Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Brain Death Death by Neurologic Criteria.15.en - Es
Brain Death Death by Neurologic Criteria.15.en - Es
:FEK@ELF8L;@F
<EKI<M@JK8 ;@JGFE@9C< :e gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf
;XgXe aTV a
<E CuE<8
;XfVTeZTWb WX [ggc1 ]bheaT f% jj%Vb
89JKI8:KF
Vbag ahh
GIFGvJ@KF ;< C8 I<M@J@vE1<fgX TegzVh b WXfVe UX bf eXdh f gbf ceXi bf cTeT T hXegX VXeXUeT
cbe @A==X<T?a(Yi>,; .a-
hXegX fXZ a Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf 9; ;E: T XiT hTV a V za VT cTeT 9; ;E:
aV h WTf Tf cehXUTf WX TcaXT X hfb WX cehXUTf Thk TeXf l bf WXfTYzbf TfbV TWbf
Vba T WXgXe aTV a WX 9; ;E: Xa cTV XagXf TWh gbf l cXW xge Vbf%
QilWkjT; WX? bGi/l A8OH KMBN jaPidmcm0V ;d=cB )CFH<[h[)VGLWFVgN?i<d=WPg8JY<. -O,XDIgJc0iTgHCdQ;]Z>PB- ,Pl.MOOT j BKT9.]Y?bfBIgXe=dUbA 0P]>P X
?8CC8Q>FJ I<:@<EK<J18hadhX
T WXgXe aTV a WX T hXegX WXUX fXe Vbaf fgXagX XageX
bf yW Vbf l XageX bf [bfc gT Xf XfgTWbf l cTzfXf cTeT ZTeTag mTe dhX T Zh Xa dhX
Xf WXV TeTWb hXegb Xa ha hZTe ab fXT Vbaf WXeTWb i ib Xa bgeb Xk fgX
iTe TU WTW Xa bf eXdh f gbf ceXi bf T XiT hTV a V za VT Tf cehXUTf WX TcaXT l X
hfb WX cehXUTf Thk TeXf% cehXUTf cTeT XiT hTe 9; ;E:% KT U ya Xk fgX VbaYhf a
fbUeX T eXT mTV a WX haT XiT hTV a cTeT 9; ;E: Xa XfVXaTe bf V za Vbf
WXfTY TagXf Vb b cTeT ha cTV XagX dhX Xfgx Xa bk ZXaTV a cbe X UeTaT
XkgeTVbec eXT b ha cTV XagX dhX YhX geTgTWb Vba [ cbgXe T gXeTcyhg VT% <fgb
ch f T VeXTV a WX GeblXVgb DhaW T WX DhXegX :XeXUeT dhX chU V haT
:@K8I :FDF1 WXV TeTV a WX VbafXafb agXeaTV baT fbUeX 9; ;E: dhX [T f Wb eXfcT WTWT cbe
:FEK@ELLD D@EE<8G D@EE V aVb YXWXeTV baXf haW T Xf l ). fbV XWTWXf yW VTf WX gbWb X haWb%
) )(2). , :L@;8;F E<LI:IuK@:F 1
(+++ (+-+%
; e ]T T VbeeXfcbaWXaV T T T ;eT% I<JLD<E1CT WXV TeTV a WX VbafXafb WX GeblXVgb DhaW T WX DhXegX :XeXUeT g XaX Vb b
8e TaX CXj f ; i f a WX 8gXaV a
bU]Xg ib cebcbeV baTe be XagTV a cTeT dhX Tf fbV XWTWXf cebYXf baT Xf l bf cTzfXf eXi fXa b
EXhebVezg VT ;XcTegT Xagbf WX
EXheb bZzT l EXhebV ehZzT EPL WXfTeeb Xa fhf cebc bf cebgbVb bf fbUeX 9; ;E: gXa XaWb Xa VhXagT Tf XlXf T Vh gheT l T
CTaZbaX DXW VT :XagXe , = efg W fcba U WTW WX eXVhefbf bVT Xf2 f a X UTeZb ab eXX c TmT bf XfgxaWTeXf yW Vbf bVT Xf%
8iX ?:: ,8 EhXiT Pbe EP ( (-
:ba XfX Y a T T XfcXeT WX T chU VTV a WX haT ZhzT TVghT mTWT fbUeX T WXgXe aTV a WX
Te TaX% TafTf% Xj f7Z T %Vb %
9; ;E: T b TeZb WX T i WT bf XfgxaWTeXf yW Vbf TVghT XagX TVXcgTWbf cTeT 9; ;E: Xa
bf <fgTWbf La Wbf fba X XfgxaWTe WX T 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT WX ) (
;@MLC>8:@vE ;< I<C8:@vE1
< ;e% CXj f fX WXfX cX T Vb b
cTeT T WXgXe aTV a WX 9; ;E: Xa TWh gbf l X XfgxaWTe WX ) (( WX T JbV XWTW WX DXW V aT
XW gbe TW]hagb WXEXheb bZzTl WX :h WTWbf :ezg Vbf 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX GXW TgezT JbV XWTW WX EXheb bZzT @aYTag
. ( ) )(
;
LJF J@E <K@HL<K8 ;<
;<:C8I8:@vE ;< GIF;L:KFJ LJF @EKIF;L::@vE
;< @EM<JK@>8:@vE1
CT hXegX chXWX WXV TeTefX hg mTaWb Ve gXe bf VTeW bch baTeXf b aXheb Z Vbf
Cbf WbVgbeXf CXj f l B efV[Xa ab aYbe Ta WX
a aZhaT W ih ZTV a%
geTW V baT XagX WXab aTWbfDhXegX VXeXUeT %CT hXegX VXeXUeT hXegX cbe Ve gXe bf
aXheb Z Vbf 9; ;E: fX TVXcgT Vb b hXegX Xa ZeTa cTegX WX haWb%( )JX WXfVbabVX T
aV WXaV T WX T WXV TeTV a 9; ;E: Xa gbWb X haWb cXeb XfghW bf Xc WX b Z Vbf [Ta
n ) )( 8VTWX T 8 Xe VTaT
WX EXheb bZzT% XaVbageTWb dhX XageX X ) l X () WX bf VTfbf
(+++ F:KL9I< ) )(
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
Tf hXegXf WX TWh gbf Xa <fgTWbf La Wbf l <hebcT l X ) WX Tf hXegXf cXW xge VTf Xa GLEKFJ :C8M<
<fgTWbf La Wbf fX WXV TeTa hg mTaWb Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf%) +8hadhX 9; ;E: fX WXV TeT Vba
CT aV WXaV T WX hXegX VXeXUeT
Xabf YeXVhXaV T dhX T hXegX fXZ a Ve gXe bf VTeW bch baTeXf Xf cXeTg ib ( dhX bf
hXegX fXZ a WXV TeTV a WX
aXhe bZbf fXTa XkcXegbf Xa T WXgXe aTV a WX 9; ;E: cTeT Xi gTe WXV TeTV baXf YT fTf Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf%
cbf g iTf Xa Tf dhX fX WXV TeT hXegT T haT cXefbaT dhX Xfgx i iT l ) dhX X cebVXfb fXT <a gbWb X haWb fX WXfVbabVX cXeb
Vbaf fgXagX Xa gbWbf bf [bfc gT Xf XfgTWbf l cTzfXf cTeT ZTeTag mTe dhX T Zh Xa dhX Xf XfghW bf Xc WX b Z Vbf [Ta XaVbageTWb
dhX XageX X ) l X () WX Tf hXegXf WX
WXV TeTWb hXegb Xa ha hZTe ab fXT Vbaf WXeTWb i ib Xa bgeb% <fgX TegzVh b eXi fT T [ fgbe T
TWh gbf Xa bf <fgTWbf La Wbf l <hebcT l
WX 9; ;E: bf XfgxaWTeXf yW Vbf cTeT T WXgXe aTV a WX 9; ;E: l T Zhabf WXfTYzbf X ) WX Tf hXegXf cXW xge VTf Xa bf
TfbV TWbf Vba T WXgXe aTV a WX 9; ;E:% <<%LL%
<fgTWbf La Wbf fX WXV TeTa
hg mTaWb Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf%
8EK<:<;<EK<J ;< DL<IK< :<I<9I8C DL<IK< J<>wE :I@K<I@FJ E<LIFCv>@:FJ < < XfgxaWTe WX GeblXVgb DhaW T
VbaVXcgb WX 9; ;E: fX agebWh]b Xa <hebcT Xa T WyVTWT WX (0, VhTaWb Db TeXg l >bh ba, WX DhXegX :XeXUeT ab ceXgXaWX
abg dhX T Zhabf cTV XagXf Vba Xf baXf VXeXUeT Xf VTgTfge Y VTf dhX XfgTUTa f XaWb eXX c TmTe bf XfgxaWTeXf yW Vbf
bVT Xf2 xf U Xa fh bU]Xg ib Xf
TagXa Wbf Vba iXag TWbeXf XfgTUTa Xa Vb T ab gXazTa eXY X]bf WX gebaVb XaVXYx Vb l ab
cebcbeV baTe be XagTV a cTeT dhX Tf
cbWzTa eXfc eTe XfcbagxaXT XagX% <a (0-/ ha Vb gy h g W fV c aTe b WX T =TVh gTW WX
fbV XWTWXf cebYXf baT Xf l bf cTzfXf
DXW V aT WX ?TeiTeW agebWh]b X ce Xe XfgxaWTe yW Vb cTeT 9; ;E:%-Cbf T bf f Zh XagXf eXi fXa b
XiTeba T T VeXTV a WX XfgxaWTeXf yW Vbf TW V baT Xf cTeT 9; ;E: l T T Vb ceXaf a WX ;XfTeeb Te fhf cebc bf cebgbVb bf
dhX 9; ;E: aXVXf gTUT aVbecbeTefX T T Xl cTeT dhX T fbV XWTW b TVXcgTeT Vb b haT fbUeX hXegX VXeXUeT hXegX
fXZ a Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf
hXegX% <a eXfchXfgT T :b f a GeXf WXaV T cTeT X <fghW b WX GebU X Tf tg Vbf Xa
