Steve Virdianto S.T., M.MT. IPP, MIMarEST

Senior Surveyor, ISM-ISPS Auditor, MLC Inspector
Mob: +628111900713

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Course Outline

Introduction
• Classification Background
• Class Societies – Purpose and Objective
• IACS defining classification society and its role
• Ship type, design
• Classification – What is covered and not covered
• Survey Cycle
• Classifications & Statutory Survey
• Survey Finding

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Why Classification ?

 Second Half 18th Century: Marine Insurers required independent technical

assessment of ships for Insurance Cover at Lloyd's Coffee House, London !

 Classification societies set technical rules based on experience and research

 A classified vessel can operate according to IMO’s regulatory framework and

lives up to global safety and environmental standards. A prerequisite for a
vessel to be classified is that the engines are type approved/Class approved.

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Class Societies – Purpose and Objective

• Class societies make a unique contribution to maritime safety and regulation through technical
support, compliance verification and research and development. More than 90% of the world's
cargo carrying tonnage is covered by the classification design, construction and through-life
compliance Rules and standards set by the Member Societies of IACS.

• The purpose of a Classification Society is to provide classification and statutory services and
assistance to the maritime industry and regulatory bodies as regards maritime safety and pollution
prevention, based on the accumulation of maritime knowledge and technology .

• The objective of ship classification is to verify the structural strength and integrity of essential
parts of the ship’s hull and its appendages, and the reliability and function of the propulsion and
steering systems, power generation and those other features and auxiliary systems which have
been built into the ship in order to maintain essential services on board

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IACS Defining Classification Society & its Role…

• Publishes classification Rules in terms of Design, Construction and Survey

• Capacity to apply, maintain and update
• Verifies compliance during construction and periodically during operation
throughout ship's service life
• Publishes a register of Classed Ships
• Independent 3rd party
• Authorised by Flag Administration
(SOLAS Ch. XI-1, Regulation 1) & listed IMO database
• Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS)

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CLASSIFICATION SYMBOLS

EQUIVALENT CLASSIFICATION SYMBOLS

The following are the symbols used by each IACS Member to denote a ship constructed under special
survey in compliance with the society's rules, suitable for unrestricted sea-going service. Enquiries
regarding any other symbols or notations should be made direct to the society concerned.

Society Symbol Society Symbol

ABS + A1 KR + KRS1
BV I LR +100A1
CCS ★ CSA NK NS 
CRS ★100A1 PRS KM
DNV +1A1 RINA 100-A-1.1 or C
GL +100A5 RS
IRS BKI +A100 I P

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How do vessel enter Classification?

Technical review of the design

Attendance during construction of the vessel
Attendance at the relevant production facilities that provide key
components

Attendance at sea trials and other trials relating to the vessel

Upon satisfactory completion, Assignment of class may be approved
Once in service, periodical class and statutory surveys, carried out on
board, except for Navy Ship

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Ship Type

Ship types are basically divided by:

• The type of cargo
• Ship purpose
• The vessel is built “Fit for Purpose” and “Order Made”

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Ship Type

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 Ship Type – Bulk Carriers

There are several kind of Bulk Carriers depending of their sizes and passage

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 Ship Type – Oil Tankers

There are several kind of Tankers depending of their sizes

and passage criteria:

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Ship Type – Oil Tankers

Other types of ships under the terminology of “Tankers”

• Product Tankers
• Products from refineries
• Capacity about 50,000 DWT
• Chemical Tankers
• The cargoes require higher safety restrictions
• Capacity varies between 2500 to 45000 DWT
• LPG and LNG Tankers
• These are Liquefied Gas Tankers
• Pressurized Tanks, Atmospheric Tanks or Semi- pressurized

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Ship Type – Container

• Container ships are designed for the carriage of containers in holds and on
deck which are stowed within a cellular guide system

• Containers may be refrigerated with required additional outfitting

• Containers dimensions are standards. They are measured on TEU’s

• TEU is the Twenty feet Equivalent Unit which is about 20*0.305 = 6,10 meters

• There is also another unit call FEU which is the Forty feet Equivalent Unit
which is about 12,20 meters long.

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Ship Type – Container

Types of Container ships based on their Capacity and Passage:

• There are container ships with only 200 TEU

• The capacity has grown from a standard size of 1,500 TEU up to more than
13,000 TEU
• PANAMAX: breadth less than 32.3 meters
• POST PANAMAX: breadth over 32.3 meters
• SUEZMAX: maximum draught 18.9 meters

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 Ship design

Contract
• Ship Type
• Ship Size
• Statutory Conventions
• Speed
• Classification

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 Ship Design

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Women onboard

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 The classification service

Rules product and Suitably qualified LR classification

classification and experienced service
process people ensure that
rules are applied
appropriately

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Classification – What is not covered

• Design and manufacturing processes;

• Type and power of machinery and certain equipment (e.g. winches);
• Number and qualification of crew or operating personnel;
• Form and cargo carrying capacity of the ship and manoeuvring performance;
• Spare parts;
• Life-saving appliances and maintenance equipment

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 The role of a classification society in the marine
industry today?

• Classification services

• Statutory services

• Consultancy services

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 What is the difference between a class survey and
a statutory survey?

