INSTRUCTION MANUAL

VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM

Manufactured By

Xtreme Engineering Equipment (P) Ltd.

Factory/Off.: Xtreme House, S.N 32/2, Ashtavinayak Indl.
Estate, Parvati Nagar, Next to Pari Robotics, Narhe, Pune – 41,
Tel.020-24690312,
Email: xeepl.pune@gmail.com,

Email: xtreme.pune@gmail.com
Web Site: www.xtremesolutions.org.in
 INDEX

SR. PAGE
DESCRIPTION
NO. NO.

1 Component List 3
2 Precaution Sheet 4
3 System photograph 5
4 Installation Procedure 6
5 System Description 7
6 Operation Procedure 9
7 Observations Table 12
8 Calculations 13
9 Result Table 14
11 Trouble shooting 14

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 1. COMPONENT LIST

After unpacking the consignment you will find the following items mounted on
the main structure.

• Base stand.
• Vapor Absorption Refrigerator.
• Temperature Indicator.
• Wattmeter
• Volt meter
• Ammeter
• Bulb for Load Test
• Air Circulating Fan
• Dimmer
• Generator
• Absorber
• Evaporator
• Condenser

(a) After unpacking the consignment you will find the following items mounted on
the main structure. Kindly remove the all-packing material & clean the
components with cloth.
(b) Please check the components as per list. If you have any difficulty please feel

free to contact us.

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 2. PRECAUTION SHEET

1. Keep the system in clean and dry place.

2. Make sure system in not in direct sunlight as it will affect the
cooling time.
3. Connect the 230-VA.C. Supply to the unit. Use Proper neutral & Ear
thing.
4. Do not overload the system.
5. Before starting the load, cool the system so that the chamber
temperature (T6) is reduced to below 15°C.
6. While noting down the readings wait for some time. There may be
some fluctuations on the display as the instruments are sensitive.
Note down the readings when steady state is achieved.
7. Do not open the door of refrigerator while conducting the
experiment.
8. Ensure that before starting the system do not open the door of
refrigerator until the Cabinet Temperature achieves to 150C.

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 3. SYSTEM PHOTOGRAPH

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 4. INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

1. After opening the packing, keep the system in clean and dry place.
2. Ensure that all components are in good condition & if there is any damage
in transit, inform to manufacturer.
3. After opening the packing keep the system in clean and dry place.
4. Connect the 230-VA.C. Supply to the unit. Use Proper neutral & Ear
thing.
5. Switch on Mains ON / OFF Switch
6. Observe that the mains ON Indicator glows, Wattmeter displays reading
indicating power consumption of heater.
7. Rotate the Selector Switch and checks that all the Channels display the
respective temperature
8. Wait for few hours (2-3).
9. Observe that the Evaporator temperature (T3) and cabinet temperature

(T6), temperature starts reducing indicating that the cooling effect is

generating.

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 5. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The vapor absorption refrigeration cycle trainer is designed to study the working of
an Electrolux refrigerator and study its performance.

The trainer comprises of following components –

A. Base Stand: This is made up of CI square tubes & sheets. This is painted
specially with Powder coating. All equipments are mounted on Base stand.
B. Electrolux refrigerator: The vapor absorption system (Electrolux type)
consists of a Generator, Condenser, Absorber, and Evaporator. The heat is
supplied to generator by an electric heater.
Make: Dometic, Capacity: 40 Ltrs.
C. Wattmeter: The digital wattmeter measures the power supplied to
generator heater.
D. Voltmeter and Ammeter: The digital voltmeter and ammeter measure the
voltage and current respectively, supplied to bulb (Load) fitted in chamber,
E. Dimmer: The electronic dimmer is used to vary the power supplied to the
bulb fitted in chamber.
F. Temperature indicator: Multi point temperature indicator with eight point
selection switch has been provided to get the temperatures recorded by
sensors at different points. RTDs (PT 100) sensors are used to measure the
temperatures at following points –
T1: TEMPERATURE BEFORE GENERATOR.
T2: TEMPERATURE AFTER GENERATOR
T3: CONDENSER TEMPERATURE
T4: EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE
T5: TEMPERATURE BEFORE ABSORBER
T6: CABINET TEMPERATURE
G. Temperature controller: The temperature controller is used to control the
temperature inside cabinet. When the cabinet temperature falls below lower
set point, it starts supply to load (bulb) and when it reaches the upper set
point, the supply is cut off.