gXa XaWb Xa VhXagT Tf XlXf bVT Xf
DXW V aT X @aiXfg ZTV a 9 b yW VT l WX :b cbegT Xagb eXWTVg ha XfgTghgb bWX b fbUeX T Vh gheT l T W fcba U WTW WX
T WXgXe aTV a WX T hXegX T CXl WX ;XgXe aTV a La Ybe X WX T DhXegX%. eXVhefbf%
GbfgXe be XagX 9; ;E: YhX TVXcgTWb Vb b hXegX Xa gbWb <fgTWbf La Wbf%/CT 8VTWX T
GXaW XagX WX chU VTV a WX haT
<fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT 88E chU V ha XfgxaWTe cTeT 9; ;E: Xa TWh gbf Xa (00, l
ZhzT TVghT mTWT fbUeX
b TVghT m Xa ) ( %0 ( < >ehcb WX KeTUT]b cTeT T ;XgXe aTV a WX T DhXegX :XeXUeT Xa WXgXe aTV a WX VXeXUeb
E bf chU V ha XfgxaWTe cTeT 9; ;E: Xa UXUyf l a bf Xa (0/.2 Xfgb YhX TVghT mTWb Xa hXegX hXegX cbe Ve gXe bf
) (( cbe T JbV XWTW WX DXW V aT WX :h WTWbf :ezg Vbf J::D T 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX aXheb Z Vbf Xa gbWbf bf Zehcbf WX
XWTW T cTeg e WX aTV Xagb T
WX GXW TgezT 88G l T JbV XWTW WX EXheb bZzT @aYTag :EJ %(( ()
8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX ) (
EXheb bZzT l ) (( JbV XWTW WX
DXW V aT WX :h WTWbf :ezg Vbf
8 cXfTe WX T Xk fgXaV T WX Xfgbf XfgxaWTeXf l WX [XV[b WX dhX ab fX VeXX dhX a aZ a 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX
Cbf XfgxaWTeXf WX T JbV XWTW WX
TfcXVgb WX bf XfgxaWTeXf Xa fz c TagXX WXfTYzbf a[XeXagXf T fh TWbcV a ZXaXeT mTWT Xk fgX
GXW TgezT EXheb bZzT @aYTag f ZhXa
iTe TU WTW Xa X cebVXfb WX XiT hTV a WX 9; ;E: XageX afg ghV baXf WXageb WX bf <fgTWbf
f XaWb bf TVXcgTWbf TVghT XagX%
La Wbf%( 2 8WX xf T WXgXe aTV a WX 9; ;E: Xa gbWb X haWb Xf aVbaf fgXagX%(<fgb <fgxaWTeXf yW Vbf cTeT hXegX
ch f T VeXTV a WX GeblXVgb DhaW T WX DhXegX :XeXUeT N9;G dhX chU V haT VXeXUeT hXegX fXZ a Ve gXe bf
WXV TeTV a WX VbafXafb agXeaTV baT fbUeX 9; ;E: dhX [T f Wb eXfcT WTWT cbe V aVb aXheb Z Vbf Xa bf <fgTWbf La Wbf%
YXWXeTV baXf haW T Xf l ). fbV XWTWXf yW VTf WX gbWb X haWb%)< XfgxaWTe N9;G ab
ceXgXaWX eXX c TmTe bf XfgxaWTeXf yW Vbf bVT Xf2 xf U Xa fh bU]Xg ib Xf cebcbeV baTe
be XagTV a cTeT dhX Tf fbV XWTWXf cebYXf baT Xf l bf cTzfXf eXi fXa b WXfTeeb Xa fhf
cebc bf cebgbVb bf fbUeX 9; ;E: gXa XaWb Xa VhXagT Tf XlXf T Vh gheT l T W fcba U WTW
WX eXVhefbf bVT Xf% Gbe b gTagb T T XfcXeT WX T chU VTV a WX haT ZhzT TVghT mTWT fbUeX T
WXgXe aTV a WX 9; ;E: Xa gbWbf bf Zehcbf WX XWTW T cTeg e WX aTV Xagb bf XfgxaWTeXf
88E WX ) ( l J::D 88G :EJ WX ) (( f ZhXa f XaWb bf XfgxaWTeXf yW Vbf TVghT XagX
TVXcgTWbf cTeT 9; ;E: Xa bf <fgTWbf La Wbf%(+ (,
GI@E:@G@FJ ><E<I8C<J
CTf XiT hTV baXf WX 9; ;E: fb b WXUXa fXe eXT mTWTf cbe cebYXf baT Xf Thgbe mTWbf dhX gXaZTa
XkcXe XaV T Xa X Vh WTWb WX cTV XagXf Vba Xf baXf VXeXUeT Xf WXiTfgTWbeTf l dhX [TlTa f Wb
VTcTV gTWbf Xa T WXgXe aTV a WX 9; ;E: l Xa TfXfbeTe T Tf YT Tf T Y aT WX
:FEK@ELLDAFLIE8C%:FD (++,
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
DL<IK< :<I<9I8C DL<IK< GFI :I@K<I@FJ E<LIFCv>@:FJ
i WT%)8hadhX TVghT XagX ab fX eXdh XeX haT VeXWXaV T Ybe T cTeT WXgXe aTe 9; ;E: bf
cebZeT Tf WX eXf WXaV T l UXVTf WXUXa ZTeTag mTe dhX bf T h abf eXV UTa haT XWhVTV a
TWXVhTWT fbUeX XfgX gX T T geTiyf WX W WxVg VT f h TV baXf l bUfXeiTV a W eXVgT l
cTeg V cTV a Xa T XiT hTV a WX cTV XagXf Vba Xf baXf VXeXUeT Xf VTgTfge Y VTf% KT U ya [Tl
VTcTV gTV a TW V baT W fcba U X Xa zaXT T geTiyf WX EXhebVe g VT :TeX JbV Xgl%W XV fy fGTeT
Xi gTe WXV TeTV baXf WX hXegX YT fTf cbf g iTf bf yW Vbf WXUXa TWbcgTe ha XaYbdhX
VbafXeiTWbe l fXe XfVehch bfbf l TgXagbf T bf WXgT Xf% EhaVT fX WXUX TceXfheTe haT
XiT hTV a WX 9; ;E:% 8WX xf bf cebYXf baT Xf WXUXa XfgTe YT Te mTWbf Vba Tf
W eXVge VXf l XlXf bVT Xf eX Tg iTf T T WXgXe aTV a WX 9; ;E:%)
CT ceXf a TegXe T za T TVXcgTU X cTeT haT XiT hTV a 9; ;E: Xa TWh gbf Xf
haT ceXf a f fg VT ( ?Z b ceXf a TegXe T XW T - ?Z%) (
<a cTV XagXf cXW xge Vbf T ceXf a TegXe T f fg VT b XW T ab WXUX fXe aYXe be T )
WXfi TV baXf XfgxaWTe cbe WXUT]b WX Tf abe Tf Tcebc TWTf cTeT T XWTW%) ()
K89C8 () ( DXW VT Xagbf dhX cbWezTa WTe hZTe T haT WXV TeTV a YT fT cbf g iT WX hXegX
VXeXUeT hXegX fXZ a Ve gXe bf aXheb Z VbfT
UTV bYXab
UTeU g e Vbf
WXk XWXgb W aT
ETeV g Vbf
cebcbYb
8ag WXceXf ibf ge VzV Vbf
mb c WX
@M 4 ageTiXabfb%
TCbf yW Vbf WXUXa fXe VbafV XagXf WX bf XW VT Xagbf dhX cbWezTa WTe hZTe T haT WXV TeTV a YT fT cbf g iT WX hXegX
VXeXUeT hXegX fXZ a Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf% 8dhz fX cebcbeV baTa X]X c bf cXeb XfgT fgT ab Xf Xk[Thfg iT%
(++- F:KL9I< ) )(
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
CT gX cXeTgheT za T TVXcgTU X cTeT haT XiT hTV a 9; ;E: Xf -q: 0- / GLEKFJ :C8M<
X aTWbf TagXf WX T XiT hTV a 9; ;E: D<J8() ( %) ( ()Eb fX WXUX eXT mTe haT XiT hTV a TVV WXagX VXeXUebiTfVh Te fdhy Vb Xf a
9; ;E: [TfgT dhX [TlTa geTafVhee Wb T Xabf , i WTf XW Tf WXfchyf WX T TW a fgeTV a VXeXUeT geTh xg VT UTVgXe TaT
WX XW VT Xagbf dhX WXce Xa X f fgX T aXei bfb VXageT :8JF() ( %) ( ()GhXWX fXe Xa aZ g f i eT
XaVXYT g f [Xcxg VT
aXVXfTe b g X cb TW V baT cTeT TfXZheTe T X aTV a WX XW VT Xagbf dhX WXce Xa X
XaVXYT bcTgzT l
f fgX T aXei bfb VXageT Xa ceXfXaV T WX W fYhaV a eXaT b [Xcxg VT [ cbgXe T eXV XagX h [ WebVXYT T bUfgehVg iT%
bUXf WTW% 8 XiT hTe T cTV XagXf aXbaTgT Xf l cXW xge Vbf gT U ya fX WXUX gXaXe Xa VhXagT
dhX T YTe TVbV ayg VT WX bf XW VT Xagbf iTezT fXZ a T XWTW% GTeT XiT hTe T ceXfXaV T CTf gTV baXf WX hXegX VXeXUeT
hXegX fXZ a Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf
eXf WhT WX Yxe TVbf fX chXWXa X c XTe cehXUTf gbk Vb Z VTf Xa fhXeb h be aT cXeb VTUX
aV hlXa X fzaWeb X WX >h T a 9Teey
fX T Te dhX T hg WTW WX XfgTf cehXUTf Xf gTWT lT dhX ab XiT Ta gbWbf bf TZXagXf a Yh aTagX X Ubgh f b Tf Xf baXf WX
cebcbeV baTa a iX Xf VhTag Y VTWbf WX Yxe TVbf% T yWh T VXei VT T gT Tf beWXWheTf WX
fXec XagXf l T eTU T%
:FEK@ELLDAFLIE8C%:FD (++.
