VELAMMAL GROUP OF SCHOOLS

GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY
LN: 2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES IN INDIA
Prepared by Ms.Gowri (VVS-Bhaghat Singh)

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India

1.Why should we conserve forest and wildlife?

A. To protect biodiversity B. To maintain ecosystem
C. To maintain balance D. To continue food chain
2. The Buxar Tiger Reserve is seriously threatened by:
A. Iron ore mining B. Oil exploration
C. Dolomite mining in that area D. Volcanic eruption in that area
3.Fisheries are heavily dependent on the maintenance of …………….
A. Artificial ponds B. Mating and reproduction
C. aquatic biodiversity. D. ecological diversity
4.In which year was the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act implemented?
A. 1972 B. 1975 C. 1980 D. 1965
What was the plan of this act?
A. protecting the remaining population of certain endangered species by banning hunting,
B. To conserve forests
C. To breed animals
D. Employment for jungle habitants
5. Which particular animal came under the threatened list?
A. the tiger B. leopard C. Black buck D. Peacock
6.Which type of crocodiles came under the threatened list?
A. freshwater crocodile B. Common crocodile
C. Mushy water crocodile D. Damp Water crocodile
7.Which animals have been given full or partial legal protection against hunting and trade
throughout India?
A. Peacock B. Partridge C. lion D. Asiatic lion
8. What was the reason for the extinction of Tigers?
A. trade of tiger skins and the use of their bones in traditional medicines
B. Hunting for fun
C. Killing by the locals for protection from attacks
D. Poisoning them
9.Which animal has been threatened to extinction because of poaching for trade, shrinking
habitat, depletion of prey base species?
A. Asiatic Lion B. Tiger C. Kashmir stag D. Gharial
When was “Project Tiger” launched?
A. 1975 B. 1972 C. 1973 D. 1977
10.Which insects under notification of Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986?
A. grasshopper B. Butterflies C. Bees D. wasps

TYPES AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

11.What are reserved forests?
A. most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources are concerned
B. forest land are protected from any further depletion.
C. forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and
communities
D. Forest land reserved for wood resources
12. What type of forest lands are protected from any further depletion.
A. Reserved forests B. Unclassed forests
C. Protected forests D. National parks
13.What are unclassed forests?
A. Forest land reserved for wood resources
B. forest land are protected from any further depletion.
C. most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources are concerned
D. forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and
communities
14.Which forests are also referred to as permanent forest estates maintained for the purpose
of producing timber and other forest produce, and for protective reasons?
A. Reserved forests B. Unclassed forests C. Tropical forests D. National parks
15.Which state in India has the largest area under permanent forests?
A. Jammu & Kashmir B. Madhya Pradesh C. Tamil Nadu D. West Bengal
16. How much is the total forest area of Madhya Pradesh under permanent forests?
A. 65% B. 75% C. 70% D. 85%
17.Name two states that have a bulk of it under protected forests?
A. Madhya Pradesh B. Himachal Pradesh C. Maharashtra D. Tamil Nadu
18.Which state has large areas under unclassed forests?
A. Gujarat B. Andhra Pradesh C. Odisha D. Haryana

