PROVINCE OF KWAZULU-NATAL

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

GRADE 12

LIFE SCIENCES

REVISION DOCUMENT
Learner’s Book

May 2019
 INTRODUCTION

This document has been prepared as revision material for the Final Examinations for Grade 12
Life Sciences.

The materials have been arranged in such a way that studying can be undertaken topic-wise.
Within each topic, questions on the different sub-topics are arranged in the same sequence as
that in the 2017 Examination Guideline Document.

Questions were selected such that all the core concepts and core skills are assessed.

Please note that some question types such as terminology, multiple choice and A/B matching
do not feature prominently in this document. Past examination papers should be used to gain
exposure to answering those question types.

After the contents page, is a learner checklist. This can be used by the learner to plot their
progress in preparation for a test or exam. As they feel confident after answering questions on
different aspects of a topic, those aspects can be ticked off on the checklist.
 CONTENTS

No Topic Page
1. Nucleic Acids 1

2. Meiosis 14

3. Reproductive Strategies 27

4. Human Reproduction 33

5. Genetics 64

6. Nervous Co-ordination 86

7. Endocrine System 108

8. Homeostasis 114

9. Plant Hormones 119

10. Evolution 133

11. Human Impact of the Environment 158

 TOPIC ASPECT TOPIC ASPECT DBE N DBE

Tr
ial
20
18

P2
2015(L) F/M
2016

Trial
P2
2018
Reproduction in Diversity in reproductive strategies ü
Genetics and Genetic terminology ü ü
vertebrates
inheritance Complete dominance ü ü
Human reproduction Male reproductive system
Incomplete dominance ü
Female reproductive system
Co-dominance ü
Puberty
Menstrual cycle (incl hormones) Inheritance of sex
Sex-linked characteristics ü ü
Development of foetus
Dihybrid crossing ü ü
Responding to the The brain
Mutations ü
environment: Neurons, reflex actions and reflex arcs
Humans Pedigree diagrams ü ü
Peripheral nervous system
Genetic modification ü
Autonomic nervous system
Structure and functions of parts of the Stem cell and cloning
eye Paternity testing and DNA profiling ü ü
Accommodation Evolution Evidence for evolution ü ü
Pupillary mechanism Sources of variation ü ü
Visual defects Lamarck and Darwin’s theories ü ü
Structure and functions of parts of the Natural and artificial selection ü ü
ear Punctuated equilibrium ü
Hearing Speciation ü ü
Balance Mechanisms for reproductive isolation ü ü
Hearing defects Evolution in present times ü ü
Human endocrine Glands and the hormones they secrete Human evolution: similarities with ü
system Negative feedback - glucose African apes
Negative feedback - thyroxin Human evolution: differences with ü ü
Homeostasis in Negative feedback - glucose African apes
humans Trends in human evolution ü ü
Negative feedback - carbon dioxide
Out of Africa hypothesis ü ü
Negative feedback - water
Phylogenetic trees ü ü
Negative feedback – salts
The role of the skin on hot and cold
days
Responding to the Functions of auxins, gibberellins and Draw a line graph
environment: Plants abscisic acid Draw a bar graph ü ü
Role of auxins in phototropism and Draw a histogram
geotropism Draw a pie chart
Human impact on Atmosphere and climate change Skills Draw diagrams
the environment Water availability Answer essay questions ü ü
Water quality Interpret graphs ü
Food security Extracts ü
Loss of biodiversity Calculation ü ü
Waste disposal Sc investigations ü ü
Meiosis The process of meiosis using diagrams ü ü Paragraph questions ü ü
Significance of meiosis ü Terminology ü ü
Differences between meiosis I and ü Interpret tables
meiosis II
Non-disjunction
DNA – The Code of Structure of DNA and RNA ü ü
Life Differences between DNA and RNA
DNA replication ü ü
Protein synthesis ü ü
 Nucleic Acids Question 2
QP: NOV 2011,P1,Version 1,Q4.1&4.2
Question 1
QP: FEB/MARCH 2018; P2; Q1.4

1.1

1.2
2.1

1.3 2.2

2.3

1.4

1.5

1 2
Question 3 Question 4
QP: FEB/MARCH 2015, P2,Q1.4 QP: FEB/MARCH 2016,P2,Q3.1

4.1

4.2

Question 5
QP: MAY/JUNE 2016,P2, Q4

Question 6
QP: NOV 2011, Version 1(FT),Q4.2
3.1

6.1

6.2

3.2

3.3

3 4
Question 7 Question 8
QP: FEB/MARCH 2010,P1,Q2.3 QP: JUNE/JULY 2015, P2, Q2.4

7.1
8.1
7.2 7.1
8.2
7.3
8.3
7.4

7.5

(8)
8.4

5 6
Question 9 Question 11
QP: NOV 2018,P2, Q4 QP: NOV. 2008,P1,Q2.1

Question:10
QP: NOV 2010,P1, Q1.5

10.1

10.2

10.3
11.1

10.4

11.2

11.3

(8)

7 8
Question 12 Question 13
QP: FEB/MARCH 2016,P2,Q2.3 QP: NOV 2017,P2,Q 2.1

13.1

12.1 13.2

12.2 13.3

13.4

12.3

12.4

QUESTION 13.4 (a) will have on the resulting protein.

12.5 13.5

9 10
 Question 15
Question 14 QP: NOV 2016,P2,Q2.5
QP: JUNE/JULY 2015,P2,Q2.3

14.1

14.2 15.1

14.3 15.2

15.3
14.4

15.4

15.5

11 12
Life Sciences/P2 10 DBE/2017
SCE
Life Sciences/P2 10 DBE/2017
Question 16 SCE MEIOSIS
QP: MAY/JUNE 2017,P2,Q2.3 Question 1
2.3 A species of bacteria contains a type of protein, called protein 1. A mutation QP: P1 FEB – MAR 2018 Q 3.3.
A species
2.3occurred bacteria contains
whichof resulted type of protein,
in the aformation called protein
of a second type1.ofA protein
mutation called
occurred which resulted in the formation of a second type of protein called
protein 2, instead of protein 1.
protein 2, instead of protein 1.
Scientists determined
Scientists determinedthe
theamino
amino acid
acid sequence
sequenceof of
eacheach protein.
protein. They They
then then
used used the amino
the amino acid
acid sequence
sequence to find the
to find theDNA
DNAbase
basesequences
sequencesthat coded
that coded
for portions
for portions of these
of these proteins.
proteins.
The results
The results are are shown
shown in inthe
thetables below.
tables below.

PORTION OF PROTEIN 1
PORTION
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE LysineOF PROTEIN
Serine 1 Proline Cysteine
AMINO ACID
DNA SEQUENCE
BASE SEQUENCE Lysine
TTT Serine
TCA GGT
Proline ACG Cysteine
DNA BASE SEQUENCE TTT TCA GGT ACG
PORTION OF PROTEIN 2
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE
PORTION Serine
LysineOF PROTEIN 2 Proline Tryptophan
DNA BASE SEQUENCE TTT TCA GGT ACC
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE Lysine Serine Proline Tryptophan
DNA BASE
2.3.1 SEQUENCE
Give the: TTT TCA GGT ACC
16.1
2.3.1 Give(a)the:DNA triplet for the third amino acid from the left in the
sequence for protein 2 (1)
(a) (b)DNA triplet for the third amino acid from the left in the
Codon for lysine (1)
sequence for protein 2 (1)
(c) Anticodon for serine (1)
(b) Codon for lysine (1)
2.3.2 Protein 1 is made up of 66 amino acids.
Anticodon
(c) How for serine
many of EACH of the following is involved in the formation of
(1)
16.2
this protein?
2.3.2 Protein 1 is made up of 66 amino acids.
(a) Genes (1)
How many of EACH of the following is involved in the formation of
RNA nucleotides (1)
this (b)
protein?
(c) Codons (1)
(a) Genes (1)
2.3.3 Describe how the mutation caused a change in the structure of the
(b) protein.
RNA nucleotides (4) (1)
(10)
(c) Codons (1)
16.3 2.3.3 Describe how the mutation caused a change in the structure of the
protein. (4)
(10)

Question 17
QP: NOV 2015,P2,Q4

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13 14
 Question 3
Question 2 QP: P2 NOV 2016 Q : 2.2
QP: P2 May-Jun 2017 Q 3.1

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4
3.1

3.2

3.3.