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
DL<IK< :<I<9I8C DL<IK< GFI :I@K<I@FJ E<LIFCv>@:FJ
:8JF () ( LaT h]Xe WX +, T bf Vba TagXVXWXagXf WX [ cXegXaf a YhX XaVbageTWT aVbafV XagX
Xa T TVXeT% =hX aghUTWT cbe bf fXei V bf yW Vbf WX heZXaV T% CT K: WX VTUXmT eXiX
haT ZeTa [X beeTZ T WX bf ZTaZ bf UTfT Xf mdh XeWbf Vba XkgXaf a ageTiXage Vh Te
dhX cebibV [ WebVXYT T bWXeTWT l ( V WX WXfc TmT Xagb WX T zaXT XW T%=@>LI8
() ( % :ba ha ZbgXb WX YXagTa b ab eXfcbaW T T ibm a T Wb be fhf chc Tf gXazTa +
l ab eXTVV baTUTa U TgXeT XagX l bf eXY X]bf VbeaXT Xf l bVh biXfg Uh TeXf
XfgTUTa ThfXagXf% J a X UTeZb gXazT eXY X]bf WX gbf l axhfXTf eXfc eTUT
XkVXf iT XagX X iXag TWbe l XkgXaW X UeTmb l T c XeaT WXeXV[bf cXeb ab cbWzT
eXfc eTe%
c y] Vb T T mdh XeWT% CX W Xeba
fb hV a fT aT [ cXeg a VT l Ta gb l
Vb Xam Vba a VTeW c aT%
8 WzT f Zh XagX lT ab gXazT eXY X]bf
WX gbf a axhfXTf ab eXfc eTUT
XkVXf iT XagX X iXag TWbe l ab bizT
a aZhaT XkgeX WTW Xa eXfchXfgT T
Wb be% JX fhfcXaW X YXagTa b l ab fX
TW a fge xf fb hV a fT aT
[ cXeg a VT a Ta gb %
MX ag VhTgeb [beTf WXfchyf fXZhzT f a
bfgeTe Xi WXaV T V za VT WX
TVg i WTW aXheb Z VT% CT YhaV a eXaT l
[Xcxg VT XeTa abe T Xf% Jh ceXf a
TegXe T XeT WX ( / ?Z l fh
=@>LI8 () (
gX cXeTgheT XeT WX - , o:% @ xZXaXf WX cTV XagX Xa:8JF () (% CT K: VeTaXT Tk T
0. . o= % JX eXT m haT XiT hTV a WX f a VbageTfgX hXfgeT haT ZeTa [X beeTZ T WX bf
hXegX VXeXUeT hXegX fXZ a Ve gXe bf ZTaZ bf UTfT Xf mdh XeWbf dhX fX Xkg XaWX [TfgT bf
gx T bf U TgXeT Xf Tfz Vb b [TfgT X XfXaVyYT b l
aXheb Z Vbf 9; ;E: aV h WT haT
T cebghUXeTaV T Rab fX hXfgeTS % <kgXaf a
cehXUT WX TcaXT% < T XfgTUT
ageTiXage Vh Te ( V WX WXfc TmT Xagb WX T zaXT
cbfgXe be XagX WXV TeTWb hXegb cbe XW T WX mdh XeWT T WXeXV[T l
Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf% JX bUfXeiT [ WebVXYT T bWXeTWT%
:FD<EK8I@F <fgX cTV XagX XfgTUT Xa Vb T WXU Wb T haT Xg b bZzT VbabV WT [X beeTZ T
ageTVXeXUeT % 8hadhX a V T XagX fX TW a fgeTeba fb hV a fT aT [ cXeg a VT l
Ta gb VhTaWb fX Vbaf WXe dhX cbWzTa cebcbeV baTe ha UXaXY V b gXeTcyhg Vb fX
fhfcXaW Xeba haT iXm dhX T Xf a cebZeXf lT dhX ab Xf aXVXfTe b eXT mTe
agXeiXaV baXf cTeT W f ah e T ceXf a ageTVeTaXT f ab fX Vbaf WXeT dhX fXTa
UXaXY V bfbf f c X XagX cTeT X cebc f gb WX WX bfgeTaWb eeXiXef U WTW WX
XfgTWb V za Vb% :b b T i WT XW T WX YXagTa b Xf WX Tcebk TWT XagX + [beTf l X
cTV XagX ab gXazT W fYhaV a eXaT b [Xcxg VT T XiT hTV a WX 9; ;E: fX eXgeTf )+
[beTf xf WX , i WTf XW Tf WXfWX X b Xagb Xa dhX fX fhfcXaW X YXagTa b%)Jh
ceXf a TegXe T l gX cXeTgheT XfgTUTa cbe XaV T WX h UeT za b cTeT T
XiT hTV a 9; ;E:% Gbe gTagb fX Vh c Xeba gbWbf bf eXdh f gbf ceXi bf%
(++/ F:KL9I< ) )(
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
CTf TYXVV baXf aV hlXa XageX bgeTf geTfgbeabf aXheb hfVh TeXf ZeTiXf aXhebcTgzTf GLEKFJ :C8M<
gxVg ThW g iT l i fhT l dhX ab eXT mTa bi Xagbf XW TWbf cbe X VXeXUeb WXfchyf aXheb Z Vbf l cbe b gTagb
eXdhXe e cehXUTf Thk TeXf
WX T Tc VTV a WX Xfg h TV a gxVg Wb bebfT Xa T VTeT l Xa Wbf hZTeXf WX T VTeT%
aV hlXa XageX bgeTf XaYXe XWTWXf
VTWT XkgeX WTW b Xa X VbfgTWb WX VhXecb f YT gT haT XkgeX WTW %) ( ()
aXheb hfVh TeXf ZeTiXf%
JX [Ta bUfXeiTWb ah Xebfbf eXY X]bf XW TWbf cbe T Vb h aT iXegXUeT Xa cTV XagXf dhX geTfgbeabf fXafbe T Xf
Vh c Xa bf Ve gXe bf V za Vbf WX 9; ;E: aV hlXaWb bV bab cbfgheT XkgXafbeT aXhebcTgzTf Xf baXf WX T yWh T
Xfc aT geTh Tg f bf [ aV[Tm a
XfcbagxaXT Z eb agXe gXagX WX T VTUXmT Y Xk a XagT l hXZb XkgXaf a WX bf WXWbf WX bf
dhX bf f beU gT Xf YTV T Xf
c Xf WXWb baWh TWb l XkgXaf a T f TWT WX ch ZTe f Zab WX ch ZTe [TV T Tee UT % % JX [T V ehZzT bYgx VT
VbaY e TWb dhX XfgTf eXfchXfgTf fX be Z aTa cbe WXUT]b WX a iX WX gebaVb WX XaVyYT b TabYgT T l
XW TagX cehXUTf Thk TeXf%)J ab Xfgx V Teb f ha [T TmZb Xfgx XW TWb VXeXUeT XagX Xf g cxa Vb ebgb
X UeTaT%
aXVXfTe b Vbafh gTe Vba bgeb yW Vb b eXT mTe cehXUTf Thk TeXf WXfchyf WX Vb c XgTe X
XkT Xa V za Vb l T cehXUT WX TcaXT%)
Eh Xebfbf Xfc aT XagX
Cbf eXY X]bf WX gebaVb XaVXYx Vb aV h Wbf Xa bf XfgxaWTeXf 88E l N9;G WX ) ( Cbf eXY X]bf XW TWbf g XaXa
fba bf eXY X]bf chc Te VbeaXT bVh bVXYx Vb bVh biXfg Uh Te aThfXbfb l gbf%) ( JX [T bUfXeiTWb Xa cTV XagXf dhX
< XfgxaWTe J::D 88G :EJ WX ) (( aV hlX gbWbf Xfgbf eXY X]bf XkVXcgb X eXY X]b Vh c Xa Ve gXe bf V za Vbf WX hXegX
VXeXUeT hXegX cbe
bVh bVXYx Vb% CT abe T J::D 88G :EJ WX ) (( T ZhT dhX T abe T N9;G gT U ya
:e gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf aV hlXaWb
fX T T T aXVXf WTW WX VbaY e Te T ThfXaV T WX bf eXY X]bf WX fhVV a l U fdhXWT Xa bV bab XfcbagxaXb%
eXV ya aTV Wbf l TVgTagXf%) ()GTeT fXe Vb cTg U X Vba 9; ;E: T XiT hTV a WX eXY X]b cbfgheT XkgXafbeT
chc Te WXUX WX bfgeTe chc Tf Y ]Tf WX gT T b XW Tab b W TgTWTf U TgXeT XagX dhX Z eb agXe gXagX WX T VTUXmT
Y Xk a XagT l hXZb XkgXaf a WX
ab eXfcbaWXa T T Xfg h TV a W eXVgT b VbafXafhT %) ( ()LaT hcT chXWX TlhWTe T
bf WXWbf WX bf c Xf WXWb
YTV gTe T XiT hTV a WX haT eXfchXfgT chc Te% KT U ya fX chXWX Vbaf WXeTe X hfb WX baWh TWb l ch ZTe T f TWb