COMMUNITY AND CONSERVATION

19.Beliefs such as nature worship by the tribals have preserved several virgin forests in
pristine form called …………Sacred Groves
A. Sacred Groves B. Home Groves
C. Holy Forests D. Heaven in Forest
20.How are the sacred groves treated?
A. Only the villagers can use them
B. patches of forest or parts of large forests have been left untouched by the local people and
any interference with them is banned
C. They are under government control
D. Local communities take care of them
21.Tribals of Odisha and Bihar worship the ……………trees during weddings.
A. Tamarind B. Eucalyptus C. Banyan D. Peepal
22. ………. are often ascribed to springs, mountain peaks, plants and animals which are
closely protected.
A. Pure qualities B. Medicinal qualities C. Impure qualities D. Sacred qualities
23.Which movement in the Himalayas has successfully resisted deforestation?
A. The Himalyan movement B. Chipko movement
C. Save Forests movement D. Save trees Movement
24.Which Farmers and citizen’s groups have worked towards diversified crop production
without the use of synthetic chemicals?
A. Chipko B. Beej Bachao Andolan C. Kissan andolan D. Kissan seva
25.What does joint forest management (JFM) furnish?
A. diversified crop production
B. No use of pesticides
C. involving local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests.
D. Large scale production
26.When did JFM come into existence?
A. 1987 B. 1988 C. 1976 D. 177
27.Which state passed the first resolution for joint forest management?
A. Madhya Pradesh B. Karnataka C. Himachal Pradesh D. Odisha
28.JFM depends on the formation of…………………………. that undertake protection
activities mostly on degraded forest land managed by the forest department
A. State managed institutions B. District level institutions
C. local (village) institutions D. National bodies
29.What benefits are the members of these communities entitled to by the JFM?
A. benefits like in all forest products
B. share in the timber harvested by ‘successful protection’.
C. Share in the financial output
D. Share in the different plants and crops
30.Which of these statements is not a valid reason for the depletion of flora and fauna?
A. Agricultural expansion. B Large scale developmental projects.
C. Grazing and fuel wood collection. D. Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation.
31.Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community
participation?
A. Joint forest management B. Chipko Movement
C. Beej Bachao Andolan D. Demarcation of Wildlife sanctuaries

CASE BASED QUESTIONS

1.Project Tiger is a pioneering conservation initiative in India aimed at protecting the
majestic Bengal tiger and its habitat. Launched in 1973, this visionary project has played a
pivotal role in saving India’s national symbol from the brink of extinction. Covering 50 tiger
reserves across the country, Project Tiger has been instrumental in bolstering tiger
populations and restoring their natural habitats. Through rigorous anti-poaching measures,
community involvement, and habitat preservation, the project has helped India’s tiger
population grow from a mere 1,411 in 2006 to over 2,900 in recent years. Project Tiger’s
success extends beyond tigers; it has also benefited countless other species and ecosystems. It
showcases the power of conservation efforts when governments, communities, and
organizations collaborate to protect biodiversity. As India continues to expand its
conservation efforts, Project Tiger remains an inspiring model for wildlife conservation
worldwide.
Q1) What are the major threats to tiger population.
Ans: The threats to tiger population are numerous, such as poaching for trade, shrinking
habitat, depletion of prey base species, growing human population, etc. The trade of tiger
skins and the use of their bones in traditional medicines, especially in the Asian countries left
the tiger population on the verge of extinction

Q2) Name 5 tiger reserves in India

Ans: Five tiger reserves in India are-Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, Sunderbans
National Park in West Bengal, Bandhavgarh National Park in Madhya Pradesh, Sariska
Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan, Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam.
Q3) Why conservation of tiger is given so much importance?
Answer Tiger conservation is not merely an effort to protect an endangered species. Tiger act
as key species is ecosystem and helps to maintain a balance by keeping the population of
herbivores in check and maintain a healthy balance.

2.India, known for its rich biodiversity and vast forested areas, is facing an alarming issue –
the depletion of its forest cover. This decline in forested regions is a cause for concern due to
its far-reaching ecological, economic, and social consequences. Several factors contribute to
the diminishing forest area in India. Deforestation driven by urbanization, infrastructure
development, agriculture expansion, and illegal logging poses a significant threat.
Additionally, forest fragmentation disrupts wildlife habitats and ecological balance. The
consequences are severe: loss of biodiversity, reduced water retention, increased carbon
emissions, and diminished livelihoods for forest-dependent communities. Recognizing the
urgency, India has implemented afforestation and reforestation programs, strengthened
conservation efforts, and promoted sustainable forestry practices. Preserving and expanding
forest cover is imperative for India’s sustainable future. This requires a concerted effort from
government, communities, and individuals to protect and restore these invaluable ecosystems.