• Class survey – carried out on behalf of the class society

• Statutory survey – carried out on behalf of the flag of the ship

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 Relationship between class and statutory

IMO conventions
Classification

Safety Floatability Pollution

Implementation
(SOLAS) (Loadline) (MARPOL)
of standards for:

Strength Strength Strength

Propelling machinery Fire & lifesaving Freeboard Accidental

Electrical systems Intact
Communications stability Operational
Control systems
Damage stability Damage Damage
Anchoring equipment stability stability
Propelling machinery,
electrical and control systems Statutory certification

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 What are the main class surveys?

Class (Hull)
• Special Survey (SS)
• Intermediate Survey (ITSS/ITMS)
• Annual Survey (AS)
• Docking Survey (DS)

Class (Machinery)
• Engine Survey (ES) or Continuous Survey Machinery (CSM)
• Tailshaft (Screwshaft) Survey (TS)
• Boilers – main, auxiliary, domestic (MBS, ABS, DBS)
• Steampipes Survey (SPS)

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 What are the main statutory surveys?
Audit & Inspections

• Safety Construction (SOLAS)

• Load line (Load Line)
• Safety Equipment (SOLAS)
• Safety Radio (SOLAS)
• Marine Pollution (oil, air, sewage etc) (MARPOL)
+
• International Safety Management (ISM)
• International Ship & Port Facility Security (ISPS)
• Marine Labor Convention (MLC 2006)

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 Survey cycle – class surveys

Year 1 2 3 4 5

SS ITSS or ITMS SS

AS AS AS AS AS

DS DS DS

DS IWS DS

Continuous Survey Hull/Machinery (CSH/CSM)

BS BS BS

TS TS

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 Survey cycle – class surveys

Year 1 2 3 4 5

Safcon AS AS AS AS RS

Load Line
AS AS AS AS RS

Saf. Equip. AS
AS AS AS RS

Radio AS AS AS AS RS

Pollution AS AS AS AS RS

Saf. Mgmt IVA RA

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 Annual / Intermediate & Load Line Survey

1. Documentation to be Prepared :
- Valid Class certificate and Statutory Certificates
- Valid Annual Service LSA and FFA
- Approved Intact Stability Booklet
- Water Ballast Managements Plan
- Damage Control Plan
- Statement no asbestos were used on board
- Maneuvering booklet displayed on Bridge
- Steering Gear Change Over Procedure displayed on Bridge
- Deck Log Book for Steering Drill Records

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 Periodical Survey

2.Hull Survey :
- General examination of Hull structures i.e Ship Name,
Port of Registry , Main deck, Accommodation, Deck and
Side Shell as far as practicable.
- Plimsol Mark
- Bulwark

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Periodical Survey

- General examination of Anchor Windlass, Anchor

and Chains including Chains stopper .
- Examination of Windlass hydraulic pipes
- Function Test of Windlass ( Intermediate survey only)

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Periodical Survey

- Small Hatch cover

- Water & Weather tight Doors

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Periodical Survey

- Air Pipe Vent Head, Gooseneck, Sounding pipe

- Ventilation

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Periodical Survey

- Fire Damper

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Periodical Survey

• ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR Intermediate Survey

- Intermediate survey could be done on 2nd Annual or 3rd Annual survey
- Ship less than 5 years of age :
> No required for tank overall survey
- Ship over 5 years of age and up to 10 years of age :
> an Overall Survey of representative salt-water ballast tanks, as selected by the
Surveyor is to be carried out.
- Ship over than 10 years of age :
> All salt-water ballast tanks are to be examined.
> The anchors are to be partially lowered and raised using the windlass.
- Ship Over than 15 years of age :
> the same extent as the previously Special Survey
> Thickness Measurements to be taken as same as the previously Special Survey.

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Periodical Survey

3. MACHINERY SURVEY
- Cleanliness in Engine room and compartments

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 Periodical Survey

- Safety Device of M/E and A/E include oil leakage & oil mist detection test.
- Safety device of MSB and function testing
- Safety Device of air compressor testing
- Bilge Alarm Testing
- Quick Closing Valve testing
- Emergency Stop of E/R fan and FO/ LO pumps
- Steering Gear & Emergency steering Testing
- Main And Emergency Fire Pumps
- Engine Log book review
- Escape arrangements
- Electrical cables examination & Lighting system
- Protective electric shock
- OWS 15 ppm alarm testing

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Periodical Survey

4.STATUTORY SURVEY
- Examination structural fire protection arrangements
- Examination automatic fire doors and testing
- Examination fire & smoke detection and alarms system
- General examination of LSA, FFA and Navigation light.

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Periodical Survey

6. OTHER INSPECTION
- Cleanliness on Bridge, Mess room , Galley and Accommodation room

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Classification Surveys

• Classification survey a “Visual Examination” :

- Overall examination of the items identified in the Rules for survey;
- Detailed checks of selected parts, on a sampling basis;
- Witnessing tests, measurements and trials where applicable

• Each classed vessel subject to a specified programme of periodic surveys after

delivery based on a five-year cycle:
 Annual survey ( Every 12 months, with window of +/- 3 months)
 Periodical/Intermediate survey ( Instead of the 2nd or 3rd Annual survey)
 Class Renewal / Special survey (every 5 years)

• Rigour of each specified survey increases with the age of the vessel

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Findings: Classification Surveys

• Corrosion
• Structural defects or damage to hull
• Structural defects or damage to machinery
• Structural defects or damage to other piece of equipment
• (Based on Class Rules)

‘Recommendation’ and ‘COC’ different terms used by IACS Societies for the same thing

‘Memoranda’ or a similar term: Assistance to owners

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Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering

End Session

Question ?

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