Frogs have a unique anatomy that is well-adapted for their

amphibious lifestyle. Here is an overview of the major

anatomical features of frogs:

1. Skin: Frogs have smooth, moist, and permeable skin that

plays a crucial role in respiration and water absorption. Their
skin is glandular and can secrete toxins for defense against
predators.
2. Head: The head of a frog is broad and flat, with large
protruding eyes and a wide mouth. They have a pair of
tympanic membranes (eardrums) located behind the eyes,
which are used for hearing.
3. Respiration: Frogs have a two-part respiratory system.
They breathe through their lungs and their moist skin, which
allows for cutaneous respiration.
4. Digestive system: Frogs have a short alimentary canal,
consisting of a mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and a
cloaca (a common chamber for digestive, excretory, and
reproductive systems).
5. Circulatory system: Frogs have a three-chambered heart
(two atria and one ventricle) and a circulatory system that
includes capillary beds in their skin, which facilitates
cutaneous respiration.
6. Excretory system: Frogs have a pair of kidneys and a
urinary bladder. They excrete nitrogenous waste products
through their cloaca.
7. Skeletal system: Frogs have a lightweight, yet sturdy
skeletal system. Their bones are lightweight and hollow, and
they have a pelvic girdle and elongated hind limbs adapted
for jumping and swimming.
8. Muscular system: Frogs have powerful hind limb muscles
that enable them to jump great distances. Their muscles are
also adapted for swimming and climbing.
9. Sense organs: Frogs have well-developed eyes, a keen
sense of smell, and a tongue that aids in catching prey. They
also have a lateral line system that helps them detect
vibrations in water.
10. Reproductive system: Male frogs have external testes,
while females have ovaries. During mating, the male grasps
the female in a position known as amplexus, and fertilization
occurs externally.

Frogs also possess unique adaptations, such as the ability to

shed and regenerate their skin, and the capacity to hibernate
or estivate (a state of dormancy during dry periods) to survive
harsh environmental conditions.