15 16
Question 4 Question 5
QP: P1 Nov 2016 Q 1.4 QP:P2 May-June 2018 Q 1.6

5.1

4.1

5.2

4.2

5.3
4.3

17 18
 Question 7
Question 6 QP: P2 FEB – MAR 2017 Q 1.5
QP: P1 NOV 2017 Q 2.3

7.1

7.2

6.1

6.2 5.1
7.3
6.3
7.4

6.4

7.5

19 20
Question 8 Question 9
QP: P2 FEB-MAR 2018 Q 2.1 QP: P1 NOV 2012 V1 Q 2.1

9.1

8.1 9.2

8.2
9.3
8.3
9.4
8.4

8.5 9.5

8.6

21 22
 Question 11
Question 10 QP: P2 NOV 2018 Q 2.1
QP: P2 NOV 2015 Q 2.3

11.1

11.2

11.3

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

23 24
Question 12 Question 13
QP: P2 FEB-MAR 2015 3.1 QP: P2 NOV 2017 Q 4

12.1

12.2

12.3
12.2

12.4

25 26
 Question 3
REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES
Question 1
Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next
to the question number (1.1 to 1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

1.1 A type of fertilisation in which the nucleus of a sperm fuses with the
nucleus of an ovum outside the body of the female

1.2 The reproductive strategy when hatchlings are able to move and
feed themselves

1.3 A type of egg where the embryo develops inside a fluid-filled sac which is surrounded
by a shell

1.4 The type of development in birds where offsprings are born helpless, unable to move
or feed themselves

1.5 A method of reproduction involving the hatching of eggs in the female reproductive
system
5x1=5

Question :2
QP: Nov P.1 2014 Q.1.3
Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN I applies to A ONLY, B ONLY,
BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN II. Write A only, B only, both A and B or
none next to the question number (2.1 to 2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK
.
COLUMN I COLUMN II
3.1
2.1 Embryo is nourished with yolk found in the egg A: Ovipary
B: Vivipary
2.2 Reserve source of food in amniotic egg A: Chorion
B: Yolk
A: Ovipary
2.3 Foetus is attached to the mother's uterus Vivipary
B:
The development in birds where the hatchlings can A: Precocial development 3.2
2.4
move soon after being born B: Altricial development
2.5 Shell-less fertilized eggs remain in the female’s A: Vivipary 3.3 3.2
oviduct until embryo is developed, then female gives B: Ovovivipary
birth to live young
A: Birds
2.6 High degree of parental care
B: Duck
The membrane that transfers nutrients from the A: Chorion
2.7
albumen to the embryo in birds B: Amnion
7x2=14

27 28
Question 4
QP: May/June 2017 P.1 Q. 2.1 Question 5
QP: Feb/March 2018 Q. 1.5

5.1

4.1

4.2
5.2
4.3

29 30
Question 6 Question 7
QP: May/June 2017 P.1 Q. 2.1 QP: May/June 2018 P.1 Q.4

(Any 4) (4)

6.1 Identify the membrane label E (1)

6.2 Give ONE function of part labelled E. (1)

6.3 Identify the LETTER only representing the membrane that :

(a) Protects the embryo during development. (1)

(b) Transfers nutrients from the albumen to the embryo. (1)
(c) Is responsible for respiration and for waste disposal from embryo. (1)
(5)

31 32
Life Sciences/P1 9 DoE/November 2009
NSC

SECTION B
Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) 9 DBE/November 2012
QUESTION 2 Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) NSC 9 DBE/November 2012
Life Sciences/P1 9 DoE/November 2009 NSC
NSC Question 2
2.1 Study the diagrams below and answer the
HUMAN questions that follow.
REPRODUCTION QP: Nov 2012 1.4
SECTION B 1.4 Study the diagram of the male reproductive system below.
Question 1 1.4 Study the diagram of the male reproductive system below.
QUESTION 2
QP: Nov 2009; P1; Q2.1
2.1 Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow.
bladder F head
G
middle
A
bladder F piece
head A
A G
B
B middle B
piece G
A G
B
C C
tail C
D C
tail
D
D D
E
E
F E
F E
Human male reproductive system Human sperm cell
Human male reproductive system Human sperm cell

The structure of the male reproductive system

The structure of the male reproductive system
2.1.1
1.1 2.1.1
Provide Provide
labels for labels
A, B, for
E and E and G.
A, B, G. (4)(4)

2.1.2 State ONE function each of C and F, respectively. (2)

2.1.2
1.2 State ONE function each of C and F, respectively. (2)
1.4.1
2.1 Write down
1.4.1 Write LETTER
thedown (A to G) and
the LETTER (A tothe
G) NAME the following:
and theofNAME of the following:
2.1.3 State the LETTER and NAME of the part where sperm are
1.3
2.1.3 State the produced.
LETTER and NAME of the part where sperm are (2)
produced. (2) (a) The (a) where
part The meiosis
part where takes place
meiosis takes place (2) (2)
2.1.4 Explain why it is necessary for part D to 'hang outside' the body of
the male. (2)
1.4
2.1.4 Explain why it is necessary for part D to 'hang outside' the body of (b) The (b)
part The transports
that part semen and
that transports semen to the
urineand outside
urine to the of
outside
the of the
the2.1.5
male. Name the following: (2) body body (2) (2)
(a) The cells that secrete a male sex hormone (1)
1.5
2.1.5 Name the following: (c) The (c) where
part The immature
part sperm cells
where immature sperm stored
are cells are stored (2) (2)
(b) The hormone that stimulates the development of secondary
(a) The cells that secrete
sexual characteristics
a maleinsex hormone
males (1)(1) 2.2
1.4.2 hormone that is responsible for the development of
1.4.2
Name theName
male the male hormone that is responsible for the development of
2.1.6 During a vasectomy, part B is surgically cut. secondary sexual characteristics
secondary during puberty.
sexual characteristics during puberty. (1) (1)
(b) The hormone that stimulates the development of secondary
sexual(a)
characteristics
Explain how inthis procedure will act as a method of
males (1) 1.4.3 Write down LETTER (A to G) of following:
contraception. (2)
2.3 1.4.3 Write
thedown the LETTER (Athe
to G) of the following:
1.6
2.1.6 During a vasectomy, part B is surgically cut.
(b) Will it be possible for a man who is HIV positive to pass the (a) The (a) where
part The part hormone
thewhere mentioned
the hormone in QUESTION
mentioned 1.4.2
in QUESTION
2.2 is 1.4.2 is
HI virus
(a) Explain how to another
this person after
procedure undergoes
willheact as aa vasectomy?
method of (1) producedproduced (1) (1)
contraception. (2)
(c) Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.1.6 (b). (2)
(17) (b) The (b) which
part The is cut
part surgically
which during male
is cut surgically sterilisation
during male sterilisation (1) (1)
(b) Will it be possible for a man who is HIV positive to pass the (9) (9)
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HI virus to another person after he undergoes a vasectomy?
Please turn over (1)

TOTAL SECTION A:
TOTAL SECTION
50A: 50
(c) Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.1.6
1.6 (b)(b). (2)
(17)
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 Life Sciences/P1 NSC 9 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2015
NSC

SECTION B Life Sciences/P1 8 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2015

SECTION B Life Sciences/P1 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2015
NSC 8
NSC
QUESTION 2 Question 4
QUESTION
Question 3 2
QP: Feb 2015 P1 2.1 QP: Feb 2015 P1 1.4
2.1 Study the diagram 1.4 Study the diagram below, which shows a process occurring in a human male.
2.1 Study the diagram
below. below. 1.4 Study the diagram below, which shows a process occurring in a human male.

st
meiotic
1st 1 division
meiotic division
C C
A A
nd
meiotic
2nd 2meiotic division
division

