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5-62 CHAPTER 5 - Structural Stee! SECTION 506 ‘DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR FLEXURE . 506.1 General Provisions The design flexural strength, ¢pMy, and the allowable flexural strength, My/Mj, shall be determined as follows: 1. Porall provisions inthis section $1 = 0.90(LRFD) My = 1.67(ASD) and the nominal flexural strength, My, shall be determined according t0 Section 506.2 through Section $06.12. The provisions in this section are based on the assumption that points of support for beams and girders are restrained against rotation about their longitudinal axis ‘The following terms are common to the equations in this section except where noted: Cy = Iateralctorsional buckling modification factor for nonuniform moment diagrams \when both ends of the unsupported segment are braced _ 12.5Minax he 25M imax + 3M, + 4My+3M, ™ <3.0 Cy (5061-1) where: Mmax ~ absolute value of maximum moment in the unbraced segment, N-mm. M, = absolute value of moment at quarter point of the unbraced segment, N-mm_ Mg = absolute value of moment at centerline of the unbraced segment, N-mm. Mc = Absolute value of moment at three- quarter point of the unbraced segment, Nemin = cross-section monosymmetry parameter = 1.0, doubly symmetric members = 1.0, singly symmetric members subjected to single curvature bending In singly symmetric members subjected to reverse ‘curvature bending, the lateral-torsional buckling strength shall be checked for both flanges. The available flexural strength shall be greater than or equal to the maximum required moment causing compression within the flange under consideration, Gy is permitted to be conservatively taken as 1.0 for all cases, For cantilevers or overhangs where the free end is unbraced, Cy = 1.0. User Note: For doubly symmetric members wit transverse loading between brace points, Eq. 506. reduces to 2.27 for the case of equal end moments of ‘opposite sign and to 1.67 when one end moment equals Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc, (ASEP) CHAPTER 5~ Structural Steel 5-63 ‘Table 506.1.1 Selection Table for the Application of Section 506 Sections Section in Section a Cross Section Flange Slendeess | Web Slendemess | Limit States 5062 + > c c yuma 506.3 NCS c LTB, FLB 506.4 NCS cnc Y, LTB, FLB, TFY 506.5 NCS s Y, LTB, FLB, TFY 506.6 NCS NA Y,FLB 506.7 GNGS Y, FLB, WLB 506.8 NA NA Y.LB 506.9 G,NCS NA Y, LTB, FLB 506.10 NA NA Y,LTB, LLB 506.11 NA - NA Y,LTB 306.12 ‘Unsymmetrical shapes WA NK ‘Allin states Y= yielding, LTB = latera-torsional buckling, FLB = flange local buckling, WLB = web local buckling, TFY ~ tension flange yielding, LLB = leg local buckling, LB = local buckling, C= compact, NC = noncompact, $= slender ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc, (ASEP) 5:64 CHAPTER 5 ~ Structural Stee 506.2 Doubly Symmetric Compact I-Shaped Members y"and Channels Bent about their Major Axis ‘This section applies to doubly symmetric [-shaped members ‘and channels bent about their major axis, having compact {webs and compact flanges as defined in Section 502.4 ‘The nominal flexural strength, My, shall be the lower value obtained according to the limit states of yielding (plastic moment) and lateral-torsional buckling 06.2.1. Yielding M, = M, (5062-1) where F, = specified minimum yield stress ofthe type of steel being used, MPa Z = plastie section modulus about the x-axis, mim! 3062.2 Lateral-Torsional Buckling 1. When Ly

be My = ForSx S Mp (506.23) where Ly = Length between points that are ether braced against lateral displacement of compression flange or braced against twist of the cross section, mm +0.07 7 (506.2-4) E = modulus of elasticity of sterl = 200,000 MPa Je = torsional constant, mm* ‘Sq = slasicsetion modulus taken about the x-axis, mm’ User Note: The square root term in Eq. 506.24 may be conservatively taken equal to 1.0. ‘The limiting lengths Lp and Ly are determined as follows: E 1. 76r, (506.25) _ & fie 0.7 Scho)? teenage [lee js vere GES) (5062.6 whee pate (6062-7) Sy and voradosbly smc tatape: = 1 (50624) Forachannel, ¢ =e [2x (506.2-8b) where Ing. = distance between the flange entroids, mm User Note: If the square root term in Eq. 506.24 is ‘conservatively taken equal to 1, Eq. $06.2-6 becomes, = E ts 10.7F, ‘Note that this approximation can be extremely conservative. Ly For doubly symmetric I-shapes with rectangular flanges, 2 ee ts and thus Eq, $06.2-7 becomes Iyh, qa Te 28s ‘71s may be approximated accurately and conservatively as the radius of gyration of the compression flanges plus one sixth of the web: by Ta = ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc, (ASE) 506.3 Doubly Symmetric I-Shaped Members with Compact Webs and Noncompact or Slender Flanges Bent about their Major Axis, ‘This section applies to doubly symmetric I shaped members bent about their major axis having compact webs and noncompact or slender flanges as defined in Section 502.4, ‘The nominal flexural strength, My, shall be the lower value obtained according to the limit states of lateral-torsional buckling and compression lange local buckling. 