Ea (—) BUEHEARENAN, BPEL Infer the original meanings of characters and understand Chinese culture through semantic components SULT FORE, VOFHFLRE TRAM. Hh, “SR” BORE H RE, RERRT RMR. RAF LCE RACEHORSE. MLS EP AE SPE RI, UII OT EROS, UTERO WEL, FROAT SIH. LM, “A” GAR AS, ATR IREL A FEA GR 4H), FLA “A” AVN RLSI ARNT, in—A, KAS. Afier thousands of years’ development, the meanings of some Chinese characters have changed greatly, For example, “J pronoun. Chinese characters whose meanings have completely changed are few in number. With the progress of social productivity and the development of science and technology, human beings began to have @ more accurate understanding of everything in the world. When people added their hich originally means a weapon, has now become a first-person scientific understanding to the meanings of characters, the characters gained extended meanings. For example, “J” originally refers to the moon. Later, people realized that the moon's waxing and waning are cyclical. Thus, “/3” was extended to mean a period of time, such as “— Fl and =A”. 37 RSE38 RE TAG. UAE. ESOC ITE, BATT Ly, ARSIEAS AUER JETS REAP RERREAYNAE AR ATT SCT ARR A RF A AAA Ko AULT BAR RAE EAD PE ELE OE HR AT SRE RT, ASSERT AURAL, SATA TE 3b fh SICA. Although the meanings of many Chinese characters have changed, we can infer the original ‘meanings of piclographic and indicative characters using their features and what the original meanings ‘of associative and pictophonetic characters are related to using their semantic components. This rule can not only help us solve many problems in learning Chinese characters, but also help us understand. the ideas of Chinese people when creating characters, thus helping us further understand Chinese culture Hein, “AR”, ASS EK, ARR. HARE. MA AR” BAS SUUBASH, OR" BHFMKS RO, MAAK. PHA AURRE—-PRE RAM UTEBREE. EMER RELA T MD, BPAHOR IE, BUCA R Zi HR" WEA, HRT For example, “7”, written as * 4” in oracle bone inscription, resembles a mature eat of grain that is ready to be harvested. The original meaning of “A&” is supposedly “ear of grain”. Characters ‘with “7” are mostly related to “grain” or “crop”. China has been an agricultural country since ancient times, so grains mean a great deal to Chinese people. Ancient Chinese considered grai as something holy bestowed by the heaven and a symbol of happiness, hence the saying “#27R”, Which means grains and crops that grow well, a lucky omen in the eyes of ancient people. RE SUB RINF, ME" ERR EBL" A. "A SSE, MOR HTNIAR, TR, RUSTE RUE? BOR, PRATER. REREA GE, RATERS, RRA HE RD AYALA A, MERE ARA CAT. HIRI, TIER R TH AOINT . Hutt “HL” BANS SSR, BARK. Many characters related to “money” have “Jl” as a semantic component, such as “Ht (expensive)”, “$€(goods)”, “B2(trade)” and “J (fee)”. “Hl”, written as “CQ” in ancient scripts, resembles a clam with its shell opened. However, why is a shell related to money? In ancient China, shells were difficult to obtain, so they were regarded as highly valuable things. Shells wwere often used as precious gifts or to give other people in exchange for articles, Gradually, shells became