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 THEORY
Simple Electrolux System:
Carl Munters and Baltzer Von Platen developed the domestic absorption type
refrigerator from an invention. This system is often called Munters Platen
system. Ammonia is used as a refrigerant. The operation of this system is based
on the concept of Dalton’s Law. The ammonia vapor in the condenser is
condensed to liquid and flows to evaporator by gravity. The whole plant is
charged to a pressure of about 15 bars. In the evaporator the liquid ammonia
meets an atmosphere of hydrogen at about 12 bars. Thus the partial pressure of
ammonia falls to about 3 bar, keeping the same total pressure, and the
temperature falls to about - 100c. The vaporization of ammonia at this
temperature produces refrigeration. Water is used as a solvent for ammonia. It
absorbs ammonia readily. If liquid ammonia is introduced at the top of the
system it passes on to the evaporator and vaporizes. Hydrogen flows upwards in
the evaporator counter - flows to liquid ammonia that falls from the top.
The ammonia vapor and hydrogen leave the top of
the evaporator and flow through the gas heat exchange getting warmed by the
warmer hydrogen flowing through the evaporator. Both the gases flow to the
absorber. Weak aqua ammonia solution enters at the top of the absorber and
absorbs ammonia gas as it passes counter flow through the absorber. The
hydrogen is not soluble in weak aqua ammonia solution and gets separated and
flows up to the evaporator through the heat exchanger. Strong aqua ammonia
solution leaves the bottom of the absorber and passes on the generator.
Heat is supplied to the generator from external source by gas burner etc.,
expelling ammonia vapor out from the strong solution. Here the problem is to
raise the elevation of week solution of ammonia also so that it can pass to the
separator and flow back to the absorber.
Principle of bubble pump is used here. The delivery
tube from the generator is immersed below the liquid level in the generator.
Thus as ammonia vaporizes in the tube, they carry slugs of week solution also
into the separating vessel. From the separating vessel, weak solution flows to
the absorber and ammonia vapor passes on to the condenser.
Thus cycle is completed. The total
pressure in the condenser is approximately the same as in evaporator. Since, in
the condenser there is pure ammonia, the vapor pressure there is more or less
same as the total pressure. In the evaporator, there exists a mixture of
ammonia vapor and hydrogen gas. Thus ammonia vapor pressure is much less,
this being equal to total pressure minus the partial pressure of hydrogen. Being
at a pressure below saturation pressure, the ammonia readily evaporates in the
evaporator and refrigerates. Thus temperature equal to the saturation
temperature of ammonia at its partial pressure is theoretically obtained in the
evaporator.

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 6. OPERATION PROCEDURE
EXPERIMENT NO. 1

Aim: To Study the working of the Vapor Absorption System – Electrolux type

Description:

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Working:

1. The arrangement of the components of the system is as shown above figure.

2. This type of refrigerator is known as three fluid absorption system in which
refrigerant is ammonia, solution used is aqua ammonia and third fluid used in
evaporator is hydrogen gas. The solution circulation pump is taken out of the
system and test-rig is made noiseless.
3. Circulation of system is achieved by providing high pressure in condenser and
generator and low pressure in evaporator and absorber.
4. The liquid ammonia flows under gravity into evaporator. As soon as ammonia
liquid enters the evaporator the partial pressure of ammonia decreases to 2
bars due to presence of hydrogen and by absorbing latent heat ammonia
converts into vapor.
5. The heavy mixture of ammonia vapor and hydrogen vapor coming out of
evaporator is passed to absorber. The weak solution of aqua ammonia is
sprayed into the absorber where it absorbs ammonia vapors and gets
converted into strong solution of aqua ammonia. The hydrogen left is re-
circulated into evaporator.
6. The strong solution of aqua ammonia from the absorber again enters into
generator through heat exchanger. The purpose of heat exchanger is to
transfer the heat of weak aqua ammonia solution to strong aqua ammonia
solution to improve the overall performance of system.
7. The strong aqua ammonia solution is heated in generator by electric heater.
Due to addition of heat ammonia vapors are released and strong solution
gets converted into weak solution, which is passed to absorber. Analyzer and
rectifier remove moisture in ammonia vapor and dehydrated ammonia vapors
are passed to condenser.
8. The chief advantage of Electrolux refrigerator is that it has no moving parts.
As no compressor or pump is required it is very quiet in operation.

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 EXPERIMENT NO. 2 & 3
Aim: 1.To study of Refrigeration effect.
2. To calculate coefficient of performance.

System Components:
• Electrolux refrigerator
• Bulb
• Voltmeter
• Ammeter
• Temp indicator with pt 100 sensors
• Wattmeter
• Dimmer

Experimental Procedure:
1. Switch ON the supply to the trainer and switch ON the main switch to
start the trainer.
2. Switch on the refrigerator.
3. Check all the temperatures (i.e. 1,2,3,4,5,6)
4. Let the system run for some period (till the temperature in the evaporator
chamber starts decreasing)
5. Now note down the readings as per the observation table.
6. When cabinet temperature (T6) reaches around 15˚C, switch on dimmer.
Adjust the load between 5 – 15 watts. Ensure that the cabinet
temperature does not increase when bulb is switched on.
7. If T6 increases, reduce the power supplied to bulb.
8. Note down 5 – 6 readings at interval of 10 minutes.
9. Calculate the results as per the calculation procedure.

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 7. OBSERVATION TABLE
EXPERIMENT NO.

1. Study of Refrigeration effect.

2. Calculation of coefficient of performance.

SR. T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 V I POWER TIME

NO. (ºC) (ºC) (ºC) (ºC) (ºC) (ºC) (V) (A) FOR DURA
REFRIG TION
ERATOR (Hrs.)
(watt)
1 36.2 126 41.6 -10 31.7 23.3 239 0.045 68 4-5

WHERE,
T1: TEMPERATURE BEFORE GENERATOR.
T2: TEMPERATURE AFTER GENERATOR
T3: AFTER CONDENSER TEMPERATURE
T4: AFTER EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE
T5: TEMPERATURE BEFORE ABSORBER
T6: CABINET TEMPERATURE
P: SYSTEM POWER (WATT)
V: VOLTAGE IN BULB
I: CURRENT IN BULB

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 8. CALCULATIONS

T4 (T2 – T5)
1) COP (Theoretical) = ------------------
T2 (T5 – T4)

Where
T2: TEMPERATURE AFTER GENERATOR
T4: EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE
T5: TEMPERATURE BEFORE ABSORBER

All temperatures should be in Kelvin

Sample Calculations
T2: TEMPERATURE AFTER GENERATOR = 126 + 273 = 399 K
T4: EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE = -10+ 273 = 263 K
T5: TEMPERATURE BEFORE ABSORBER = 31.7 + 273 = 304.7 K

T4 (T2 – T5)
COP (Theoretical) = ------------------
T2 (T5 – T4)
= 263 (399-304.7)
399 (304.7-263)
= 1.49

2) COP (actual) = Load applied

Heat Supplied
=VXI
W
= 239 X 0.045
68
= 0.158

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 9. RESULT TABLE

Sr.No. C. O. P. (Th) C.O.P.(Actual)

1 1.49 0.158

10. TROUBLE SHOOTING

SR. PROBLEM SOLUTION

NO.
1. If there is no display on Check the supply and proper
temperature-indicator. connections of wiring. If the
connections are loose then fit them
properly.

2. If the whole system is not check for proper regulated 230 V

working properly supply

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