A A
B
B
B B

Male reproductive
Male reproductive systemsystem 1.4.1 Name the process by which male gametes in humans are formed
1.4.1
4.1 the process
Namethrough by which male gametes in humans are formed
meiosis. (1)
through meiosis. (1)
2.1.1 labels of the following: 1.4.2 Name the organ in males where the process mentioned in
3.1
2.1.1 Give labels
Givefor eachforofeach
the following: 4.2
1.4.2 the organ
NameQUESTION 1.4.1 males
in takes where the process mentioned in
place. (1)
(1) QUESTION 1.4.1
4.1 takes place. (1)
(a) A (a) A (1) 1.4.3 How many chromosomes will be found in each cell at:
(b) B (1) 4.3
1.4.3 How many chromosomes will be found in each cell at:
(b) B (1) (a) A (1)
(c) C (1) (a) A (1)
(c) C (1) (b) B (1)
2.1.2 State ONE function of part A. (1) (b) B (1)
2.1.2
3.2 State ONE function of part A. (1) 1.4.4 Name TWO processes occurring during the 1st meiotic division that
contribute to the genetic variation of cells A.st (2)
2.1.3 Explain the consequences for reproduction if part C is surgically 1.4.4
4.4 Name TWO processes occurring during the 1 meiotic division that
2.1.3
3.3 the consequences for reproduction if part C is surgically
Explain cut. (3) genetic A. (2)
cut. (3) 1.4.5contribute
How many
to thecells at Bvariation
will carry of
thecells
Y-chromosome? (1)
2.1.4 Explain why it would still be possible for an HIV positive man to 1.4.5
4.5 1.4.6How many cells
What are the B will carry
atmature the
cells at B Y-chromosome?
called? (1)
(1)
3.4
2.1.4 Explain infect would still
why itanother be possible
person during sexual HIV positive
for anintercourse man
after part
to C is
(8)
infect another
surgicallyperson
cut. during sexual intercourse after part C is (2) 4.6
1.4.6 What are the mature cells at B called? (1)
surgically cut. (2) (9) TOTAL SECTION A: 50
(8)
(9)
2.2 Describe how the different parts of the ear and brain allow for hearing to TOTAL SECTION A: 50
2.2 how the different parts of the ear and brain allow for hearing to
Describeoccur. (7)
occur. (7)

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Life Sciences/P1
Life Sciences/P1 9 9 DBE/Feb.–Mar.
DBE/Feb.–Mar.
2018 2018
NSC Life Sciences/P1 9 DBE/2015
NSC Life Sciences/P1 9 DBE/2015
SCE
SCE
Question 5 Question 6
QP: Feb 2018 p1 2.2 QP: June 2015 P1 2.2
2.2 below represent gametogenesis in human 2.2 Read the
2.2 passage
Read below and
the passage answer
below the questions
and answer that follow.
the questions that follow.
2.2Diagrams
Diagrams
I and III and II below represent gametogenesis in human
malesmales
and and
femalesfemales any particular
(not in (not sequence).
in any particular sequence).
EXERCISE AND SPERM
EXERCISE COUNT
AND SPERM COUNT
The diagrams are NOT
The diagrams aredrawn to scale.
NOT drawn to scale.
Research was conducted
Research to determine
was conducted the effect
to determine of lifestyle
the effect on the
of lifestyle onsperm
the sperm
count of young
count of young
males. males.
In thisInstudy, 189 young
this study, 189 young students
male male students a
from from a
university
university
in NewinYork
Newfilled
Yorkout questionnaires
filled on their
out questionnaires onphysical activity,
their physical activity,
diet, diet,
stress and
stressother
andlifestyle
other lifestyle Each male
factors.factors. Each student then provided
male student a semen
then provided a semen
I
MeiosisMeiosis I sample.sample.

The results
The results that the
showedshowed thatmale
the students who exercised
male students for more
who exercised for more
than than
1 1 1 1 15 hours
15 ahours
weeka had
weeka had
sperma sperm
count count 73 percent
73 percent higherhigher
than than
thosethose
who who
II
MeiosisMeiosis II exercised
exercised fewer
fewer than 5 than
hours5 ahours
week.a week.

3 3 A second
A second investigation
investigation showedshowedthat men
thatwho who watched
menwatched more more than
than 20 20 hours
hours of of
2 2 TV per TV
week week instead
perinstead of exercising
of exercising had a had a 44 percent
44 percent lower lower
spermsperm
countcount
than than
men whomen who watched
watched little or little
no TV.or no TV.
Degenerating cells
Degenerating cells

Diagram I
Diagram I Diagram II
Diagram II A person
A person who exercises,
who exercises, secretessecretes more antioxidant
more antioxidant enzymes
enzymes that can can prevent
thatprevent
a natural
a natural processprocess
called called oxidative
oxidative stress stress from damaging
from damaging cell membranes
cell membranes in in
the body.
the This This damage
body.damage can disrupt
can disrupt the formation
the formation of new new sperm.
of sperm. WhenWhen
5.1
2.2.1 2.2.1 the specific
IdentifyIdentify the specific gametogenesis
type oftype in Diagram
of gametogenesis I.
in Diagram I. (1) (1) watching
watching TV or sitting,
TV or sitting, the scrotum
the scrotum gets pushed
gets pushed against
against their body,
their body, making
making
the region region
the of the testis
of thehotter hotter
testis and and possibly
possibly preventing
preventing new sperm
new sperm from being
from being
your answer to QUESTION 2.2.1
5.1 by referring to a visible produced.
produced.
5.2
2.2.2 2.2.2
ExplainExplain your answer to QUESTION 2.2.1 by referring to a visible
difference between
difference Diagram
between I and Diagram
Diagram II.
I and Diagram II. (2) (2) [Adapted from National Geographic News, February 2013]
[Adapted from National Geographic News, February 2013]
5.3
2.2.3 2.2.3
Where Where in the human
in the human body does does
bodythe type
theoftype of gametogenesis
gametogenesis shownshown 2.2.1 Name the specific meiotic process responsible for the production of
in Diagram
in Diagram take place?
II take IIplace? (1) (1) 6.1
2.2.1 Name the specific meiotic process responsible for the production of
sperm cells. (1)
sperm cells. (1)
5.4
2.2.4 2.2.4 Give
Give the the chromosome
chromosome number
number of: of: 2.2.2 Explain why a high temperature in the region of the testis may
2.2.2
6.2 Explainprevent high
why athe temperature
production of new the region of the testis may
insperm. (2)
(a) The
(a) cells
Theatcells
1 at 1 (1) (1) prevent the production of new sperm. (2)
2.2.3 State a general conclusion that can be drawn from the results in
(b) Cell
(b) 2 Cell 2 (1) (1) 6.3
2.2.3 State athe general conclusion that can be drawn from the results in
first investigation. (2)
the first investigation. (2)
2.2.5 2.2.5
5.5 Name TWO TWO processes
Nameprocesses that take
thatplace place during
take during Meiosis
Meiosis I that lead
I thattolead to 2.2.4 State ONE way in which the reliability of this study can be
geneticgenetic variation
variation in the
in the four cells cells shown
fourshown at 3 in at 3 in Diagram
Diagram II. II. (2) (2) 6.4
2.2.4 State ONE way in which the reliability of this study can be
increased. (1)
increased. (1)
2.2.6 2.2.6
5.6 ExplainExplain the implication
the implication for thefor the human
human population
population size if size the three
the ifthree 2.2.5 Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of a sperm cell. (4)
cells referred
cells referred to in Diagram
to in Diagram I did
I did not not degenerate,
degenerate, but remained
but remained as as 2.2.5
6.5 Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of a sperm cell. (4) (10)
gametes.gametes. (2) (2) (10)
(10) (10)

37 38
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Life Sciences/P1 10 DBE/2016
Life Sciences/P1 10 DBE/2016 Life Sciences/P1 11 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
SCE D
SCE NSC
With reference to the diagram in QUESTION D2.2 and the table
SECTION above:
SECTION
B B
With reference to the diagram in QUESTION 2.2 and the table
Give the LETTER above:
(a) Name
and the amino
NAME of: acid labelled P. (2)
QUESTION
QUESTION
Question
2 27 Give the LETTER and NAME of:
QP: June 2016 P1 2.1 (b) (a)theName
basethe amino acid
sequence labelled
of the P. Q. (2) (2)
below represents a sperm 1.4.1
8.1 The State
part that breaks down when themolecule
levels oflabelled
progesterone and
2.1 2.1 The diagram
The diagram below represents a sperm
cell.cell. 1.4.1 The part that breaks down when the levels of progesterone and
oestrogen
oestrogen drop
(b)
drop base molecule Q. (2) (2) (2)
(c) What name
Stateisthe
given tosequence
the tripletofofthe
tRNA baseslabelled
that codes for
A B
A B C C D D 8.2
1.4.2 each
part (c)amino
that Whatacid?
plays a role during
is givencopulation
to the triplet of tRNA bases that codes (2)(1)
1.4.2 The
Thepart that plays a name
role during copulation (2) for
each amino acid? (1)
1.4.3
8.3
1.4.3 (d)
The Describe
Thepart
partwhere how
wherethe zygote
the zygote composition
thewillwill formed
be be (2)
formed of the protein molecule (2)
changes if the base
(d) Describe sequence
how the composition
at X is UGUofinstead
the protein
of UCA.molecule(2)
1.4.4
1.4.4
8.4 The
Thepart
partwhere
wherethe
changes if thefollicles
theGraafian
Graafian base develop
sequence
follicles developat X is UGU instead of UCA.
(2) (2)(12) (2)
(8) (8)[30] (12)
[30]
QUESTION 3 TOTAL SECTION A: 50
Question TOTAL SECTION A: 50
QUESTION 9 3
3.1 The
QP: diagram
Feb 2011below
P1 3.1represents the female reproductive system.
3.1 The diagram below represents the female reproductive system.