a kind of currency. Therefore, characters with “I” as a component are mostly related to “money” or “trade”. RE TAMA DAE DAE, MU AL" A" ER" HET ABA ty Ct)” EAE. RA ARAMA AGED ATER, UBM AT a AS BATRA ROEM “by Ct)” HoI PER Many characters related to brain an mental activities ha (vo ARK(to think)", semantic component, 1d)". Due to, such “1B(1o consider)", and “fi(to understa the limited cogniti bility, ancient people considered the heart as the organ of thought, so (PY as ters with ® ivi component are mostly related to mental AB AE". TRATAVIE— NTE A IQ" AY SRS TAS a oft 2 ARNE? HOE. AN" RADAR ABA TI. REAM. PALI Ae sik SEIT ATMATE, PICA MIR. US Ra” AY ML” EA “hk” APR GAL a, HEAD ON RERT EAR IE, JERR" ART RON EAE BEN, PRA HI. We would think of “candle” or “waxwork” at the sight of “(wax)”. But why is * related to “43 (insect, worm)" It is because “i” referred to fats and oils secreted by animals or plants, Wax can be bumed, and therefore can be made into candles. Wax is also deformable and ‘moldable, so it can be made into a waxwork. But how come “tf (rainbow)” is also related to “8? The reason is ancient Chinese thought “rainbow” was a huge dragon who needed to drink water after rain. STARE “RH”. BEARER “DW BB” SPAR ABTEMR: eAE . “ StS. ANAS. Bliit, ”, “Gh”, “BR, etc. What do these characters have to do with “Ji”, which means “page”? “J”, written as “Z” in oracle bone inscription, originally means “human head”. Therefore, characters with “Jé” as a component are mostly related to “human head”. “Tif” means “top of the head”, “9(” means “neck”, “#{" means “face”, and “Ii” means “to look buck”. The “Ji” which ‘means “page” is actually a phonetic loan that has nothing to do with the original meaning of “JL 139 RSEikl 9 See eed Exercise: Guess the meanings of the following characters according to their semantic components an Bx (=) #8F3%57MZ _ Introduction to frequently used semantic components We FE, PACER L, RIEL. FRSA" MAES SRE, BR SN IRATE “Ja”, written as “L” in oracle bone inscription, resembles the part below the knee. Characters with “/2” as a component are mostly rlated to “acts or movements of the leg(s) or foot (feet)”. 140 RSEAR PRT a 4 — § — BR Hy PASE EWI PMA. FUSE TAB, BALL GU" Os ” RFE SIA. "written as “4” in oracle bone inscription, resembles a person with a big head and a small body. The protruding big head indicates that its original meaning is “human head”, Characters with “3{” as a semantic component are mostly related to “head”. 5 I RL, PERSE T, R-MEEMEMA, LWA—-RARMEBH ARE. Bt SRM TAURI, BELA TL" ANA SURI. “WL” HFS GMBH “J”, written as “” in oracle bone inscription, resembles a person kneeling on the ground with a big eye on top watching something. The protruding big eye indicates that its original ‘meaning is “to see”, Characters with “JL” as a component are mostly related to “look”, “watch”, “view”, ete. RAXSEY, GLE. “S" MNF SAK. ”, written as “” in oracle bone inscription, resembles a horse, Characters with a component are mostly related to “horse” 141 RSEfi, BUSCSTE BAB ANTES AE” MNF E SG AK, “f2", written as “&" in oracle bone inscription, originally refers