ha chc Xgeb cXeb ab [T f Wb iT WTWb% < eXY X]b VbeaXT fX XiT T Tc VTaWb haT XkgXaf a f Zab WX ch ZTe [TV T Tee UT %
:FEK@ELLDAFLIE8C%:FD (++0
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
DL<IK< :<I<9I8C DL<IK< GFI :I@K<I@FJ E<LIFCv>@:FJ
K89C8 () ) IXdh f gbf ceXi bf cTeT T hXegX VXeXUeT hXegX fXZ a Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf
<g b bZzT <fgTU XVXe T VThfT WX Vb T XW TagX T <fgTU XVXe dhX X cTV XagX g XaX ha <fgTU XVXe T VThfT WX Vb T
[ fgbe T X XkT Xa Tf aXheb xZXaXf l Tf W TZa fg Vb VbabV Wb dhX [T
<kV h e VbaW V baXf WX gTV a
cehXUTf WX TUbeTgbe b% eXfh gTWb Xa Vb T eeXiXef U X%
GXe bWb WX bUfXeiTV a <i WXaV T afhY V XagX cTeT WXgXe aTe CT XiT hTV a WX T YhaV a >TeTag mTe haT TWXVhTWT
TagXf WX ce Xeb b za T XagX TVXcgTU X aXheb Z VT chXWX ab fXe VbaY TU X GXezbWb WX bUfXeiTV a cXVTe cbe X
aXheb Z Vb GXezbWb WX bUfXeiTV a cTeT ZTeTag mTe T a XW TgT XagX WXfchyf TWb WX T ceXVThV a TagXf WX T
XkT Xa cyeW WT eeXiXef U X WX T YhaV a WX VXeXUeb% VTeW bch baTe XiT hTV a%
T eXTa TV a h bgeTf Xf baXf
Dza b WX )+ [beTf WXfchyf WX ha cTeb
VXeXUeT Xf TZhWTf ZeTiXf l T
VTeWzTVb eXTa TWb eXVT XagT Xagb
XiT hTV a WX hXegX VXeXUeT
WXfchyf WX [ cbgXe T gXeTcyhg VT b
WXUXa cbfcbaXefX WX )+ T +/
TfY k T T aTVXe%
[beTf b xf f Xk fgXa WhWTf b
aVbaf fgXaV Tf Xa X XkT Xa%
@eeXiXef U WTW <fgTU XVXe dhX T Xf a VXeXUeT Xf <fgTU XVXe dhX T Xf a VXeXUeT Xf <fgTU XVXe dhX T Xf a VXeXUeT Xf
eeXiXef U X eeXiXef U X eeXiXef U X
(+, F:KL9I< ) )(
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
:FEK@Ew8 ;< C8 Gs>@E8 (+,
XkV h e T agbk VTV a <kV h e agbk VTV a cbe VhT dh Xe fhfgTaV T <kV h e T agbk VTV a cbe VhT dh Xe <kV h e T agbk VTV a cbe VhT dh Xe
dhX chXWT WXce e X f fgX T aXei bfb fhfgTaV T dhX chXWT WXce eX fhfgTaV T dhX chXWT WXce eX
VXageT XW TagX TagXVXWXagXf Tax f f WX f fgX T aXei bfb VXageT T Vb[b f fgX T aXei bfb VXageT XW TagX
WebZTf TfXZhexaWbfX WX dhX X a iX fye Vb Yxe TVbf Tag Xc ycg Vbf haT cehXUT WX WXgXVV a WX WebZTf
Xfgy cbe WXUT]b WX eTaZb gXeTcyhg Vb l UTeU g e Vbf TaXfgyf Vbf TfXZhexaWbfX WX dhX X a iX fye Vb
XfcXeTaWb T Xabf , fX i WTf gXa XaWb ageTiXabfbf a[T TWbf bc b WXf ab XkVXWT X eTaZb gXeTcyhg Vb l
Xa VhXagT T W fYhaV a [Xcxg VT b eXaT % fXWTagXf TfXZhexaWbfX WX dhX X a iX XfcXeTaWb T Xabf , fX i WTf
fye Vb Xfgy XageX UT]b l gXa XaWb Xa VhXagT T W fYhaV a
eTaZb gXeTcyhg Vb XW b l [Xcxg VT b eXaT %
8fXZ eXfX WX dhX X a iX WX T Vb[b Xa fTaZeX fXT aYXe be T
XfcXeTaWb iTe Tf i WTf XW Tf
/ % 8fXZ eXfX WX dhX X a iX WX T Vb[b Xa
Vb cebUTaWb bf a iX Xf%
<kV h e 8fXZheTe T ceXfXaV T WX VhTgeb VbageTVV baXf <iT hTe T YhaV a aXei bfT Vba ha <kV h e YTe TVb Z Vb
YTe TVb Z Vb Vba xk T Xfg h TV a VhU gT % Xfg h TWbe aXei bfb% cTex f f Vba ha Xfg h TWbe
cTex f f WX aXei bf cXe Yye Vbf geT a
bYYbheTb WX bfgeTaWb T
ceXfXaV T WX eXY X]bf
gXaW abfbf cebYhaWbf
CTUbeTgbe b <kV h e T gXeTV baXf X XVgeb zg VTf @WXag Y VTe l geTgTe Tf VThfTf :beeXZ e geTfgbeabf
cTex Xgebf TV WbUxf VTf l XaWbVe aTf ZeTiXf% eXiXef U Xf WX Vb T dhX XgTU Vbf xV Wb UTfX l
agXeY XeXa Vba T XiT hTV a XaWbVe abf ZeTiXf dhX
V za VT aV h Wbf bf geTfgbeabf cbWezTa TYXVgTe X XkT Xa%
X XVgeb zg Vbf ZeTiXf%
[ cXeZ hVX Tb
[ cbZ hVX T T gXeTV baXf
ZeTiXf WX c? W fYhaV a
[Xcxg VT b eXaT ZeTiX l XeebeXf
VbaZya gbf WX XgTUb f b
:FEK@ELLDAFLIE8C%:FD (+,(
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
DL<IK< :<I<9I8C DL<IK< GFI :I@K<I@FJ E<LIFCv>@:FJ
K89C8 () <kT Xa V za Vb XfcXV Y VTV baXf WX XkT aTWbe cTeT hXegX VXeXUeT hXegX fXZ a
Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf
:hT Y VTV baXf WX Eb fX aW VT DyW Vbf geTgTagXf VT Y VTWbf Cbf cebYXf baT Xf dhX [TlTa Vb c XgTWb fh
XkT aTWbeXf l Vb cXgXagXf cTeT eXT mTe X Ybe TV a g XaXa VXaV T cTeT
XkT Xa WX hXegX XaVXYx VT% ceTVg VTa T XW V aT WX Ybe T
aWXcXaW XagX l Xfgxa VTcTV gTWbf cTeT
WXgXe aTe 9; ;E: TfXfbeTe T Tf YT Tf
<fcXV T WTW WX Vh WTWbf Vezg Vbf
T Y aT WX T i WT l TaX]Te
cXW xge Vbf aXheb bZzT cXW xge VT
Xf baXf VXeXUeT Xf WXiTfgTWbeTf
aXbaTgb bZzT TaXfgXf b bZzT cXW xge VT
Vba Ybe TV a Xa Vh WTWbf Vezg Vbf Cbf cTV XagXf cXW xge Vbf WXUXa fXe
aXhebV ehZzT cXW xge VT b V ehZzT XiT hTWbf cbe yW Vbf cXW xge Vbf
geTh Tgb Z VT cXW xge VT% XkcXe XagTWbf Vba XfcXV T WTW Xa
aXbaTgb bZzT aXhebV ehZzT Vh WTWbf
Cbf XfcXV T fgTf TWh gbf WXUXa gXaXe haT
Vezg Vbf cXW xge Vbf Vh WTWbf
Ybe TV a aXheb Z VT l WX Vh WTWbf Vezg Vbf
aXheb agXaf ibf cXW xge Vbf aXheb bZzT
TWXVhTWT cTeT W TZabfg VTe T hXegX
cXW xge VT b V ehZzT geTh Tgb Z VT%
XaVXYx VT T TgXaWXe T cTV XagX cXW xge Vb
WXfWX X aTV Xagb [TfgT bf (/ T bf WX XWTW%
:b cbaXagXf WX <iT hTV a cTeT <iT hTV a WX YT gT WX eXfchXfgT <iT hTV a WX YT gT WX eXfchXfgT
V za Vb YT gT WX eXfchXfgT
XkT Xa
<iT hTV a WX ThfXaV T WX <iT hTV a WX ThfXaV T WX eXfchXfgT <iT hTV a WX ThfXaV T WX eXfchXfgT
eXfchXfgT bgbeT WX VTeT bgbeT WX VTeT XkgeX WTWXf% bgbeT WX VTeT XkgeX WTWXf%
XkgeX WTWXf%
<iT hTV a WX T ThfXaV T <iT hTV a WX ThfXaV T WX <iT hTV a WX T ThfXaV T WX eXY X]bf