2.1.1 Identify
7.1 2.1.1 Identify part:part: X
X
(a) (a)
B B (1)(1)
A
(b) D (1) Y A
(b) D (1) Y
2.1.2 Explain ONE way in which the sperm cell is adapted to ensure
7.2
2.1.2 Explain ONE way in which the sperm cell is adapted to ensure
effective movement towards the Fallopian tubes. (2)
effective movement towards the Fallopian tubes. (2)
B B
2.1.3 Explain the consequences for reproduction if a sperm cell did not
7.3
2.1.3 Explain consequences for reproduction if a sperm cell did not D D
havethe
part A. (3)
have part A. (3)(7)
(7)
Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) 7 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2013
2.2 Describe the path followed by a sound wave from its source to the cochlea in
NSC
Copyright reserved Please turn over
2.2 Describe
Question the
8 path
the human ear.followed by a sound wave from its source to the cochlea in (6)
the
QP:human ear.
Feb 2013 1.4 (6)
1.4 The diagram below shows the structure of the female reproductive system. Copyright reserved Please turn over

C C

3.1.1 Label structures A, B and C. (3)

9.1
3.1.1 Label structures A, B and C. (3)
3.1.2 State THREE functions of D. (3)
9.2
3.1.2 State THREE functions of D. (3)
B
3.1.3 Fertilisation usually takes place at Y. Why will a blockage at X:
C 9.3
3.1.3 Fertilisation usually takes place at Y. Why will a blockage at X:
(a) Prevent fertilisation at Y (1)
(a) Prevent fertilisation at Y (1)
(b) Not necessarily lead to infertility (2)
D (b) Not necessarily lead to infertility (2) (9)
(9)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Copyright reserved
Give the LETTER and NAME of: Please turn over Copyright reserved Please turn over
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1.4.1 The part that breaks down when the levels of progesterone and
oestrogen drop 39 (2) 40

1.4.2 The part that plays a role during copulation (2)

1.4.3 The part where the zygote will be formed (2)

1.4.4 The part where the Graafian follicles develop (2)

 D H
Life Sciences/P2 7 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2014
NSC
Male reproductive system Female reproductive system
Life Sciences/P2 7 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2014
NSC
1.4 diagrams
TheQuestion 10below show the human male and female reproductive systems. 11.1
2.1.1 Identify parts A, B and F respectively. (3)
QP: Feb 2014 P2 1.4
1.4 The diagrams below show the human male and female reproductive systems. 11.2
2.1.2 State ONE function of each of the following:

A E (a) The fluid produced by part C (1)

A E
(b) Part E (1)

11.3
2.1.3 Give the LETTER ONLY of the organ where meiosis takes place in
B the:
B F
C GF (a) Male reproductive system (1)
C HG
H (b) Female reproductive system (1)
D
D
11.4
2.1.4 Name the type of gametogenesis that takes place in the:

Write the LETTER (A–H) and NAME of the part: (a) Male reproductive system (1)
Write the LETTER (A–H) and NAME of the part:

1.4.1
10.1 1.4.1 Which transports of the body (2) (b) Female reproductive system (1)
Which transports
urine urine
to thetooutside
the outside of the body (2)
2.1.5
11.5 State TWO functions of part H. (2)
1.4.2 fertilisation
10.2 1.4.2 Where Where occurs
fertilisation occurs (2)
(2)
11.6
2.1.6 Explain why it is necessary for part D to be 'outside' the body in
1.4.3
10.3 1.4.3 Where Where
spermssperms are produced
are produced (2)
(2) males. (2)
Life Sciences/P1 7 DBE/November 2014
Life Sciences/P1 7 DBE/November 2014 (13)
ova NSC
produced
are NSC (2)
10.4 1.4.4
1.4.4 Where Where
ova are produced (2)
(8)
(8)
SECTION
SECTION B B
TOTAL SECTION A: 50
QUESTION
Question 11 2 TOTAL SECTION A: 50 Copyright reserved Please turn over
QUESTION 2
QP: Nov 2014 P1 2.1
2.1 Study the diagrams below showing the male and female reproductive
2.1 Study the diagrams below showing the male and female reproductive
systems.
systems.

F
F

B G
B C G
C E
E
A
A
D H
D H

Male reproductive system Female reproductive system

Male reproductive system Female reproductive system

2.1.1 Identify parts A, B and F respectively. (3)

2.1.1 Identify parts A, B and F respectively. (3)
2.1.2 State ONE function of each of the following:
2.1.2 State ONE function of each of the following:
Copyright reserved 41 Please turn over 42
(a) The fluid produced by part C (1)
(a) The fluid produced by part C (1)
Copyright reserved (b) Part E Please turn over (1)
(b) Part E (1)
2.1.3 Give the LETTER ONLY of the organ where meiosis takes place in
2.1.3 LETTER ONLY of the organ where meiosis takes place in
Give the the:
 Life Sciences/P1 NSC 8 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2018
NSC
Life Sciences/P1 10 DoE/November 2009
NSC
SECTION B
SECTION B Life Sciences/P1 10 DoE/November 2009
QUESTION 2 2.2 Study the graph below which shows the NSC
menstrual cycle and the influence of
Question 12
QUESTION 2 Question 13
QP: Feb 2018 P1 2.1 the
QP:different
Nov 2009 hormones
P1 2.2 on it.
2.1 The diagram below represents the sequence of events that takes place during 2.2 Study the graph below which shows the menstrual cycle and the influence of
2.1 The diagram below represents the sequence of events that takes place during
the ovarian cycle of a female.
the ovarian cycle of a female. the different hormones on it.

Pituitary/
LH
hypophysis FSH
hormone Pituitary/
LH
levels hypophysis FSH
hormone
levels

B Growth of follicle
B
Growth of follicle

oestrogen progesterone
Ovarian oestrogen progesterone
Ovarian
hormone levels
hormone levels

C C Thickness of Thickness of
uterine lining/
uterine lining/
endometrium endometrium

0 7 14 21 28
0 7 14 21 28
Days
A A Days
Hormonal regulation of the female reproductive cycle
Hormonal regulation of the female reproductive cycle
2.2.1 On which day does ovulation take place? (1)
2.1.1
12.1 2.1.1 Give
Give the name name
the of the: of the: 13.1
2.2.1 On which day does ovulation take place? (1)
2.2.2 Between which days does menstruation take place? (1)
(a) (a) Hormone
Hormone that controls
that controls the development
the development of structure
of structure A A (1) (1) 13.2
2.2.2 Between which days does menstruation take place? (1)
2.2.3 State any ONE function of luteinising hormone (LH). (1)

(b) (b) Process

Process taking place place
taking at C at C (1) (1) 2.2.3
13.3 State ONE function
2.2.4 anyDescribe of luteinising
the changes hormone
in the level of LH shown
(LH).in the graph. (1)
(3)