5063.1 Lateral-Torsional Buckling For fateral-orsional buckling, the provisions of Section 3062.2 shall apply. 506.3.2 Compression Flange Local Buckling 1. For sections with noncompact Manges a- My, (My — 0.7F Sy 2)| (m iv (ee (5063-1) For sections with slender flanges My = 2 Eee (6063-2) ® where by Apy = dy isthe limiting slenderness for a compact flange, Table 502.4.1 and Table 5024.2 Arp = Ar isthe limiting slendemess for a noncompact flange, Table 502.4.1 and Table 502.4.2 < Shlty 0.35 nor greater than 0.76 for calculation purposes. and shall not be taken less than 506.4 Other I-Shaped Members with Compact or Noncompact Webs Bent about their Major Axis ‘This section applies to: (a) doubly symmetric I- shaped ‘members bent about their major axis with noncompact webs; and (b) singly symmetric I-shaped members with webs attached to the mid-width of the flanges, bent about their major axis, with compact or noncompact webs, as defined in Seetion 302.4, CHAPTER 5 Structural Steel 5-6 User Note: I-shaped members for which this section is applicable may be designed conservatively using Section 506.5. The nominal flexural strength, My, shall be the lowest value obtained according to the limit states of compression flange yielding, lateral-torsional buckling, compression Mange local ‘buckling and tension flange yielding. 506.4. Compression Flange Yielding My, = RycMye = RycF ySre (5064-1) 5064.2 Lateral-Torsional Buckling 1, When Ly L, My = FerSxe S RpcMye (506.43) where Myc = FySxe (606.44) Fer = |1+0.078 ) 7 (606.45) Tye For 2£< 0.23. J shall be taken as zero ly The stress, F, is determined as follows: ror S307 or geo. Fy =0.7Fy (506.4-6a) ror #07 or SH Sec Sat F,= Fy 20.5Fy (5064-60) National Structural Code ofthe Philippines Volume I, 7th Edltion, 2015 5.66 CHAPTER 5~ Structural Steel The limiting laterally unbraced length for the limit state of yielding, Ly ar, |E "TF, The limiting unbraced length for the limit state of inclastic lateral-torsional buckling, Ly, is eld Fs Scho? teense | us fre EeEst) (506.4-8) ‘The web plastification factor, Rpe, is determined as, follows: (5064-7) he a For 2 < pw Mp Ree (5064-98) he bo For FE Ap M, a- Rye ae (we-1)( 2) st Myc \Myc Arw — Apw)|~ Mye (5064-90) where My 2qFyS1.6SccFy Sye Sqe= clastic section modulus referred to tension and compression flanges, respectively, mun? a = he ty Apw = Ape the limiting slendemess fora compact web, see Tables 502.4. 1and 502.42 Brw = Aysthe limiting slendemess for a noncompact web, see Tables $02.4. land 502.42 ‘The effective radius of gyration for lateral-torsional buckling, 74, is determined as follows: 1. For shapes with a rectangular compression flange: Pfc (6064-10) n2(e+3 +5 aw ta) where Rot © bythe (506.4-11) bye ~ compression flange width, mm tye = compression flange thickness, mm 2. For I-shapes with channel caps or cover plates attached to the compression flange: ry = radius of gyration of the flange components in flexural compression plus one-third of the web area in compression due to application of major axis, bending moment alone, mm ay, = the ratio of two times the web area in compression due to application of major axis bending moment ‘lone to the area of the compression flange ‘components, User Note: For I-shapes with a rectangular compression flange, Tr may be approximated accurately and conservatively as the radius of gyration of the ‘compression flange plus one-third of the compression portion of the web; in other words, b, fares) 5064.3 Compression Flange Local Buckling 1. For sections withr compact flanges, the limit state of local buckling dacs not apply. 2. For sections with noncompact flanges idl M, 2p Myc — (RpeM ye — FrSxe} ( ie (5064-12) 3. For sections with slender flanges S.SER Sse (5064-13) M, =e where: F = defined in Eqs, $06.4-6a and 506.4-66 Rye = the web plastfication factor, determined by Eqs. 5064-9 ke 4 pe ‘and shall not be taken less than Ji/ty 10.35 nor greater than 0.76 for calculation purposes Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) A= (bye/2tye) py ~ Ap the limiting slenderness fora compact flange, ‘Tables 502.4.1 and 502.4.2 Arg = Ap, the limiting slenderness for a noncompact Mange, Tables 5024.1 and 502.42 5064.4 Tension Flange Yielding 1, When Sy 2 Se the limit state of tension flange yielding does not apply. 