WX bVh bVXYx Vbf l eXY X]b bVh biXfg Uh Te% bVh bVXYx Vbf l bVh biXfg Uh TeXf%
eXY X]bf bVh biXfg Uh TeXf
<iT hTV a WX ThfXaV T WX <iT hTV a WX ThfXaV T WX eXY X]b <iT hTV a WX ThfXaV T WX
eXY X]b VbeaXT % VbeaXT % eXY X]b VbeaXT %
<iT hTV a WX T ThfXaV T WX <iT hTV a WX T ThfXaV T WX eXY X]bf <iT hTV a WX T ThfXaV T WX eXY X]bf
eXY X]bf aThfXbfbf l WX gbf% aThfXbfbf l WX gbf% aThfXbfbf l WX gbf%
(+,) F:KL9I< ) )(
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
;X TVhXeWb Vba bf XfgxaWTeXf 88E WX ) ( l J::D 88G :EJ WX ) (( X
XfgxaWTe N9;G aW VT dhX X a Xeb za b WX Xkx XaXf V za Vbf cTeT 9;
;E: Xf hab cTeT TWh gbf l Wbf cTeT cTV XagXf cXW xge Vbf%) ( ()
J a X UTeZb Xa gbWb X haWb X a Xeb za b WX Xkx XaXf V za Vbf cTeT 9; ;E:
iTezT%(CT eTm a cTeT eXT mTe xf WX ha XkT Xa Xf dhX W f ahlX X cbgXaV T WX Xeebe
WX W TZa fg Vb l chXWX Th XagTe T VbaY TamT YT Te Xa haT WXV TeTV a WX 9; ;E:%)
J a X UTeZb ab Xk fgX a aZhaT eTm a Y f b Z VT cbe T dhX fXT aXVXfTe b xf WX ha
XkT Xa b cbe X dhX X a Xeb WX Xkx XaXf W Y XeT fXZ a T XWTW% CT abe T J::D
88G :EJ WX ) (( fX T T dhX X cXezbWb WX bUfXeiTV a XageX X ce Xe l fXZhaWb
XkT Xa V za Vb WXUX fXe WX )+ [beTf cTeT eXV ya aTV Wbf XageX . fX TaTf WX XWTW
ZXfgTV baT Xfg TWT l WzTf WX XWTW l WX () [beTf cTeT TVgTagXf l a bf TlbeXf WX
WzTf WX XWTW% T (/ T bf WX XWTW%()EhXiT XagX a aZ a WTgb eXfcT WT haT WheTV a
cTeg Vh Te WX cXezbWb WX bUfXeiTV a% :b b eXfh gTWb X XfgxaWTe N9;G XaYTg mT dhX
fX WXUX cXe g e ha cXezbWb WX bUfXeiTV a TWXVhTWb TagXf WX T XiT hTV a WX 9;
;E: cXeb dhX ab Xk fgX a aZhaT ]hfg Y VTV a V XagzY VT cTeT ha cXezbWb WX bUfXeiTV a
XageX Xkx XaXf f fX eXT mT xf WX ha XkT Xa%
Xf agXeceXgTWb%)
< cebc f gb WX T cehXUT WX TcaXT Xf WXgXe aTe f bf dh beeXVXcgbeXf XWh TeXf dhX
WXUXezTa Xfg h Te T eXfc eTV a Xa X VbagXkgb WX [ cXeVTca T l TV Wbf f fba YhaV baT Xf%
) ( () (.;Xfchyf WX T ceXbk ZXaTV a T cehXUT WX TcaXT fX eXT mT eXg eTaWb T iXag TV a
XVxa VT agXe gXagX l bUfXeiTaWb Tf eXfc eTV baXf XfcbagxaXTf% <a TWh gbf T [ cbk T fX
Xi gT Vb bVTaWb ha VTgygXe WX afhY TV a dhX gXaZT Xabf WX . WX W x Xgeb WX ghUb
XaWbgeTdhXT l TW a fgeX [TfgT - C a WX bkzZXab Xfgbf z gXf Xk fgXa cTeT W f ah e X
e XfZb WX aXh bg eTk % 2 J Xf aXVXfTe b gT U ya fX chXWX hg mTe ceXf a cbf g iT Vbag ahT
Xa Tf izTf eXfc eTgbe Tf :G8G %) ( (.<a UXUyf l a bf T afhY TV a geTdhXT ZXaXeT XagX ab
fX eXT mT WXU Wb T T ZeTa ceXbVhcTV a WX dhX fh Xabe VTcTV WTW ch baTe chXWT
cbaXe bf Xa Tlbe e XfZb WX X aTV a WX W k Wb WX VTeUbab b dhX chXWX eXgeTfTe b
cXW e T Y aT mTV a WX T cehXUT b UTebgeTh T Xa bf ch baXf%) (.Gbe b gTagb Xa XfgX
Zehcb WX XWTW T bk ZXaTV a fX cebcbeV baT T geTiyf WX ha V eVh gb Xa Ybe T WX K VbaXVgTWb
T ghUb XaWbgeTdhXT Vba haT ix ih T WX ceXf a cbf g iT T Y aT WX T Xfc eTV a dhX YhaV baT
b :G8G Vba haT Ub fT WX TaXfgXf T b iXag TWbe dhX fX aY T cbe Y h]b%) () (/
:FEK@ELLDAFLIE8C%:FD (+,
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
DL<IK< :<I<9I8C DL<IK< GFI :I@K<I@FJ E<LIFCv>@:FJ
K89C8 () + GehXUT WX TcaXT cTeT hXegX VXeXUeT hXegX fXZ a Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf
E Xeb WX TcaXT Lab ;bf Lab Xa TWh gbf l Wbf Xa cTV XagXf
cehXUTf cXW xge Vbf
:bageT aW VTV baXf <i WXaV T ceXi T WX eXgXaV a WX CXf a WX T Vb h aT VXei VT T gT CXf a WX T Vb h aT VXei VT T gT
W k Wb WX VTeUbab bUXf WTW ZeTiX b
GeXbVhcTV baXf WX fXZhe WTW cTeT X ? cbkX T Ve a VT WXU WT T
XaYXe XWTW ch baTe bUfgehVg iT
cTV XagX c% X]% T gb eXdhXe Xagb VTeW bcTgzT V Ta g VT%
Ve a VT
WX bkzZXab b VbaY ZheTV a WX
iXag TWbe
KyVa VT GeXbk ZXaTe WheTagX T Xabf ( GeXbk ZXaTe WheTagX , T ( ahgbf Vba GeXbk ZXaTe WheTagX T Xabf (
ahgbf Vba bkzZXab T ( T GT bkzZXab T ( % ahgbf Vba bkzZXab T ( %
b[)5) ?Z
8fXZheTe T abe T mTV a WX c? l TfXZheTe cT:F) , +, ?Z
TfXZheTe cT:F) , +, ?Z GT%:F) XW Wb XW TagX Tax f f
GeXfXeiTe T bk ZXaTV a Vba ha
WX ZTfXf Xa fTaZeX TegXe T
IXWhV e T YeXVhXaV T WX iXag TWbe T ( VTgygXe WX afhY TV a Vb bVTWb T
eXfc eTV baXf cbe ahgb% @agXeeh c e T iXag TV a geTiyf WX ghUb XaWbgeTdhXT
bU ZTgbe T agXe gXagX XkVXcgb Xa eXV ya aTV Wbf
IXWhV e T ceXf a cbf g iT T Y aT WX T
TVgTagXf b a bf cXdhX bf
Xfc eTV a T , V ?%)b[ :baXVgX ha V eVh gb Vba c XmT Xa K
b ha f fgX T WX ix ih T WX Ub fT :baf WXeX X hfb WX :G8G Xa X iXag TWbe
;XfVbaXVgX X iXag TWbe
Thgb aY TU X Vb b ha V eVh gb b XW TagX Ub fT WX eXTa TV a%
GeXfXeiTe T bk ZXaTV a Vba ha VTgygXe DTc Xfba T ghUb XaWbgeTdhXT b
WX afhY TV a Vb bVTWb T geTiyf WX hfX :G8G f Xf aXVXfTe b%
ghUb XaWbgeTdhXT dhX fh a fgeT
bkzZXab T ( T-C a%
Lg VX ha V eVh gb WX c XmT Xa K b
ceXf a cbf g iT Vbag ahT Xa Tf izTf
eXfc eTgbe Tf :G8G f Xf aXVXfTe b
GehXUT WX TcaXT GXaf iTa T:F) - ?Z b ) ?Z cbe GXaf iTa T:F) - ?Z l ) c? 3. l GT:F) - ?Z T Xabf dhX
bU]Xg ib XaV T WX iT be a V T ?Z cbe XaV T WX iT be X cTV XagX gXaZT [ cXeVTca T
aVT ceXXk fgXagX Xa Vhlb VTfb X bU]Xg ib
WXUX fXe ) ?Z cbe XaV T WX iT be
a V T f fX VbabVX
ITmbaXf cTeT TUbegTe fTaZeX f fg VT aXfgTU WTW [X bW ax VT IXfc eTV baXf XfcbagxaXTf