12.2
2.1.2 2.1.2 Describe
Describe the change
the change that takes
that place place
takes in the in the uterus
uterus the result
as theasresult of of 13.4
2.2.4 Describe
2.2.5 the changes
Describe the relationship of LH shown
in the levelbetween in the
the level of oestrogen
graph. and the (3)
the hormone
the hormone secreted
secreted by structure
by structure A. A. (2) (2) endometrium from day 7 to day 14. (2)
2.2.5
13.5 Describe the relationship between the level of oestrogen and the
2.1.3 Structure B degenerates if fertilisation does take place. 2.2.6 Explain
endometrium fromwhy
dayit 7is tonecessary
day 14. for the level of progesterone in the (2)
12.3
2.1.3 Structure B degenerates if fertilisation does not take
notplace.
blood to increase after ovulation. (2)
the implications of this for the: 13.6
2.2.6 Explain why it is necessary for the level of progesterone
ExplainExplain
the implications of this for the: 2.2.7 Did fertilisation take place in the 28-day cycle illustrated
in inthe
the
blood to increase
graph? after ovulation. (2)
(1)
(a) Ovarian cycle (3)
(a) Ovarian cycle (3)
2.2.7
13.7 Did Explain your
2.2.8 fertilisation take answer
place toinQUESTION 2.2.7.
the 28-day cycle illustrated in the (2)
(b) Uterine cycle (3) graph? (13)
(1)
(b) Uterine cycle (3)
(10) [30]
(10)
13.8
2.2.8 13.7.
Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.2.7. (2)
(13)
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[30]
Please turn over
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43 44
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 Life Sciences/P1 8 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
2.1 The following two graphs show theNSC changes in temperature in a woman's
body and the level of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone during the
menstrualLifecycle.
Sciences/P1
The release of the ovum 8takes place when there
DoE/Feb. very
is– aMarch 2010
Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) 13 DBE/November 2011 NSC
Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) 13 DBE/November 2011 SECTION
smallBincrease in body temperature.
NSC
NSC
Question 14 Question
QUESTION 15
2 SECTION B
QP: Nov 2011 P2 2.3 QP: Mar 2010 P1 2.1
2.3 Study the graph a menstrual cycle and influence Changes in body temperature of a woman
2.3 Study thebelow
graph of
below of a menstrual cyclethe
and the influence
of theofdifferent
the different QUESTION 2
hormones 2.1 The following two graphs show the changes in temperature in a woman's
hormones
on it. on it.
body and level oestrogen the
2.1 theThe following
of thetwohormones
graphs show the changes
andin progesterone
temperature in aduring
woman's
body The
37,1 menstrual cycle. release
and the level ofof
thethe
hormones takes place
ovum oestrogen and progesterone
when thereduring very
is a the
menstrual
small increase in bodycycle. The release of the ovum takes place when there is a very
temperature.
small increase in body temperature.
Pituitary/Pituitary/ 36,8
LH LH
hypophysishypophysis FSH FSH Changes in
Changes temperature
body in body temperature woman
of aof a woman
hormonehormone 36,5
levels levels
36,2 37,1

Temperature ºC
37,1
Growth of
Growth
follicleof follicle 36,8
36,8
0 36,5
5 10 15 20 25 30
oestrogen progesterone
progesterone 36,5 36,2 Day
oestrogen

Temperature ºC
Ovarian Ovarian
hormonehormone
levels levels 36,2

Temperature ºC
Changes 15
0 in the5level of10oestrogen 25
and20progesterone 30
Day
Progesterone
Thickness Thickness
of of 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
uterine lining/ level of oestrogen and progesterone
Changes in theDay
uterine lining/
endometrium
endometrium Progesterone

0 7 14 21 28 Changes in the level of oestrogen and progesterone

Oestrogen
0 7 14 21 28
Days Days Oestrogen Progesterone
Hormonal
Hormonal regulation
regulation of the of the female
female reproductive
reproductive cycle cycle

2.3.1 On which day does ovulation take place? (1)

2.3.1
14.1 On which day does ovulation take place? (1)

Levels of hormones in blood

Oestrogen
Levels of hormones in blood

2.3.2 Between which days does menstruation take place? (1) 0 5 0 105 15
10 15 20 20 25 25 30
30
14.2
2.3.2 Between which days does menstruation take place? (1)
Day Day
2.3.3 State ONE function of FSH during the menstrual cycle. (1)
14.3
2.3.3 State ONE function of FSH during the menstrual cycle. (1)
2.1.1 What was the temperature of the woman on day 15? (2)
2.3.4 Describe the functional relationship between progesterone and
14.4
2.3.4 Describe the functional relationship between progesterone and 2.1.1
15.1 What was the temperature of the woman on day 15? (2)
Levels of hormones in blood

FSH. (2) Life Sciences/P1 2.1.2 Calculate by how

9 many degrees Celsius her temperature
DoE/Feb. varied
– March
in 2010
FSH. (2) one10 cycle. (2)
2.1.2
15.2 0 Calculate
menstrualNSC
5 by how many degrees Celsius her temperature varied in 15 Show ALL
20 workings. 25 30
2.3.5 Account for the change in the thickness of the endometrial lining Day
14.5
2.3.5 Accountbetween change
for the day 14 and
in day thickness of the endometrial lining
the 21. (2)
one menstrual cycle. Show ALL workings. (2)
between day 14 and day 21. (2)
15.3
2.1.3 Copyright the graph,
Fromreserved ovulation
name THREE factors that indicate that Please turn over
2.3.6 Did fertilisation take place within the 28-day cycle illustrated in the 2.1.1 What was the temperature of the woman on day 15?
occurred. (2)
(3)
14.6
2.3.6 Did fertilisation
graph? take place within the 28-day cycle illustrated in the (1)
graph? (1) Copyright reserved
2.1.2 Calculate Celsius Please turn over
varied
15.4
2.1.4 Explain the by
importance
how manyofdegrees
the higher level
heroftemperature
progesterone fromin
2.3.7 Give TWO reasons for your answer to QUESTION 2.3.6. (2) one
day 15menstrual
onwards. cycle. Show ALL workings. (2)
(2)
14.7
2.3.7 Give TWO reasons for your answer to QUESTION 2.3.6. 14.6. (2) (10)
(10)
2.2 Study the diagram below which shows part of the process of protein
synthesis.
Copyright reserved Please turn over

45 46

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1 B
 Life Sciences/P1 13 DBE/2017
SCE

Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) 11 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2012 3.2 Study the graph below.
Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) 11 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2012
Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) NSC 11 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2012
NSC Life Sciences/P1 13 DBE/2017
NSC Life Sciences/P1 SCE 13 DBE/2017
Question 16 Question 17 Levels of two ovarianSCE
hormones released
2.3 QP:
Study 2012
Febthe graph
2.3 below showing the hormonal changes during pregnancy. QP: June 2017 P1 3.2
2.3 Study the graph below showing the hormonal changes during pregnancy. during the menstrual cycle
2.3 Study the graph below showing the hormonal changes during pregnancy. 3.2 Study 3.2 Study
the graph the graph below.
below.
OVULATION
180
Levels of two ovarian hormones released
160 Levels of two ovarian
during thehormones released
menstrual cycle
during the OVULATION
A menstrual B cycle
180
140 OVULATION
180 160
120 A B
160 140
100 A B
140 120

80 100
120
60 80
100

Hormone levels (nmg/mℓ)

60
40

Hormone levels (nmg/mℓ)

80 40
20
60 20
2.3.1
16.1 2.3.1
2.3.1 Identify
the following
Identify Identify the following structures:
structures:
the following structures:

Hormone levels (nmg/mℓ)

0 0
401 2 3 4 5 16 2 73 84 59 6107118 12 10 11
9 13 141215
1316 15 16
14 17 1817191820 20 21
19 21 2222
232324 25 26
2425 2627
27
(a) (a)
A(a) A
A Time (Days)
Time (Days)
20
(b) (b)
B(b) B
B (2)
(2) (2) 3.2.1 Identify:
17.1
03.2.1 Identify:
A
16.2
2.3.2
2.3.2 State
State the following:
the following: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (a)
8 9 Hormone
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 (1)
27
2.3.2 State the following: (a) Hormone A (1)
Time (Days) (b) Hormone B (1)
(a)
(a) Where
Where prolactin
prolactin is produced
is produced
(a) Where prolactin is produced Hormone B
(b) 3.2.2 (1)
3.2.1 Identify: What effect does an increase in hormone A have on the
endometrium? (2)
(b)
(b) The
The function
function of prolactin
of prolactin (2)
(b) The function of prolactin (2) (2) 3.2.2
17.2 What effect does an increase in hormone A have on the
(a)3.2.3Hormone
Ovulation
A is indicated on the graph. (1)
endometrium? (2)
2.3.3
2.3.3 Explain the
the significance
significance of of the
the levels
levels of
of oestrogen
oestrogen and progesterone
and progesterone
16.3
2.3.3 Explain Explain
the significance
dropping towardsof the the levels
end of oestrogen
pregnancy. and progesterone (2) (b) Hormone (a) BDefine ovulation. (2)(1)
dropping towards the end of
of pregnancy. (2) 3.2.3
17.3 Ovulation is indicated on the graph.
dropping towards the end of pregnancy. (2)
(b) On which day did ovulation take place? (1)
2.3.4
2.3.4 Explain what will happen if structure A breaks down at the
Explain what will happen if structure A breaks down at the end of the end of the 3.2.2 What effect does an increase in hormone A have on the
16.4
2.3.4 Explain first will happen
whatweek if structure A breaks down at the end of the
pregnancy. (2) ovulation.
(a) Define(c) (2)
first week of
of pregnancy. (2) endometrium? Which hormone secreted by the pituitary gland stimulates (2)
first week of pregnancy. (2) ovulation? (1)
2.3.5 pregnancy. (1) (b) On which day did ovulation take place? (1)
2.3.5 Suggest
Suggest the
the role
role of
of oxytocin
oxytocin around
around week
week 4040 of
of pregnancy. (1) 3.2.3 Ovulation
3.2.4 indicated
isExplain on the
why high graph.
levels of hormone B prevent the development of
2.3.5
16.5 Suggest the role of oxytocin around week 40 of pregnancy. (1) (9)
(9) follicles. (2)
(9) [30] (c) Which new
hormone secreted by the pituitary gland stimulates
[30] (a) Define ovulation. (2)
[30] ovulation?
3.2.5 Explain evidence in the graph that indicates that no fertilisation (1)
took place during the menstrual cycle shown above. (3)
(b) On which day did ovulation take place? (1)
17.4
3.2.4 Explain why high levels of hormone B prevent the development of (13)
new
Copyright
follicles. turn over
(2)
(c)reserved
Which hormone secreted by the pituitary gland Please
stimulates
3.2.5 ovulation?
Explain evidence in the graph that indicates that no fertilisation (1)
17.5
took place during the menstrual cycle shown above. (3)
3.2.4 Explain why high levels of hormone B prevent the development of (13)
new follicles. (2)
Copyright reserved Please turn over
3.2.5 Explain evidence in the graph that indicates that no fertilisation
47 took place during the menstrual48cycle shown above. (3)
Copyright
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reserved Please
Pleaseturn over
turnover
(13)
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 Life Sciences/P1 SCE 9 DBE/2018
SCE

