Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Kolthoff Analytical Chemistry Commemorative Booklet
Kolthoff Analytical Chemistry Commemorative Booklet
Izaak Maurits Kolthoff (1894–1993) contribution would be to provide Minnesota was seeking a research
has been described as the father a unified scientific basis for the chemist to strengthen its graduate
of modern analytical chemistry methods that already existed and program. On a recommendation
for his research and teaching that to develop them further, thereby by a former colleague, Minnesota
transformed the ways by which bringing chemical analysis into the chemistry chair Samuel C. Lind
scientists separate, identify, and modern era of science. (1879–1965) invited Kolthoff to
“Analytical quantify chemical substances. EARLY LIFE AND CAREER accept a one-year appointment
Once a collection of empirical Kolthoff was born in Almelo, the to lead the department’s division
chemistry will
recipes and prescriptions, the field Netherlands, on February 11, 1894. In of analytical chemistry. Kolthoff
remain a scientific of analytical chemistry is today an 1911, he entered Utrecht University accepted and continued the pace of
discipline of essential branch of chemistry built where he was advised by Nicholas his research and writing. His move
upon solid theoretical principles Schoorl (1872–1942), a skilled to the U.S. resulted in the English
chemistry as and experimental techniques, the translation and expansion of many
professor of analytical chemistry and
long as industry basis of which was formed over the pharmacology. Schoorl’s teaching of his previous works.
course of Kolthoff’s nearly 80-year applied a distinguishing emphasis on The United States’ entry into
continues to make
career. fundamental chemical and physical World War II in 1942 marked a new
new products, ORIGINS OF ANALYTICAL principles. His guiding maxim, direction in research for Kolthoff.
as long as there CHEMISTRY “theory guides; experiment decides,” The nation’s military and industry
The discipline of analytical chemistry was adopted by Kolthoff, and the were keenly concerned about the
are unsolved combination of fundamental theory
dates back hundreds of years. One supply of rubber, a strategic material
problems in of the earliest figures in chemical and experimental evidence would imported largely from Southeast
analysis, Swedish scientist Torbern become a defining characteristic in Asia. American chemists were
chemistry, and as
Bergman (1735–1784), is recognized Kolthoff’s career. recruited to solve the rubber crisis,
long as chemistry as the first to introduce a qualitative Kolthoff published his first research either by finding domestic sources
remains an system of analysis to chemistry. The paper in 1915 on the then newly- or by creating synthetic rubber.
German chemists Wilhelm Ostwald articulated concept of pH, which Kolthoff worked on the latter effort,
integral part (1853–1932) and Walther Nernst helping to develop a recipe for
had been introduced in 1909 by
of the natural (1864–1941) are regarded for their the Danish chemist S. P. L. Sørensen synthetic rubber that was known as
work to bring physical chemistry (1868–1939). In the same year, he the “cold process.” It is regarded as
sciences.”
foundations to analytical chemistry completed his undergraduate one of his most important research
and for originating electrochemistry degree in pharmacy and began contributions.
I. M. Kolthoff, (the field of chemistry that studies doctoral studies at Utrecht, earning During and after the war, Kolthoff
1964 Willard Gibbs chemical changes that produce a doctorate in chemistry in 1918. played a role in relocating European
or are caused by electricity), Kolthoff remained at Utrecht as a scientists who were persecuted by
Medal lecture
respectively. privaatdocent (unsalaried teacher Nazis to U.S. institutions through
Despite the contributions of these and researcher). He could claim a a program led by the Rockefeller
and other early chemists, the growing international reputation, Foundation. He corresponded with
field of analytical chemistry was having more than 270 publications influential science and political
considered something of an art as in a range of analytical topics leaders including Albert Einstein,
recently as the early 1900s, reliant including acid-base titrations, Eleanor Roosevelt, Linus Pauling,
upon empirical recipes and lacking conductometric titrations, and and Hubert Humphrey in efforts
articulated principles. At the time, iodometry. to promote world peace, oppose
analysts were considered laboratory In 1927, Kolthoff traveled to the nuclear weapons testing, and
technicians rather than bona fide U.S. and Canada on a lecture tour. engage in other social concerns of
scientists. Kolthoff’s signature Around this time, the University of the time.
A N AT I O N A L H I S TO R I C C H E M I C A L L A N D M A R K
Kolthoff in his
laboratory at
the University
of Minnesota
in 1950. The
building in
which Kolthoff
worked is
now known as
Smith Hall.