cehXUTf ceXf a 30 ?Z ceXfXaV TWTf%
JTgheTV a WX bkzZXab 3/,
JTgheTV a WX bkzZXab 3/, cTeT GeXf a TegXe T f fg VT 3(
GXaf iTa T:F)a iX WX Eb fX
5 fXZhaWbf ?Z b ceXf a TegXe T
chXWXa T VTamTe - ?Z
XW T 3- ?Z
8ee g T aXfgTU X
(+,+ F:KL9I< ) )(
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
<a gbWb X haWb Xfgbf XfgxaWTeXf ab XaYTg mTa X cTVgb WX T TV Wbf f Xa bf GLEKFJ :C8M<
ZhT dhX T abe T N9;G ceb hXiXa T Ybe h TV a WX T hXegX Xa gbWb X VXeXUeb W k Wb Xa T fTaZeX TegXe T %
:FEK@ELLDAFLIE8C%:FD (+,,
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
DL<IK< :<I<9I8C DL<IK< GFI :I@K<I@FJ E<LIFCv>@:FJ
K89C8 () , GehXUTf Thk TeXf WX hXegX VXeXUeT hXegX fXZ a Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf
@aW VTV baXf :b cbaXagXf WX Cbf Vb cbaXagXf WX XkT Xa ab fX Cbf Vb cbaXagXf WX XkT Xa ab fX
X XkT Xa ab chXWX fXe chXWXa Vb c XgTe WXU Wb T T chXWXa Vb c XgTe WXU Wb T T
Vb c XgTWb WXU Wb T T VbaW V a yW VT fhUlTVXagX% VbaW V a yW VT fhUlTVXagX%
VbaW V a yW VT fhUlTVXagX
@aVXeg Wh UeX fbUeX T VbaY TU WTW @aVXeg Wh UeX Vba eXfcXVgb T T agXeceXgTV a WX
@aVXeg Wh UeX fbUeX X WX cTegXf WX XkT Xa aXheb Z Vb bf eXY X]bf bgbeXf XW TWbf cbe T Vb h aT
= TU WTW WX cTegXf WX
Eb fX chXWX eXT mTe T cehXUT WX TcaXT CXf a WX T Vb h aT VXei VT T gT
XkT Xa aXheb Z Vb%
GhXWX [TUXe XYXVgb WX XW VTV a @aVXeg Wh UeX fbUeX T X aTV a WX XW VT Xagbf
Eb fX chXWX eXT mTe T
cehXUT WX TcaXT IXWhV e X cXezbWb WX bUfXeiTV a XageX KeTfgbeabf XgTU Vbf xV Wb UTfX b
Xkx XaXf% XaWbVe abf ZeTiXf dhX ab fX chXWXa
VbeeXZ e l dhX fX Vbaf WXeT dhX
GhXWX fXe g cbe eTmbaXf fbV T Xf
cbgXaV T XagX Vbage UhlXa T T cyeW WT
cXe g XaWb dhX bf X Uebf WX T YT T
WX T YhaV a VXeXUeT %
Vb ceXaWTa X]be X W TZa fg Vb WX 9; ;E:
JX f ZhX T Ybe h TV a WX hXegX
XaVXYx VT gbgT l Xk fgX cTgb bZzT
T f TWT WX gebaVb XaVXYx Vb
8VXcgTU X :TgygXe WX VhTgeb iTfbf 8aZ bZeTYzT Vba VTgygXe WX VhTgeb iTfbf 8aZ bZeTYzT Vba VTgygXe WX VhTgeb iTfbf
cehXUTf TaZ bZeTYzT
<<> <kc beTV a WX Y h]b fTaZhzaXb VXeXUeT Vba
<kc beTV a WX Y h]b fTaZhzaXb VXeXUeT Vba eTW ba V Wbf ;bcc Xe geTafVeTaXT fb b TWh gbf
eTW ba V Wbf
<<> fb b f b Xk ZX T Xl b cb zg VT
;bcc Xe geTafVeTaXT eXZ baT b f Xf VeTaXbiTfVh Te
T cXWTaV T fX [T i fgb TYXVgTWT cbe
haT YeTVgheT TU XegT WX VexaXb haT
VeTa XVgb zT WXfVb ceXf iT b haT
YbagTaX T fhgheTf TU XegTf Xa Vhlb VTfb
WXUX eXT mTefX ]hagb Vba cbgXaV T Xf
XibVTWbf ThW g ibf fb TgbfXafbe T Xf l
WX gebaVb XaVXYx Vb%
9; ;E: 4 hXegX XaVXYx VT hXegX cbe Ve gXe b aXheb Z Vb2 <<> 4 X XVgebXaVXYT bZeTYzT%
(+,- F:KL9I< ) )(
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
La a b WX , T bf ceXi T XagX fTab Vba haT aYXVV a i eT eXV XagX WX :8JF () )
Tf izTf eXfc eTgbe Tf fhcXe beXf TVhW T fXei V b WX heZXaV Tf Vba Y XUeX
W f ahV a WX T aZXfgT beT l T gXeTV a WX XfgTWb XagT % <a
heZXaV Tf ceXfXag gTdh VTeW T X [ cbgXaf a cbe b dhX fX X TW a fge
Ve fgT b WX% GbfgXe be XagX cXeW X ch fb l ab eXfcbaW % =hX aghUTWb l
fX a V eXTa TV a VTeW bch baTe% JX eXT m eXTa TV a
VTeW bch baTe WheTagX ., ahgbf Vba eXgbeab WX T V eVh TV a
WXfchyf WX T VTah TV a Xa bk ZXaTV a cbe X UeTaT XkgeTVbec eXT
<:DF iXabTegXe T % CX W TZabfg VTeba bVTeW g f i eT % Jh YhaV a
VTeWzTVT eXaT l [Xcxg VT X]be Xa bf WzTf f Zh XagXf%
<a X WzT WX <:DF fX bUfXei dhX XeT [ cXegXafb l UeTW VxeW Vb l dhX gXazT
chc Tf ab eXTVg iTf% CT K: VeTaXT WX bfge Xf a [ c k Vb fdhy VT ZeTiX Vba
cyeW WT WX W YXeXaV TV a U TaVb Ze fxVXT l XWX T VXeXUeT XkgXafb Vba [Xea T% Jh
YT T eXV U aYbe TV a TVghT mTWT fbUeX Tf xZXaXf l fh XkT Xa V za Vb l fX X
W ]b dhX T Xdh cb X ceXbVhcTUT dhX chW XeT [TUXe cXeW Wb gbWTf Tf YhaV baXf WX
VXeXUeb l dhX chW XeT Vh c e Vba bf Ve gXe bf WX hXegX VXeXUeT hXegX fXZ a
Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf 9; ;E: % JX fhfcXaW Xeba bf fXWTagXf l X U bdhXb
aXheb hfVh Te% :hTeXagT l bV[b [beTf WXfchyf ab bfge Xi WXaV T WX eXVhcXeTV a
aXheb Z VT% ?TUzT eXY X]bf gXaW abfbf cebYhaWbf% ;Xfchyf WX TfXZheTefX WX dhX fX
XkV hlXeTa bf YTVgbeXf WX VbaYhf a l fX Vh c XeTa bf eXdh f gbf ceXi bf fX eXT m
haT XiT hTV a V za VT cTeT 9; ;E:% JX XaVbage dhX XfgTUT Xa Vb T Vba TeeXY Xk T
WX gebaVb XaVXYx Vb% ;Xfchyf WX T ceXbk ZXaTV a T geTiyf WX iXag TWbe l X V eVh gb
<:DF haT ZTfb XgezT TegXe T eXiX ha c? WX . + GT:F)WX + ?Z l GTb[)WX )(
?Z% < Y h]b WX ZTf WX UTee Wb fX eXWh]b T , a l fX Vb bV T cTV XagX Xa
ceXf a cbf g iT Vbag ahT Xa Tf izTf eXfc eTgbe Tf :G8G Vba haT Ub fT WX TaXfgXf T
dhX fX aY T cbe Y h]b Vba haT ceXf a cbf g iT T Y aT WX T Xfc eTV a Xdh iT XagX T T
ceXf a cbf g iT T Y aT WX T Xfc eTV a WX iXag TWbe% JX Xai Teba ZTfXf fTaZhzaXbf
fXe TWbf WXfWX T zaXT TegXe T eTW T WX cTV XagX l X cbfgbk ZXaTWbe WX V eVh gb
<:DF cTeT XW e X c? l T GT%:F)% ;Xfchyf WX () ahgbf T Ubf ZTfXf fTaZhzaXbf
bfgeTeba c? 3. l GT:F) - ?Z% 8 WzT f Zh XagX fX eXc g X XkT Xa V za Vb l T
cehXUT WX TcaXT WXV TexaWbfX YT XV Xagb%
<fgX cTV XagX gXazT haT Xf a VXeXUeT [ c k VT fdhy VT ZeTiX WXfchyf WX ha cTeb :FD<EK8I@F
:FEK@ELLDAFLIE8C%:FD (+,.