SECTION B
Life Sciences/P1 8 DBE/November 2014 SECTION B
Life Sciences/P1 8 NSC DBE/November 2014 QUESTION 2
Question 18 NSC QUESTION 2
Question 19
QP: Nov 2014 P1 2.2 2.1 The J 2018 P1
QP: graph below
2.1 shows the concentration of progesterone in a woman's
2.2 The diagram below shows some of the changes that take place during the 2.1
blood during graph
The the below
early shows
stages the concentration of progesterone in a woman's
of pregnancy.
2.2 The diagram
menstrualbelow
cycle.shows some of the changes that take place during the blood during the early stages of pregnancy.
menstrual cycle.
Progesterone levels in a woman's blood
Progesterone levels in a woman's blood
the early
during during thestages of pregnancy
early stages of pregnancy
Growth of 45

)
45

)
Growth of
follicle
39,5 39,5
40 40
follicle
35 33,4 33,4
35 30
28 30
30 30 26,2 28
Thickness of 26,2
Thickness of
the uterine 25 25
21,6 21,6
the uterine
lining
lining 20 20
1 7 14 21 28 15 15
1 7 14 21 28
Days 10 10
Days 5
5

Progesterone level (ng/

Progesterone level (ng/

2.2.1 The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones. Name ONE 0 0
2.2.1
18.1 The hormone
menstrualwhich controlled
cyclewillisincrease in level hormones.
by between day Name ONE
2 and day 10. (1) 4 6 8 12
4 6 8 10 10 12 14 14
hormone which will increase in level between day 2 and day 10. (1) Gestation period (weeks)
Gestation period (weeks)
2.2.2 Give ONE observable reason for your answer to QUESTION 2.2.1. (2)
18.2
2.2.2 18.1.
Give ONE observable reason for your answer to QUESTION 2.2.1. (2)
2.2.3 Explain evidence from the diagram which indicates that fertilisation 2.1.1 Name TWO structures responsible for producing progesterone
18.3
2.2.3 Explain evidence 2.1.1
19.1 Name TWO structures responsible for producing progesterone
during pregnancy. (2)
took place. from the diagram which indicates that fertilisation (3) during pregnancy. (2)
took place. (3)
2.1.2 Describe the general trend in the change in progesterone levels in
2.2.4 Describe the developmental changes in the fertilised ovum until 19.2
2.1.2 Describe change in progesterone levels in
18.4
2.2.4 Describe the developmental thethe
woman's
generalblood
trendduring
in thethe early stages of pregnancy. (1)
implantation occurs in thechanges
uterus. in the fertilised ovum until (5) the woman's blood during the early stages of pregnancy. (1)
implantation occurs in the uterus. (5)
2.1.3 Describe the negative feedback mechanism that occurs between
2.2.5 Some females use an ovulation monitor so that they can be aware 2.1.3
19.3 Describe the negative
progesterone andfeedback mechanism
FSH during pregnancy.that occurs between (2)
18.5
2.2.5 Someoffemales
the daysuse
when ovulation
an they monitor
are fertile. so that
These they can
monitors be aware
measure the level progesterone and FSH during pregnancy. (2)
of theofdays when they
hormones are
in the fertile. These monitors measure the level
blood. 2.1.4 State the importance of the negative feedback mechanism
of hormones in the blood.
19.4
2.1.4 described
State the in QUESTION
importance of the2.1.3.
negative feedback mechanism (1)
(a) Why would females want to know when they are fertile? (1) 19.3.
described in QUESTION 2.1.3. (1)
(a) Why would females want to know when they are fertile? (1) 2.1.5 Calculate the percentage increase in progesterone levels between
(b) Explain which hormone is likely to be monitored by the 2.1.5
19.5 week
Calculate and week 14.
the4percentage Show ALL
increase in progesterone
calculations. levels between (3)
(b) Explainovulation hormone is likely to be monitored by the
which monitor. (3) week 4 and week 14. Show ALL calculations. (3)
ovulation monitor. (3) (15) 2.1.6 The woman's progesterone level in week 16 was 25 ng/m .
(15)
2.1.6
19.6 The woman's progesterone level in week 16 was 25 ng/m .
(a) Explain why this woman should be concerned about the
decrease in progesterone levels. (2)
(a) Explain why this woman should be concerned about the
decrease in progesterone
(b) Suggest ONE way levels.
in which this problem could possibly be (2)
treated by a doctor. (1)
(b) Suggest ONE way in which this problem could possibly be (12)
treated by a doctor. (1)
(12)
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49 50

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 4.2.3 (a)
NameIndependent that secretes the hormone mentioned in
the organvariable (1) E
QUESTION 4.2.2. (1)
(b) Dependent variable (1)
4.2.4 State TWO other hormones (except the one mentioned in
2.5.2 QUESTION
Name THREE 4.2.2) that influence
planning the glucose
steps that had to level of the blood.
be considered before (2)
Question 20 (10) 22.1
1.5.1 Identify part:
carrying
QP: Nov 2013 P2 4.3out the investigation.
Essay (3)

4.3 Describe the

2.5.3 menstrual
If the results cycle
showandthathow is influenced
the itaverage age of different
byfirst hormones.
menstruation has (a) A (1)
remained at 12,9 years of age for the last 25 years, explain the
implications for the hypothesis stated by the scientists. Content: (17)
(2) (b) B (1)
Synthesis: (3)
2.5.4 Name TWO physical characteristics in girls which would indicate (20) (c) C (1)
the start of puberty.
NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts
(2)
Question 21 (d) F (1)
or diagrams. (9)
QP: June 2016 P1 2.6
C: 40 1.5.2
22.2 Give the LETTER and NAME of the part that:
2.6 One contraceptive method for females is to take a daily TOTAL
oral pill SECTION
that contains
progesterone. GRAND TOTAL: 150
(a) Contains the mitochondria (2)
Explain
Life how
Sciences/P1 this pill functions to prevent pregnancy.
11 (4)
DBE/November 2016 (b) Contains enzymes required to penetrate the ovum (2)
Copyright reserved NSC [40]
Question 22 Life Sciences/P1 12 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2016
QP: Nov 2016 P1 1.5 (c) fertilisation
Will enter the ovum duringNSC (2)
1.5 The schematic diagram below shows a human ovum that is about to be (10)
fertilised. The diagram is not drawn to scale.
2.4 Question
Read23the extract below. TOTAL SECTION A: 50
QP: Feb 2016 P1 2.4
Anele found out that she had scar tissue blocking both her Fallopian tubes
and therefore could not have a baby. She decided to try in vitro fertilisation
Life Sciences/P1
(IVF). 12 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2016
Copyright reserved NSC Please turn over
The IVF procedure was performed as follows:
G 2.4 Read the extract below.
• Anele was given hormone supplements to stimulate the production of ova
in the Anele found out that she had scar tissue blocking both her Fallopian tubes
ovaries.
and therefore could not have a baby. She decided to try in vitro fertilisation
A • The mature
(IVF). ova were then collected and placed in a test tube.
• Her partner was then asked to release his semen into a special container.
The IVF procedure was performed as follows:
B • The ova Anele was
• and thegiven hormone
semen supplements
were to stimulate
then mixed in a production
thetest tube.of ova
in the ovaries.
F • The morulas
•
that developed after a few days were then inserted into
The mature ova were then collected and placed in a test tube.
Anele's Her partner was then asked to release his semen into a special container.
• uterus.
C • The ova and the semen were then mixed in a test tube.
• The morulas that developed after a few days were then inserted into
Copyright reserved Please turn over The diagram below is a representation of how the procedure was done.
Anele's uterus.
The diagram below is a representation of how the procedure was done.
D