Q1) Give a brief account of classification of forest in India? Mark 2

Ans: In India forest are classified mainly into following categories
More than half of the total forest land has been declared
reserved forests. Reserved forests are regarded as the most valuable
as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources are
Reserve Forest concerned
Almost one-third of the total forest area is protected forest, as
declared by the Forest Department. This
Protected Forest forest land are protected from any further depletion.
These are other forests and wastelands belonging to
Unclassified Forest both government and private individuals and communities.

Q2) Write about distribution of forest in India in state wise manner? Mark 2
Ans: Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanent forests,constituting 75 per cent of
its total forest area.Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Kerala, Tamil Nadu,
West Bengal, and Maharashtra have large percentages of reserved forests of its total forest
area whereas Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan have a bulk
of it under protected forests.

Case Study 3:
Local participation is instrumental in preserving forest areas in India. The involvement of
communities residing near forests plays a crucial role in sustainable forest management and
conservation for several reasons. Local communities often possess invaluable traditional
knowledge about forest ecosystems, including sustainable harvesting techniques, medicinal
plants, and wildlife behavior. This knowledge is essential for the effective management of
forests. Their livelihoods are often closely linked to the forest’s health, encouraging
responsible resource use and protection against illegal activities like logging and poaching.
Empowering local communities through sustainable livelihood opportunities derived from
forests, such as non-timber forest products or eco-tourism, reduces their dependence on
destructive activities and aligns their interests with conservation goals. Many indigenous and
local communities have deep cultural and spiritual connections with the land. This cultural
significance often drives a sense of responsibility and reverence for the forest.

Q1) What are the problems in conservation strategies in India? 1

Ans: In India forest also serve a home to many tribal people and hence once a area is
declared as conservation reserve people are forced to move out creating a resentment between
government and citizens. Furthermore delay in compensation fuel to this problem.

Q2) Write about various environment movement happened in India? 1

Ans: Chipko Movement in Himalayas resisted the deforestation in several areas, whereas
people of Rajasthan in alwar district declared a forest area “Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri”
declaring their own set of rules to preserve flora and fauna shows the commitment of local
people to preserve the environment .

Q3) What do you mean by scared groves . Give example 2

Answer nature worship and beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine form
called Sacred Groves (the forests of God and Goddesses). These patches of forest or parts of
large forests have been left untouched by the local people and any interference with them is
banned.
For example The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua (Bassia
latifolia) and kadamba (Anthocaphalus cadamba) trees.

Case Study 4:
Forest conflicts in India are complex struggles between various stakeholders, including
indigenous and local communities, the government, and industries. These conflicts typically
arise due to competing interests over forest resources and land. Indigenous and local
communities often find themselves marginalized, facing threats to their traditional way of life
and land rights when forest land is allocated for infrastructure, mining, or large-scale
development projects.
The conflict also extends to conservation efforts, as stringent forest protection measures can
lead to the displacement of communities residing in protected areas. This conflict between
conservation and livelihoods highlights the need for a balanced approach that respects the
rights and knowledge of forest-dependent communities while safeguarding the environment.
Efforts to address these conflicts include the Forest Rights Act, which recognizes the land
and resource rights of indigenous and forest-dwelling communities, and initiatives to promote
community-based forest management.
Q1) Joint forest management can help in reducing conflict between citizen and government in
India. Give points to support the statement.2
Ans: Joint Forest management depends on the formation of local (village) institutions that
undertake protection activities mostly on degraded forest land managed by the forest
department. In return, the members of these communities are entitled to intermediary benefits
like non-timber forest produces and share in the timber harvested by ‘successful protection’.
Hence both the parties interest are converging conflict is replaced by cooperation.

Q2) Why conservation of flora and fauna is important for human existence? 2
Ans: Humans along with all living organisms form a complex web of ecological system in
which human beings are only a part and very much dependent on this system for our own
existence. For example, the plants, animals and micro-organisms re-create the quality of the
air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil that produces our food without which human
beings cannot survive.

Q3)How are women affected due to depletion of wildlife and forests?

A. Due to exploitation of women
B. Attacked by wild animals
C. drudgery of women increases and sometimes they have to walk for more than 10 km to
collect these resources
D. They get looted on the way