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
DL<IK< :<I<9I8C DL<IK< GFI :I@K<I@FJ E<LIFCv>@:FJ
haT YeTVgheT WX VexaXb b haT YbagTaX T TU XegT b dhX ZXaXeT WhWTf fbUeX T ceXV f a WX ha
XfghW b WX Y h]b fTaZhzaXb%) ( ()<fgb fX Tge UhlX T [XV[b WX dhX X <<> XiT T ce aV cT XagX
T VbegXmT l chXWX iXefX VbaYhaW Wb cbe Yxe TVbf XW VT Xagbf [ cbgXe T l geTfgbeabf
XgTU Vbf%)
;Xfchyf WX eXT mTe T Tlbe cTegX cbf U X WX T XiT hTV a V za VT l T cehXUT WX TcaXT f
bf [T TmZbf fba Vbaf fgXagXf Vba 9; ;E: l Tf cehXUTf Thk TeXf fba Vbaf fgXagXf Vba 9;
;E: X b Xagb WX T hXegX Xf X b Xagb Xa dhX bf eXfh gTWbf WX Tf cehXUTf Thk TeXf
fba Ybe T Xf% agXeceXgTWb l WbVh XagTWb%)
=@>LI8 () )
<]X c bf WX dhy WXV e T [TU Te Vba Tf YT Tf fbUeX hXegX VXeXUeT hXegX fXZ a Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf% CT
Vb ha VTV a fbUeX hXegX VXeXUeT hXegX fXZ a Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf chXWX fXe ha WXfTYzb% <fgbf X]X c bf
chXWXa TlhWTe T XWhVTe T Tf YT Tf l T f b g X cb fXag e X cTgzT Vba X Tf TVXeVT WX T Xf a VXeXUeT
VTgTfge Y VT WX fh YT Te%
(+,/ F:KL9I< ) )(
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
LaT h]Xe WX - T bf aZeXf Xa T ha WTW WX Vh WTWbf agXaf ibf Vba haT :8JF ()
[X beeTZ T ageTVXeXUeT VTgTfge Y VT% < ce Xe WzT WX [bfc gT mTV a X
aXhe bZb X Xkc V T T [ ]T WX T cTV XagX dhX yfgT [TUzT fhYe Wb haT Xf a
VXeXUeT hl ZeTiX% < aXhe bZb Xkc V dhX T cTV XagX gbWTizT bfgeTUT f Zabf
fhg Xf WX YhaV a VXeXUeT cXeb dhX XeT cbf U X dhX T Xf a VXeXUeT X cXbeTeT
l cXeW XeT XfgTf YhaV baXf% < aXhe bZb fX T TWX xf dhX T cyeW WT WX gbWTf
Tf YhaV baXf WX VXeXUeb f Za Y VTezT dhX T cTV XagX XfgTUT XZT XagX hXegT
Vb b f fh VbeTm a l fhf ch baXf [hU XeTa WX]TWb WX YhaV baTe%
JX aXVXf gTa cTV XaV T l X cTgzT VhTaWb fX [TU T WX 9; ;E: Vba T YT T WX ha cTV XagX% :FD<EK8I@F
:FEK@ELLDAFLIE8C%:FD (+,0
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
DL<IK< :<I<9I8C DL<IK< GFI :I@K<I@FJ E<LIFCv>@:FJ
X XkT Xa V za Vb ab VT U T cTeT bf cTV XagXf Xa <:DF% JX WXUX gXaXe Vh WTWb cTeT Xi gTe X
WXfc TmT Xagb WX Tf Vxah Tf WX <:DF WheTagX cebVXW Xagbf Vb b Tf cehXUTf WX eXY X]b
bVh bVXYx Vb%
Cbf ce aV c bf Y f b Z Vbf WX T cehXUT WX TcaXT fba bf f bf cTeT bf cTV XagXf dhX
eXdh XeXa Tcblb XkgeTVbec eXb l cTeT bf dhX ab% Cbf cTV XagXf WXUXa WX bfgeTe ThfXaV T WX
eXfc eTV baXf XfcbagxaXTf Xa VTfb WX [ cXeVTca T l TV Wbf f% CT cehXUT WX TcaXT T XahWb
fX chXWX eXT mTe WX TaXeT fXZheT Xa cTV XagXf dhX eXV UXa <:DF gTagb iXabTegXe T Vb b
iXabiXabfT ThadhX fX WXUX eXVbabVXe dhX X cbgXaV T WX aXfgTU WTW [X bW ax VT dhX
eXdh XeT T agXeehcV a WX T cehXUT Xf Tlbe Xa XfgT cbU TV a WX cTV XagXf%) )(Cbf
cTV XagXf WXUXa fXe
K89C8 () - :b ha VTV a fbUeX hXegX VXeXUeT hXegX fXZ a Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf
:b ha VTV a @aYbe Te T fhfg ghgb WX cTV XagX fbUeX Cbf yW Vbf Xfgxa bU ZTWbf T Ue aWTe Cbf Xdh cbf WX TgXaV a WX fT hW WXUXa
TagXf WX cebUTe T agXaV a WX eXT mTe ha Tcblb l be XagTV a T Tf YT Tf XfgTe VTcTV gTWbf Xa fXaf U WTW Vh gheT l
XiT hTV a cTeT 9; ;E: VhTaWb XaYeXagTa WXV f baXf W YzV Xf Vb ha VTV a l geTgTe T gbWTf Tf cXefbaTf l
fbUeX X Y aT WX T i WT l YT Tf Vba eXfcXgb%
agXagTe Vb ceXaWXe dhy X [T
CTf YT Tf WXUXa eXV U e Tcblb
fhVXW Wb T fh [ ]b
l XWhVTV a TagXf WX T
GXe g e dhX Tf YT Tf Xfgya ceXfXagXf XiT hTV a 9; ;E: WheTagX T
WheTagX T XiT hTV a chXWX TlhWTe Xf T XiT hTV a l WXfchyf
Vb ceXaWXe dhX fh [ ]b [T hXegb% agXeehcV a WX fbcbegX WX eZTabf
JX WXUX ai gTe T Tf YT Tf T
bUfXeiTe T XiT hTV a%
EXVXf WTW WX VbafXag Xagb J a bU ZTV a WX bUgXaXe X VbafXag Xagb Eb W fVhg Wb Eb [Tl bU ZTV a WX bUgXaXe X VbafXag Xagb
TagXf WX T XiT hTV a V za VT T cehXUT WX
TcaXT b Tf cehXUTf Thk TeXf%
(+- F:KL9I< ) )(
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
ceXbk ZXaTWb T geTiyf WX iXag TWbe l WX V eVh gb <:DF% 8 ZhT dhX Vba Tf cehXUTf WX
TcaXT VbaiXaV baT Xf T bf cTV XagXf fX Xf eXg eT T iXag TV a XVxa VT agXe gXagX l fX Xf
cebcbeV baT bk ZXaTV a TcaX VT ZXaXeT XagX XW TagX afhY TV a geTdhXT b :G8G T
geTiyf WX haT Ub fT WX TaXfgXf T dhX fX aY T cbe Y h]b b X iXag TWbe% CT X aTV a WX
W k Wb WX VTeUbab Xa <:DF Xfgx aY hXaV TWT cbe T iX bV WTW WX Y h]b WX ZTf WX UTee Wb T
geTiyf WX bk ZXaTWbe cbe b dhX T iX bV WTW WX Y h]b WX ZTf WX UTee Wb fX eXWhVX WX ,C
aT(C a WheTagX T cehXUT WX TcaXT cTeT YTV gTe T TVh h TV a WX W k Wb WX VTeUbab
Xa T fTaZeX TegXe T % %)
<kV hf ib WX Tf cehXUTf WX TcaXT Vba <:DF iXabTegXe T Xa Vb cTeTV a Vba Tf
cehXUTf WX TcaXT Vba <:DF iXabiXabfb b f a <:DF Xf aXVXfTe b ZTeTag mTe dhX X
8W a fgeTV a WX Eb [Tl bU ZTV a yg VT WX cebcbeV baTe CT Vb ha VTV a Vba Tf YT Tf 9hfdhX be XagTV a WX Xdh cb yg Vb
bU]XV baXf T fbcbegX WX eZTabf T haT cXefbaT WXUX fXe V TeT l VbaV fT hg mTaWb bVT X Xdh cb XZT l
9; ;E: YT XV WT gXe ab bZzT fXaV T cTeT dhX bf TW a fgeTV a
cTWeXf l YT TeXf Xag XaWTa dhX
Eb [Tl bU ZTV a XZT WX @agXagTe TaX]Te fb V ghWXf cTeT eXahaV Te T
fh [ ]b [T YT XV Wb%
cebcbeV baTe T b]T Xagb aWXY a Wb haT XiT hTV a 9; ;E: b Vbag ahTe Vba X
Xa bf <fgTWbf La Wbf YhXeT WX EhXiT fbcbegX WX eZTabf WXfchyf WX 9; ;E:
AXefXl% ;XUX dhXWTe V Teb dhX haT iXm dhX fX [T WXageb WX ha f fgX T [bfc gT Te b TagXf WX
cebWhV Wb T hXegX T Vbag ahTV a WX Tf eXVhee e T f fgX T XZT %
@aib hVeTe T XW TWbeXf VbafX]Xeb
gXeTc Tf yW VTf aV h WT T Tf fgXaV T
Xfc e ghT cebYXf baT Xf WX T fT hW
eXfc eTgbe T lT ab Xf haT bcV a T Xabf
XagT XfcXV T fgTf Xa Vh WTWbf <f eTmbaTU X Vbag ahTe X Tcblb
dhX fX c Ta Y dhX T WbaTV a WX eZTabf%
cT Tg ibf XfcXV T fgTf Xa yg VT WXfchyf WX 9; ;E: cbe ha cXezbWb
Y a gb fhcba XaWb dhX X cXezbWb fXT
@agXagTe geTafYXe e T ha cTV XagX T
JX WXUX cebcbeV baTe ha Tcblb UeXiX l ha Ybe X l dhX fX aYbe X T T
bgeb VXageb Vb b g b eXVhefb%