E
Ovum
Ovum

1.5.1 Identify part: Morula

Sperm
(a) A (1) Morula

(b) B (1)
Sperm
2.4.1 Explain why Anele's condition had prevented her from falling
(c) C (1) pregnant. (2)

51 2.4.2 Name ONE hormone that was:

52
(d) F (1)
(a) Given to Anele to ensure that ova were produced in the
ovaries (1)
1.5.2 Give the LETTER and NAME of the part that: 2.4.1 Explain(b) why Anele's condition had her from falling
Produced by the developing follicles in the prevented
ovaries, as the ova
pregnant. were maturing (1) (2)
(a) Contains the mitochondria (2)
2.4.3 Describe the events that take place in the test tube after
2.4.2 Name fertilisation,
ONE until a blastocyst
hormone is formed.
that was: (4)
 Sperm
Day of cycle

[Adapted from http://www.amazon.co.uk]

2.4.1
23.1 Explain why Anele's condition had prevented her from falling 24.1
2.2.1 Name the gland that secretes LH. (1)
pregnant. (2)
24.2
2.2.2 Explain why the fertility monitor measures the concentration of LH. (2)
23.2
2.4.2 Name ONE hormone that was:
24.3
2.2.3 Explain why some women would use a fertility monitor. (2)
(a) Given to Anele to ensure that ova were produced in the
ovaries (1)
2.2.4
24.4 What evidence in the graph indicates that a healthy follicle is
(b) Produced by the developing follicles in the ovaries, as the ova developing in the ovary during the first half of the cycle? (2)
were maturing (1)
24.5
2.2.5 If a woman using the fertility monitor finds that her LH level peaks
2.4.3
23.3 Describe the events that take place in the test tube after on day 17, between which days does she experience the 'highest
fertilisation, until a blastocyst is formed. (4) fertility'? (2)
Life Sciences/P1 17 DBE/November 2015
2.4.4
23.4 Explain ONE possible consequence for the developing embryo if NSC
2.2.6
24.6 Explain why the fertility monitor does not measure the
the corpus luteum disintegrates immediately after implantation. (3)
progesterone level in the blood to predict fertile days. (3)
Life Sciences/P1 13 DBE/November 2016
(11)
(12)
Life Sciences/P1 NSC 13 DBE/November 2016 SECTION C
Question 24 NSC
Question
QUESTION25 4
QP: Nov 2016 P1 2.2
Copyright reserved Please turn over QP: Nov 2015 P1 Q4
Copyright reserved Please turn over
2.2 A fertility monitor measures the concentration of oestrogen and luteinising
A fertility
2.2hormone (LH) inmonitor measures
a woman's urine. Athe concentration
fertile period is the oestrogen
of time when the luteinising
andovum Explain the structural suitability of the sperm cell for its function and describe its
hormone
is ready (LH) in a woman's urine. A fertile period is the time when the ovum
to be fertilised. involvement in the formation of a zygote and the development of this zygote until
is ready to be fertilised. implantation.
Life Sciences/P1 15 DBE/November 2017
NSC Content: (17)
The graph below appears on the information sheet that is provided with the
fertilityThe graph below appears on the information sheet that is provided with the
monitor. Synthesis: (3)
fertility monitor. (20)
SECTION C
HIGHEST
HIGHEST
FERTILITY Question
NOTE: 26NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts, tables
HIGH QUESTIONor4 diagrams.
HIGH FERTILITY QP: Nov 2017 P1 Q4
FERTILITY
FERTILITY Sperm is produced, transported and then combined with secretions from the
TOTAL accessory
SECTION C: 20
glands to form semen. The semen is then transferred into the body GRAND female
of theTOTAL: 150
where it meets the ovum.
LOW FERTILITY LOW FERTILITY
LOW FERTILITY LOW FERTILITY Describe all the processes referred to in the statement above and explain THREE
structural adaptations of the sperm for fertilisation.
Content: (17)
Synthesis: (3)
oestrogen (20)
oestrogen
NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts, tables or
diagrams.
LH

Hormone level
LH TOTAL SECTION C: 20

Hormone level
GRAND TOTAL: 150

Day of cycle
Day of cycle
[Adapted from http://www.amazon.co.uk]
[Adapted from http://www.amazon.co.uk]
2.2.1 Name the gland that secretes LH. (1)
2.2.1 Name the gland that secretes LH. (1)
2.2.2 53
Explain why the fertility monitor measures the concentration of LH. (2) 54
2.2.2 Explain why the fertility monitor measures the concentration of LH. (2)
2.2.3 Explain why some women would use a fertility monitor. (2)
2.2.3 Explain why some women would use a fertility monitor. (2)
2.2.4 What evidence in the graph indicates that a healthy follicle is
2.2.4developing
What inevidence the graph
the ovaryinduring the firstindicates
half of thethat
cycle? is
a healthy follicle (2)
developing in the ovary during the first half of the cycle? (2)
 Life Sciences/P1 7 DBE/2017
SCE
Life Sciences/P1 8 DBE/November 2018
Life Sciences/P1 7 DBE/2017
Life Sciences/P1 8 NSC DBE/November 2018
1.5 Study the diagram below of the sequence of SCE
events that takes place from the
Question 27 NSC Question 28
QP: Nov 2018 P1 1.4 fertilisation
QP: June 2017 of the
P1 ovum
1.5 to the development of the embryo in a part of the
human
1.5 female reproductive
Study the diagramsystem.
below of the sequence of events that takes place from the
1.4 The diagram below represents a sequence of events that may take place
fertilisation of the ovum to the development of the embryo in a part of the
1.4 The diagram below
inside the represents
human female reproductive of events that may take place
a sequencesystem. The arrows indicate of development of one ovum after
human femalethe
reproductive
direction system.
inside the human female reproductive system. fertilisation.
The arrows indicate the direction of development of one ovum after
fertilisation.
I II
I II E
E

D
D
C
A B C C
F
A B C
B F
B G
1.4.1 Identify the process taking place at I in the diagram above. (1)
A G
27.1
1.4.1 Identify the process taking place at I in the diagram above. (1)
1.4.2 State the type of cell division that takes place at II in the diagram A
27.2
1.4.2 above.
State the type of cell division that takes place at II in the diagram (1)
above. (1) H
1.4.3 Name TWO functional extra-embryonic membranes that are H
1.4.3
27.3 Name produced by structure
TWO functional C.
extra-embryonic membranes that are (2)
produced by structure C. (2)
1.4.4 Identify the stage of development indicated by:
27.4
1.4.4 Identify the stage of development indicated by: 1.5.1 Identify:
28.1 1.5.1 Identify:
(a) A (1)
(a) A (1) (a) Structure
(a) CStructure C (1) (1)
(b) B (1)
(b) B (1) (b) The stage of embryo
(b) The stage ofdevelopment at E
embryo development at E (1) (1)
(c) C (1)
(c) C (1) (c) structure
The (c) that develops
The structure that develops combination
from a from of parts
a combination of parts
1.4.5 Name the part of the female reproductive system where the events F and H F and H (1) (1)
27.5
1.4.5 Name thein the diagram
part above usually
of the female take place.
reproductive system where the events (1)
1.5.2
28.2 Name
1.5.2 the Name
process process
thethat takesthat takes place:
place:
in the diagram above usually take place. (1)
1.4.6 Give the chromosome number of the cell at A if this cell is going to At B (1)
(a) At B (a) (1)
27.6
1.4.6 Give thedevelop into a child
chromosome with Down
number of the syndrome.
cell at A if this cell is going to (1)
develop into a child with Down syndrome. (1) (9) (b) When(b)G attaches attaches
When G to part F to part F (1) (1)
(9)
1.5.3
28.3 Give Give the chromosome
1.5.3 the chromosome number of:
number of:
(a) The cells at D (1)
(a) The cells at D (1)
(b) Cell A (1)
(b) Cell A (1) (7)
(7)
TOTAL SECTION A: 50
TOTAL SECTION A: 50
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 NSC
1.4 The
1.4diagram below
The represents
diagram below represents leading
the events the to the
events development
leading of the
to the development of the
QUESTION 3Life Sciences/P1 12 DBE/November 2010 foetus in the human uterus.
foetus in the human uterus.
NSC
3.1 The diagram below shows part of the female reproductive system. Structures Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) 8 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2012
Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) 8 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2012
NSC
BQuestion
to G and29processes 1, 2 and 3, occurring in the Fallopian tube and uterus, 3 NSC
QUESTION 3 Question 30 3
are
QP:magnified.
Nov 2010 P1 3.1 QP: Feb 2012 P2 1.4
3.1 The diagram below shows part of the female reproductive system. Structures 1.4 The diagram below represents events leading to the development
1.4 The diagram belowthe
represents the events leading to the development
of the of the
B to G and processes 1, 2 and 3, occurring in the Fallopian tube and uterus, foetus in the human uterus.
foetus in the human uterus.
are magnified.
G
4 4
3 3
3 G