to a short-tailed bird. Characters with “fi” as a component are mostly related to “bird”. (=) HX _ Frequently used sentence patterns To, oes inorder to... Itis used to indicate one does something for a certain purpose. (1) ATHAP OMA, es AAI, (2) ATAU, WHABF, sees, Rafe unless. I is used to indicate a necessary requirement, (1) BUNA, HPAL (2) AGEAKOL A? Hap Fak dah aR! 1D) $5) HRTEM XIHA xercise: Choose the correct connective words. ABA BAT Cat D. PRaE 1 KAMNAF, HAKREUS, 2 MERAL BF RAM BH 3. BU, HERALD, 4 ED, HEE. SARA RET ILAER. MeAe AE SEH Fo 6. HER ILI, U— 1 RALAC HELM T ARSEIR ESE Ge lntcleel ur eel elec) “poli VO worms | “ReRE LBS, FEE RM ARI : i zig to play soccer tidolwi VO to dance Sele a BH tigolissn ~— VO to parachute ey RAR ILI HH RR ito heartbeat Homuzinik, —HeMA, ITER! 13a Wkéu N intersection DEA, WARBAEH Bid. Gy + Foose Nake FG Hh A A A a ah | 9.AR-* —Tngdo Neder RUA HS, i 43 ARSEyin V_topreview AGT Fm | 13. FYE yubto. NN forecast Kk, BRITT — Raw, wa $8) yume ton snon| EMM Est th, TRA, ; aye V-_ to makeanappontnen PP SRILA RATA A, Beak 15. Fidy — yisding —V_—_to reserve, to book REET, BRET. | BARAT V totakecareof ARERR RUBIN, | 7 WANE T, Mel get! B 18. JRA] shir ‘Adj smooth AERA Z FAB AA | 7 4h, atk \andan “Vo tose RA EERA LER jonitn VO voneatopenen) | To WR, ABAREL | 27h, WIM. nA AMAR T 8 dA] SOM T HAIL, RATA te —/ MRM Ao BB» 4$IL cAnguan V_—tovisit BB». ABL* fexitn. §—-V_—todiscover | 24, RIL quan Adj optimistic RSESAR PES ae is eT Cee [na 26, ARYL * 2hbniin—-N-exhibition BEE AT RL. Ca] BHR KI, REAM | shuijito VO tosleep LRM, SRBERR. NAF, Bi SB5% * Wubtuo NN camel FER, DRBRRA HRMIA, aia tordea horse NOME RHEL, | aiche torideabike | RAS LE. SRSA! jose Adj codgygrna | tS RAHA GR viv tocheattodeesie] RA RAIL NS : 35. $F + pionai = Nia, fraud FBT. HAN: “EF SUN TESLA TS 45 RSE(H) fEn8 ‘Be. RK * dq Nsparow ROLARS RA, a i | MBBH RSL. 37, GL} * kongqué —N peacock Kannan N ificulty bk RNB ST Be Adj sad, upset | SLAAR HE: ‘néngud 40. aR * ridnq Adj (biology) male aa 41, 384t —yingxigng Nero RK". Rid, RAR » wAKH, ; @ ape of Adj (biology) female Reading Comprehet (—) 7% _ Intensive Reading \1 “ia Lok chéng v to become 2 at feng M — a measure word for letters and mails 3 ak rong v to ask (sb.) (to do sth.) 4 Bab bilye VO to graduate; graduation 5 BBR doying = -V to promise 6 MRR jibozi = NN sedan chair ARSE7, Hit finggud ov 8 RY fend ON 9. RR jibai v 10. & he v Wk mai Adj 4 £74 Proper Nouns 1, 3iL44 * Liéng Shanbs- 2 MHEG * Zhi Vingtei 3. FR * —Héngzhou V2 wee CRIES RIAD OL PERI to pass by rave, tomb to offer sacrifices and pay homage to (sb. dead) to close, to combine beautiful name ofa person name ofa person capital city of Zhejiang Province B—S: VEMRRA, RATHABAHSR Read the text quickly and find the answer to the following question. PRADAR UM, RRSKTUABRAT HA? 1600 FAM, HAAKRFYRKG, WAP ARIE. (MAT Ke, KRFRARLEH, ATEEF, WARE BR. KAM EL, RURTI-A ERT, EPFRTIRG, HHRLRNLE, Fh PRATT HR. BHM, REG A RWFR-RER, RMB, RRSRET RL 4h, PRELAAPERKG RK, LAM EKAT. WS, REGOLESWE TH, LMS. RRS BARA, HALF RAM, HARA: “MAMA? ” “BR, &4T0" 147 RSE“SOATAAR, HU AAP AE SE. RAD HR He 28 ML AFT ” “RAD? MBAGET | APIA ARR A AM ANI TE OH” RRS -BNR, WHESUMULWRECFAM, BALALARR AT LAA, RUM TRRSR, UMRMARKS RL w MR, JE PEN, MRAM SH, RRSHECMUAGHEFLA, SHRKS LAP RLF, th Ritawikait, FAACHB, KSA, HRT, RKC SHMOMES: “MLA LLA BH, MAKE GR-AE: AMMA, ROT OMBTR LAKE,” HHESAET. BHMBRK, RRS ORF AR a RAR, A HRA Ry RKGANKAAA, —TFRTHL, AERRHSLT. RHR, HT, MET, AMT, REE ERT ARAM HMR, RIF: WER, MELT MARAER Tell the meanings of the dotted parts according to the context. (1) BANE, KRFR RLF. ABR B.Fa (2) ATHES, RRRABBR. A UELRAM KAA BAAFESAMRM, ACALERBA (BQ) ARGEFRE, AUARB, A. ERR A RAE BAR, ARAM EE (4) 28, AAT, HRTEM, FRTRG, ROL eAAT, A FHBAAR, FAA BAMKET, AMLRET ARSESIU PEACH =H: MRR, AAEM Read the text carefully and choose the correct answers, (1) RRS ARAL BRI A. ARE RF 0G FUR B. BAwAe EH CRRA SHRI HEA (2) RES AML T Biv 4a? A. tt Bate C. Aa BE (3) RRSAHAL MARU ARA EMA? A BAWRET Rls, MRA B. AMAL AR LORE, AMER — A MA C. Ase Ade 8 Cab IB eR 18 (4) RESMHREAPAZULMER? A. BAMAIRERE $ fo LF BM B. BAHAR A CHIL C.HARMSKAH, FAREEITRRA (5) MRSA ARE, FAVA? A, BAR FR LAT B. RAHEEM PRCT SH, MARL RLALG C.RLKASHRMAE (6) RK GAL SSS Gt ZF? A BMMR, BRA RRR B.SHMRK, —RHSM, FH CEMA, MART Resid BL AH HE (7) MRSRAR MMR, RETHA? A KARARGE, Rls xekeary BAAR, RH RELSET C. Rul th HE OE ah Tae BOS: AMMA TARE ‘Rearrange the following events in chronological order. AUT, ET, ABT 149 RSEHit 9 BAUS GH T HE C Rib fat RESET DEKL EMT HRM ERR RAR Le F Riese ar AT GAAT, HRTEM, FRTRAG E> > > > (=) RE Extended Reading (1 aia a 2 i — guiding =: VIN 3 EK dang bing 4. 474k * — doling VO 5. $4, ida N 6 quén Adj 1 HR — rhboli Ad uy * —ahanching NN 9 8 10. &A* © dirén N 1. 3 quizhing AG 7% 4A Proper Nouns 1. #yaGS] * Nén-B8i chéo 2. FEARS * Hus Mulén 3. AGS * Bai Wai 450 war to stipulate; regulation to join the army, to to be a soldier to fight a battle age whole, entire worried, anxious battlefield to substitute for, to take the place of enemy, foe valuable Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589) name of a person Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534) ARSEUR PLAT Le WR CAME) BH: PURI, RITA IMHSR Read the text quickly and find the answer tothe following question, BEAR A HT A BF? ab Bl (420— 589) HOR, PT 1A B tke HAL— HBAS, MAR, PHRAAPARS, MARML PME: HRMBK ABALS KAR, TRERLWHEEHRRK, HUB, Ki ear th. SRAMMRA So BRAG, WREELAK, HTRALARHL RKAZOT B, REKDFRREELHA, MAMET -EGDH—-H#FAHRMR BRACETRY. ERHEL, ERASE HK, PHTBK. PRBKZ-—RILOEAH Bh, HALANAPRE A, BHR T 124%, RE, MT KT RA, SPACALBRH4L, KAZUHRBAROR, AAALHLE, ULSI KARZ RATS, LRORT. WMARAG, KARATRA, RHR. WRITRR, FLIX KR. MT RA, RS PM-KRNKMLARA, ERNAARAZOH BAMRCNE ATT IDFR, MUNA HR Ke!” BIS: BRR, AGAHER ‘Read the text and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). (1) BAZAR ATE (2) FHEAZKAAK, SKAMRHHK. (3) HAZRHI, WH RAB. (4) ERM EAL A d6h, ARH. (5) RAZA RAMATKT HA. (6) HAZRHEL PM RAIL (7) “BANK Foi Ret” Pas HE HLH “EAN”, RSEBSH: HAIN TEE Rearrange the following events in chronological order. A RUTET THEA RS BEAL BACT! TAS CEA AL RATTINT BA D. #4 RIL TRA EB. AM RA BRE TH FLSA BUE AS HOR RIB RIE HE (=) {88H Search the Information 12 SEACH IMI BEET ( rankings ) RE 1 (a); DEAAH; MSTA; A HRETH, SE ah KLEE 1 2BKk#; 2AZKE; 3. POR-ELF—ABE; 4 T PRO; 5. BRA Z AE BERR; 2. GRR; 3. BAB; 4 meen |! 