X bV baT TWXVhTWb T T YT T% YT T WX c Tmb Vba Tag V cTV a cXeb
CT eXg eTWT ha TgXeT WX fbcbegX WX cebcbeV baTWb aV h Wb X g X cb XfgX cXezbWb abe T XagX ab WXUX
eZTabf Xf TVXcgTU X Vb b g b TWXVhTWb cTeT beTe Vba X a b XkVXWXe Tf +/ [beTf%
eXVhefb VhTaWb b eXfcT WT T Xl l WXfchyf WX dhX fX WXV TeX T hXegX
JX WXUX aYbe Te T Tf YT Tf dhX ab
T cb zg VT afg ghV baT l T cTV XagX
[TUex a aZ a aVeX Xagb Xa X
ab Xfgx X UTeTmTWT%
geTgT Xagb aV hlXaWb
eXTa TV a VTeW bch baTe
@ai gTe T ha fXZhaWb yW Vb cTeT
dhX Ue aWX haT fXZhaWT bc a a%
:FEK@ELLDAFLIE8C%:FD (+-(
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
DL<IK< :<I<9I8C DL<IK< GFI :I@K<I@FJ E<LIFCv>@:FJ
(+-) F:KL9I< ) )(
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%
Xkc VTWb% JX aV hlXa X]X c bf WX YeTfXf cTeT hfTe WheTagX XfgTf W fVhf baXf Xa GLEKFJ :C8M<
:@=I8() )% 8hadhX bf cebYXf baT Xf WXUXa [TVXe XfYhXembf eTmbaTU Xf cTeT aYbe Te T fhfg ghgb
CT [ cbgXe T chXWX cebibVTe ha
TcbWXeTWb WX TgXaV a yW VT WX cTV XagX fbUeX T agXaV a WX eXT mTe haT XiT hTV a cTeT 9;
gebaVb XaVXYx Vb eXiXef U X
;E: X XfgxaWTe l T ZhzT WX N9;G chU VTWbf cbe T 88E Xa ) (0 fX T Ta dhX ab fX eXdh XeX TeeXY Xk T l Vb T
VbafXag Xagb cTeT Vb c XgTe haT 9; ;E:% XiT hTV a aV hlXaWb cehXUTf WX TcaXT b cehXUTf cTeg Vh Te XagX VhTaWb fX hfT
Thk TeXf%) (,J a X UTeZb bf cebYXf baT Xf WXUXa fXe VbafV XagXf WX dhX Tf YT Tf T iXVXf fX ]hagb Vba WebZTf b
XW VT Xagbf dhX WXce Xa
bcbaXa T T eXT mTV a WX haT XiT hTV a cTeT 9; ;E: b T T agXeehcV a WX fbcbegX WX eZTabf
X f fgX T aXei bfb VXageT %
WXfchyf WX 9; ;E: cbe haT fXe X WX eTmbaXf aV hlXaWb WXfVbaY TamT XfcXeTamT WX dhX X
cTV XagX eXVhcXeX T YhaV a aXheb Z VT cXaT Vh cT l VeXXaV T eX Z bfT b beT WX dhX T hXegX Cbf cebYXf baT Xf WXUXa fXe
ab bVheeX [TfgT dhX X VbeTm a WX]T WX Tg e%)+ ).CTf bU]XV baXf WXUXa fXe TaX]TWTf WX TaXeT X cxg Vbf cTV XagXf l Vh gheT XagX
fXaf U Xf WheTagX Tf W fVhf baXf
Vbaf fgXagX cbe bf cebYXf baT Xf Xa Vba]hagb Vba ha Xdh cb h g W fV c aTe b dhX aV hlT
fbUeX hXegX VXeXUeT hXegX fXZ a
geTUT]TWbeXf fbV T Xf VbafX]Xebf Xfc e ghT Xf XfcXV T fgTf Xa yg VT XfcXV T fgTf Xa Vh WTWbf
Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf l eXVbabVXe
cT Tg ibf TW a fgeTWbeXf WX [bfc gT Xf l TUbZTWbf WX [bfc gT Xf fXZ a VbeeXfcbaWT :8JF() % dhX T Vb ceXaf a c U VT WX T
D<J8() - eXi fT eXVb XaWTV baXf fbUeX Vb ha VTV a fbUeX 9; ;E: l XfgeTgXZ Tf T X c XTe f Tf hXegX VXeXUeT hXegX cbe Ve gXe bf
aXheb Z Vbf
YT Tf fX bcbaXa T T XiT hTV a WX 9; ;E:%) ( ()
Cbf Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf fba WXY V XagXf
cbe bf XW bf WX Vb ha VTV a T
gX Xi f a l Tf cX zVh Tf%
:FE:CLJ@vE
8hadhX bf ceTVg VTagXf WXUXa
CT WXgXe aTV a WX 9; ;E: Xf ha cebVXfb Tg mTWb dhX WXUX eXT mTefX WX TaXeT
gb Te XW WTf eTmbaTU Xf
Vh WTWbfT l Vh WTWbfT cTeT Xi gTe WXV TeTV baXf WX hXegX YT fTf cbf g iTf% Cbf aXhe bZbf WX XfYhXembf cTeT aYbe Te T fhfg ghgb
bf <fgTWbf La Wbf WXUXa XfgTe YT Te mTWbf Vba Tf abe Tf 88E WX ) ( l J::D 88G :EJ TcbWXeTWb WX TgXaV a yW VT WX ha
WX ) (( dhX fba Tf abe Tf TVghT XagX TVXcgTWTf cTeT T WXgXe aTV a WX 9; ;E: Xa cTV XagX fbUeX T agXaV a WX eXT mTe
haT XiT hTV a WX VXeXUeb
XfcXeT WX T chU VTV a WX haT abe T ha Ybe X cTeT gbWT T i WT% KT U ya WXUXa VbabVXe X
hXegX hXegX cbe Ve gXe bf
VbagXa Wb WX XfgxaWTe N9;G dhX cebcbeV baT haT ZhzT TVghT mTWT UTfTWT Xa X VbafXafb aXheb Z Vbf X XfgxaWTe l T ZhzT
eXfcT WTWT cbe V aVb YXWXeTV baXf haW T Xf l ). fbV XWTWXf yW VTf WX gbWb X haWb WX GeblXVgb DhaW T WX DhXegX
fbUeX ah XebfTf YTVXgTf WX 9; ;E: aV h WT T V XaV T WXgexf WX 9; ;E: T Ve gXe bf :XeXUeT chU VTWbf cbe T
8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX
za bf TVXcgTWbf cTeT 9; ;E: XiT hTV a WX 9; ;E: cTeT ha cTV XagX Xa <:DF
EXheb bZzT Xa ) (0 fX T T dhX ab fX
XiT hTV a WX 9; ;E: WXfchyf WX geTgT Xagb Vba [ cbgXe T gXeTcyhg VT l ZXfg a WX eXdh XeX VbafXag Xagb cTeT
fb V ghWXf cTeT eXahaV Te T haT XiT hTV a WX 9; ;E: b Vbag ahTe Vba X fbcbegX WX eZTabf Vb c XgTe ha VXeXUeb
WXfchyf WX 9; ;E:%) hXegX hXegX XW TagX XiT hTV a
WX Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf aV h WTf
cehXUTf WX TcaXT b cehXUTf
Thk TeXf%
I<=<I<E:@8J
( CXj f 8 9T Te 8 BeX ZXe 9Xafba < Xg T % ;XgXe aTV a , Db TeXg G >bh ba D% < Vb T YT XV Wb
WX T hXegX cbe Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf Xa gbWb X X be Tf ceX aTeXf RXa YeTaVyfS% IXi
haWb% EXheb bZzT ) ) 20, 1 X)00 X 0% Wb 1( %()() EXheb GTezf (0,02( (1 (,%
NEC% 0///
- LaT WXY a V a WX Vb T eeXiXef U X% @aYbe X WX :b gy
) >eXXe ; J[X X J CXj f 8 Xg T % ;XgXe aTV a WX 8W ?bV WX T =TVh gTW WX DXW V aT WX ?TeiTeW cTeT
hXegX VXeXUeT hXegX cbe Ve gXe bf aXheb Z Vbf1 X XkT aTe T WXY a V a WX hXegX VXeXUeT % A8D8
GeblXVgb DhaW T WX DhXegX :XeXUeT % A8D8 (0-/2) , - 1 . + %
) ) 2 )+ (( 1 ( ./ ( 0.% Wb 1( %( ( ]T T%) ) %((,/- Wb 1( %( ( ]T T%(0-/% (+ ) ( 0
JX Y 8 CTVV AM >bWbl ;8% @aV WXaV T WX hXegX . :b f a GeXf WXaV T cTeT X <fghW b WX GebU X Tf
VXeXUeT Xa bf <fgTWbf La Wbf% tg Vbf Xa DXW V aT X @aiXfg ZTV a 9 b yW VT l WX
: a EXheb EXhebV ehZzT ) ) 2(0,1( ,//,% :b cbegT Xagb% ;XY a V a WX hXegX1 VhXfg baXf
Wb 1( %( (- ]%V aXheb%) ) %( ,//, yW VTf XZT Xf l yg VTf Xa T WXgXe aTV a WX T
hXegX% NTf[ aZgba1 @ ceXagT WX >bU Xeab WX <fgTWbf
+ B efV[Xa DG =eTaVbXhe : Dhec[l D Xg T %
La Wbf (0/(%
<c WX b bZzT WX T hXegX VXeXUeT Xa ha WTWXf WX
Vh WTWbf agXaf ibf cXW xge Vbf Xa <fgTWbf La Wbf% / CXj f 8 :T[a =h Xe B :Tc Ta 8% rEb WXUXezTa bf hXegbf
A8D8 GXW Tge ) (02(. , 1+-0 +.-% Wb 1( %( ( XfgTe hXegbf61 T U fdhXWT WX haT WXY a V a ha Ybe X WX
]T TcXW Tge Vf%) (0% )+0 hXegX% A CTj DXW tg VT ) (.2+, ( 1(() ()/%
Wb 1( %((.. ( . (( ,(.. ( ,
:FEK@ELLDAFLIE8C%:FD (+-
:bcle Z[g n 8VTWX T <fgTWbha WXafX WX EXheb bZzT% HhXWT ceb[ U WT T eXcebWhVV a ab Thgbe mTWT WX XfgX TegzVh b%