2. When Sxr < See My = RyMye (5064-14) where Myt = FySae ‘The web plastifeation factor corresponding to the tension ‘lange yielding limit state, Rye is determined as follows: a. For hy 2, Sao (506.4-15a) Fn") (ieee (506.4-15b) slenderness for a compact web, defined in Tables $02.4.1 and $02.4.2 Aw Aq the limiting slenderness for a non compact web, defined in Tables $02.4.1 and $02.4.2 CHAPTERS Stiuctural Steel 5.67 506.5 Doubly Symmetric and Singly Symmetric I- Shaped Members with Slender Webs Bent about their Major Axis ‘This section applies to doubly symmetric and singly symmetric - shaped members with slender webs attached to the mid-width of the flanges, bent about their major axis, as defined in Section $02.4 ‘The nominal flexural strength, Mr, shall be the lowest value obtained according to the limit states of compression flange yielding, lateraltorsional buckling, compression flange local buckling and tension flange yielding, 06.5.1 Compression Flange Yiel My = RygFySxo (506.5-1) 3065.2 Lateral-Torsional Buckling My = RygFerSee (506.5-2) 1. When Ly < Ly, the limit state of lateral-torsional buckling does not apply. 2. When by < Ly < by roa -0ar (506.5-3) 3. When by > be CyE ae sFy (506.5-4) 7) where pis defined by Ea, 506.4-7 L,=m (5065-5) Rp isthe bending strength reduction factor: 5.7 <10 y (506.5-6) National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7th Edition, 2015 5.68 CHAPTER 5 - Structural Steel where day, * defined by Bg, 506.411 but shall not exceed 10 and Tr > the effective radi of gration for lateral buckling 1s defined in Section 506.4 5065.3 Compression Flange Local Buckling My = RyaFerSxe (506.5-7) 1. For sections with compact flanges, the limit state of compression flange local buckling does not apply. 2. For sections with noncompact flanges (0.3Fy) (5) (5065-8) 3, For sections with slender flange sections Foe= |r (5065.9) where ° " and shall not be taken Tess than 0.35 nor greater than 0.76 for calculation purposes = bye/2tye Ay, the limiting slendemess for a compact flange, Tables 5024.1 and 5024.2 = Ay, the limiting slendemess for a noncompact flange, Tables 502.4.1 and 502.42 506.54 Tension Flange Yielding 1. When Szg 2 Sze. the limit state of tension flange yielding does not apply. 2. When Sx My IM, 921.17 | 1.92-1.17 [ap My = iM, <1.5M, (506.103) where: Mg, the clastic lateral-torsional buckling moment, is determined as follows: 1. Forbending about one ofthe geometric axes of an equal- leg angle with no lateral- torsional restraint. a, With maximum compression at the toe 2 140 7 (7) -1 0.66Eb*tCy rE (506.10-4a) With maximum tension at the toe 0.66Eb*tC, Lt M, = 2S |r 4 0.70(5) +4 (506.10-4b) ‘My shall be taken as 0.80 times the yield moment calculated using the geometric section modulus. ‘Associaton of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) User Note: My, may be taken as My for single angles with their vertical leg toe in compression, and having & span-to- epth ratio less than or equal to ett (sate 2. For bending about one of the geometric axes of an equal-leg angle with lateral-torsional restraint at the point of maximum moment only ‘Mg shall be taken as 1.25 times Mg computed using Eq, 506.10-4a or 506,10-4b ‘My shall be taken as the yield moment calculated using the geometsic section modulus. 3. For bending about the major principal axis of equal-leg angles: 0.46EB?2C, ~ (506.10-5) * L 4. For bending about the major principal axis of unequal- leg angles: ET, Cy 7 Lty? M, == [pp +o. 052° “) +By (506.10-6) where Cy is computed using Eq, $06.1-1 with a maximum value of LS. L_ = laterally unbraced length of a member, mm. [, * minor principal axis moment of inertia, mm’ 1 = radius of gyration for the minor principal axis, tangle le thickness, mm By ~ a section property for unequal leg angles, postive for short legs in compression and negative for long legs in compression. If the long leg is in compression anywhere along the unbraced length of the member, the negative value of By shall be used CHAPTERS — Structural Steel 6-71 506.10.3 Leg Local Buekling The limit state of leg local buckling applies when the toe of the leg is in compression 1. For compact sections, the limit state of leg local buckling does not apply. 2. For sections with noncompact legs by | Fy My = FySe|2.43~1.72(2) [E0610 3. For sections with slender legs My = FerSe (606.108) where: 71E S (@) cutside width of ein compression, am ciate soon modus 1 he tor ip eompression relative to the axis of bending, mm’. For bending, thou one of be geomate aes of a eu leg toale wit ag laoaloonal Samay Sr shal be O80 ofthe geome axe secon dul Fe = 506.11 Rectangular Bars and Rounds This section applies to rectangular bars bent about either geometric axis and rounds. The nominal flexural strength, My, shall be the lower value obtained according to the limit states of yielding (plastic moment and lateral-torsional buckling, as required $06.11. Yielding Ind _ 0.08E eR their major axis, rectangular bars bent about their minor axis, and rounds My, =My = FyZ< 16M, For rectangular bars with bent about (506.11-1) National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7th Edition, 2015 5.72 CHAPTER 5 ~ Structural Steel 306.11.2 Lateral-Torsional Buckling 0.08E Lyd 1.9E 1. Forretngular bas with


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