Perception: perception is define as the wareness and understanding of the elements and objects of our

environment through the physical sensation of our various senses like sight, sound, smell and so on.

We tend to match objects or sensations perceived to things we already know. The goal in design is to
utilize perceptual capabilities so screen can be structured in the most meaningful and obvious way.

Thus, perception in humans describes the process whereby sensory stimulation is translated into
organized experience, whether that be on a top-down or bottom-up basis

Perceptual characteristics include the following:

Proximity. Our eyes and mind see objects as belonging together if they are near each other in space.The
principle of proximity states that items close together are likely to be perceived as part of the same
group — sharing similar functionality or traits.

Similarity. Our eyes and mind see objects as belonging together if they share a common visual property,
such as color, size, shape, brightness, or orientation. The principle of similarity simply states that when
items share some visual characteristic, they are assumed to be related in some way. The items don't
need to be identical, but simply share at least one visible trait such as color, shape, or size to be
perceived as part of the same group.

Matching patterns. We respond similarly to the same shape in different sizes. The letters of the
alphabet, for example, possess the same meaning, regardless of physical size. Pattern

Patterns are simply a repetition of more than one design element working in concert with each other. A
seamless pattern is one where every element within a design (no matter how often it’s repeated)
combines to form a whole. This is most common in backgrounds on web and app pages.

Succinctness. We see an object as having some perfect or simple shape because perfection or simplicity
is easier to remember. Succinctness also known as concision is precision. By that, we mean that the
fewer words a writer uses, the clearer his or her writing is. Now, we're not advocating leaving necessary
ideas or content out, and we understand that assignments come with word counts

Closure. Our perception is synthetic; it establishes meaningful wholes. If something does not quite close
itself, such as a circle, square, triangle, or word, we see it as closed anyway. The principle of closure
states that people will fill in blanks to perceive a complete object whenever an external stimulus
partially matches that object. Even when we're missing information, we tend to make sense of our
environment by filling in the gaps to see a complete object.
Unity. Objects that form closed shapes are perceived as a group. o Continuity. Shortened lines may be
automatically extended. Unity is the principle of design that unifies all other principles within a piece of
work, allowing each individual element to coexist with one another to form an aesthetically pleasing
design.

Continuity refers to the view that development is a gradual, continuous process and is affected by
biological factors that exist internal to the individual. But the energy of CONTINUITY is such a beautiful
example of how we are put on this earth to work with each other. That we are all pieces of the puzzle is
one of my favorite revelations of Human Design. Someone who has the workforce energy to start and
sustain a business might not have any sense at all of what business ideas will work.

Balance. We desire stabilization or equilibrium in our viewing environment. Vertical, horizontal, and
right angles are the most visually satisfying and easiest to look at. Balance is the distribution of the visual
weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale, these elements should be
balanced to make a design feel stable.

Context. Context, environment, and surroundings also influence individual perception. For example, two
drawn lines of the same length may look the same length or different lengths, depending on the angle of
adjacent lines or what other people have said about the size of the lines.

Expectancies. Perception is also influenced by expectancies; sometimes we perceive not what is there
but what we expect to be there. Missing a spelling mistake in proofreading something we write is often
an example of a perceptual expectancy error; we see not how a word is spelled, but how we expect to
see it spelled.

Signals versus noise. Our sensing mechanisms are bombarded by many stimuli, some of which are
important and some of which are not. Important stimuli are called signals; those that are not important
or unwanted are called noise.