2A; 2. HARK: 3. AT HRA: 4 WIL; 5. F 25 LRH RKS; 2G; 3 RLARKM: 4 HEA; =aee 5. (sR F) BABAR BR tee aL tre CP RA eKH) ak ACR AT th Hae ¥ 25.80 CP BARKER) HA PYF La teat ¥ 59.00 CRGb EY SHR ARH Bite ¥ 26.00 CPRERETRE) Pap RAE Mat ¥19.80 CPRERRHH) | RI MAR a waa ¥ 56.00 ARSEAR PEA C1) “SBR RA A? AL RIB B. Apib a C. Rib (2) QT AER SES AIF, Hh i ROMA 7 A. CRGERE) B.(PRtRR TRE) C. CPE ERR ACE) (3) “SRAME” BP OH RH D0 SATA PARR IL? AR B. B= CHE (4) “PEAR” aH AAPA PARR IL? AR BRS CHS (5) RTMZBRE, KARE MAR? A. (PRRLKER) B. (PAPERS) C. (RBH) (6) BAB PREORMA? A. (RGM) B.C PHRERRHAE) CCP ARRKER) [SE Ne SICK ae ¥, PRISER, PMU SO", RRFESH-AS. A “9” Pe” RAM “O” LHS TAR, RHA OK". HR, “HE” HALA AEH, RDA. DK, OH OEMLE H th’, 2-744. “Gk? WERE LIT", Pk HOE AR UTAH, ake” HE “UAMHLE". RSE\a sia ile v to record huénggéng -N imperial palace 2): AUN SC AEE REE MON EAS C1) SH" AREA? Ayko FH B. FH CBRE (2) “Ht” RAIA? A. Bi) B. Ha] CBSA (3) ERE” Pah “KR” AASB? ARB B. ait C. 2H +i Bo challenge Yourself (—) #18482 Fill in the blanks with the words. Ba, 2, BIT. AN, SH, RM, MAL AK HM, HL GL 1. NE TH, FF TAXA. 2.3 —/MR HA, FRAFAP OSH, REBRMHA . MRAM 3. BF NRAEROR, BAAR ° 4 MIRA ERR, BH HOE FAT H? S.A RAGAB ILI EEA AK, HAE ° 6. BRIER HIME T RB, RAH ° THA, MIRKA Ta? FE, AR, MR BM, Ha, BH, Me, RE RM, AT MKGHEEREG. HLF, KORR. BE 154 RSEBAR PRACE LRH, RES TR, 22 Rd RAoibh IES Rd , RAM EK AT, RK, REGULESWE TIE, WOKS, RES AMG lita, seRAwi “ WG, -RERB RA” HTAAA, RUMETRRSHR, te RES RK HOt BK, EPR, PULPRKG » TARKSHEER is BRR RL MET o RLSA, RUMARET. REG HEEUERKERGLFBM, REG: “MER HLF SH, Peak tk AE, BHR, ROBT RMB RH HE.” BHM, FRAGA RUHR, Rita oe RR Rar To RES-TFFRATHS, RESLABALH EMT MRAM (=) BRM F Choose the corresponding sentences. AUTBEWAR TEAR AIA. BABS MOEA, MCRAE BAR CHA LB EEE A. DRERTHRT, HRRAU, BH. E. ORBEA, FR SUERAVE ZR? La, KA! sith! 2. Mee HEIL, SERA ASHER AS 4 MT —%, BEST. SAMAR! AMER EMS SEA A BALM To 155 ARSE(=) AUB AFSRARBES—K Decide whether the given sentences are consistent with the original ones in meaning. 1 MAAR, MARAE. AURA, WAM. ( ) 2. PEMADPAE, BHAI PRMARF UG, REAR, ( ) 3. FSH ER, eR ILA T HS HGH, beRILABRH, ( ) 4, RAM AR AO Ro Riolb- REIMER. ( ) 5S. PAERKENRF 0 ENAMBRENEF 0 ( ) (2) 3813 Riddles _ LAER. (4-4) 2—aetHALL, (41-+F) 3. Bh. (4At—-AF ) 4A RREGT (H-AF) 5. RAKE. (4 —-AF ) 6ABRRE RHE LBGLAB BL? (4-H) BRBRL, HFEBR. RE'RAT?, HTKAH. (41-4 HH ) (H) Ri® _Joke EARS. AT KB-EHD, FRARPHAH. SR, WLAT. 1 AO: walbos Ns all 2 MF: shinel; Ns fon 156 RSESAR PA “MA, RELG? RAHM) ik Mab, CATA.” “HEREATE? FiOS? KT RAE,” “RAGE. MAS TV LRN, ERR EPIL, BR Aeati MRAI?, ERA ER.” RPABAAME, HHLED, TY “RMAM, BH ART RA, FULT, MTR, WE ee “ARSE” DRRAREAGT FR. BARBRE, TORK RRM” FRWBAM, RACES. MIRE PROBE, FEE PRA TIE? Dear friends, this book has come to an end. Do you enjoy your reading? ABA ERE 8 BPA MAR! PRARREAOR, M-RARK, LKR, RASA; WRARARILAZR, M-RAWBR, SRMPWA; HRARRLABA, M-RRGRPRA; PRARRLA-K, M-RARB-A! PREP, AMP FRR. 1 Bis nubnyss Ni al 2 -Biks ulpd; Vs lobe) sewed 3 Fy xb Vi toscare, to ghen RSE