F 3
4
4
F
2
2 2
2

2
2
1
1 5 5

5
E B
E B 5

1 1 6 6
D
D 1 6
C
C Part of thePart of the
female female reproductive
reproductive system showing showing
systemvarious various
stages in stages in
A A Part ofthe female the development
reproductive
of asystem showing
foetusof various stages in
1thedevelopment a 6foetus
the development of a foetus
29.1
3.1.1 Label
3.1.1 C and
Label
D. C and D. (2) (2) Part of the female reproductive system showing various stages in
the development of a foetus
29.2
3.1.2 State
3.1.2 whichState which processes
processes are taking
areplace
takingatplace
1, 2 at
and 2 and
1, 3 respectively.
3 respectively. (3) (3) Identify theIdentify
following: following:
Identify
thethe following:

29.3
3.1.3 State
3.1.3 howStatemany many chromosomes
howchromosomes are present
are present the following
in thein following 1.4.11.4.1 PartPart
labelled
labelled 1
1.4.1
30.1 Part
Identify the labelled
following: 1
structures: structures: 1.4.2 Cell labelled
labelled 22
1.4.2
30.2 Cell
1.4.2labelled 2Cell
1.4.3 1.4.3 Cell Cell
labelled
labelled 33
(a) E (1) 1.4.3
30.3
1.4.1 Cell
Partlabelled
1.4.4 1
labelled 3Structure labelled 4
(a) E (1) 1.4.4 Structure labelled 4
1.4.2
30.4
1.4.4 labelled
Structure
Cell1.4.5 labelled 4
2Part labelled 5
(b) Each cell of structure G (1) 1.4.3
30.5
1.4.5 1.4.5
Cell1.4.6
Part labelledPart
labelled 3 labelled
Fluid
5 labelled56 (6)
(b) Each cell of structure G (1) 1.4.4 Structure
1.4.6 labelled
Fluid 4 6 (6)
30.6
1.4.6 Fluid labelled 6 labelled (6)
3.1.4 Draw an enlarged labelled diagram of structure F to show its 1.4.5 Part labelled 5 TOTAL SECTION A: 50
29.4
3.1.4 Draw an enlarged
details. labelled diagram of structure F to show its (5) 1.4.6 Fluid labelled 6 (6)
TOTAL SECTION
TOTAL SECTION A: 50 A: 50
details. (5)
3.1.5 State TWO functions of fluid A. (2) TOTAL SECTION A: 50
29.5
3.1.5 State TWO functions of fluid A. (2)
3.1.6 Structure B transports substances to and from the foetus.
29.6
3.1.6 Structure B(a)transports
Name ONEsubstances to and from
useful substance the foetus.
transported to the foetus. (1)
ONE useful substance transported to the foetus. Copyright reserved Please turn over
(a) Name(b) Name ONE waste product transported from the foetus. (1) (1)
(16)
Name
reserved
Copyright(b) ONE waste product transported from the foetus. (1)
Please turn over
Copyright reserved Please turn over
(16) Copyright reserved
Copyright reserved
Please turn over
Please turn over
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57 58
Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) 12 DBE/November 2012
NSC
Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) 12 DBE/November 2012 Life Sciences/P2 8 DBE/November 2013
NSC NSC
2.3 Question
The diagram
31 below represents a developing foetus in a human body. Question 32
Life Sciences/P2 8 DBE/November 2013
QP: Nov 2012, P2 2.3 QP: Nov 2013 P2 1.5 NSC
2.3 The diagram below represents a developing foetus in a human body. 1.5 Study the diagram below.
1.5 Study the diagram below.
V
V
A
Z W
A B
Z W
X B C
X
C D

Y D E
Y E
F
F

31.1
2.3.1 Identify labelled: Match the structures (A to F) with the descriptions (1.5.1 to 1.5.5) below, for
2.3.1 the parts
Identify the parts labelled: 1.5.6 G. A letter may be used more than once, or
Match
Matchthe structures
example (A
the structures to
to F)
F) with
withthe
thedescriptions
descriptions(32.1 to 32.5)
(1.5.1 to below,
1.5.5) fornot
below, example
forat all. 32.6
G. A letter
example 1.5.6
mayG.beAused
lettermore
may than once,
be used or not
more at all.
than once, or not at all.
(a) X (a) X (1) (1) 1.5.1 Where gaseous exchange occurs between the mother and
1.5.1
32.1 Where gaseous the foetus
exchange occurs between the mother and (1)
(b) Y (b) Y (1) (1)
the foetus (1)
1.5.2 Removes excretory products from the foetus (1)
2.3.2
31.2 State State ONE
2.3.2ONE function function
of the fluid of
labelled
the fluidZ.labelled Z. (1) (1) 32.2
1.5.2 Removes excretory products from the foetus (1)
1.5.3 Contains strong muscles which will push the foetus out during birth (1)
2.3.3
31.3 Explain
2.3.3 howExplain how
the part the part
labelled V labelled V is structurally
is structurally suited to suited to perform
perform its its
1.5.3
32.3 Contains strong muscles which will push the foetus out during birth (1)
function
function during during the
the process of process
birth. of birth. (2) (2) 1.5.4 Clamped and cut after the baby is born (1)
32.4
1.5.4 Clamped and cut after the baby is born (1)
2.3.4 Name
2.3.4 TWOName systems
TWO insystems
the baby's baby's
in thebody thatbody
takethat
over
taketheover the
31.4 1.5.5 Acts as a shock absorber for the developing foetus (1)
of part W once the baby is born. (2) 32.5
functions of functions
part W once the baby is born. (2) 1.5.5 Acts as a shock absorber for the developing foetus (1) (5)
2.3.5 Explain what prevents another ovum from being produced while (5)
2.3.5
31.5 Explain what theprevents another ovum
foetus is developing from being
in a human body. produced while (2) TOTAL SECTION A: 50
the foetus is developing in a human body. (2) (9) TOTAL SECTION A: 50
(9)
2.4 Describe how the human skin maintains the core body temperature on a day
2.4 Describe howwhen human
the the skin maintains
environmental the core
temperature body temperature
is around 40 °C. on a day (5)
when the environmental temperature is around 40 °C. (5) [30]
[30]

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60

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Life Sciences/P1 11 DBE/November 2017 Life Sciences/P1 14 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2018
Life Sciences/P1
NSC 11 DBE/November 2017 NSC
Life Sciences/P1 14 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2018
NSC NSC
Question 33 Question 34
2.4 The
QP: diagram
Nov 2017below
P1 2.4represents a developing foetus in a human body. 3.4 The
QP:diagram
Feb 2018below
P1 3.4represents the relationship between the blood system of
2.4 The diagram below represents a developing foetus in a human body. 3.4
the foetus diagram
Theand that ofbelow represents
the mother. Thethe relationship
arrows between
indicate the blood
the direction system of
of blood
flow in the
theblood and that of the mother. The arrows indicate the direction of blood
foetusvessels.
flow in the blood vessels.

Blood vessel A of Blood vessel B of

A Blood vessel A of
the mother Blood vessel B of
A the mother the mother
the mother
Blood space/
B Blood space/
B Sinuses of the
Sinuses of the
D mother
mother
D
Placenta
Placenta

Blood vessel
Blood Dvessel D vessel
BloodBlood vessel
C C
of the foetus
of the foetus of theoffoetus
the foetus
Umbilical
Umbilical
cord cord
C C Foetus
Foetus

33.1
2.4.1 2.4.1
Identify: Identify:

(a) A (a) A (1) (1)

(b) C (b) C (1) (1)

34.1
3.4.1 Apart from playing a role in the diffusion of substances from the
33.2
2.4.2 2.4.2 State
State TWO TWO functions
functions of the
of the fluid in part in part B.
fluid B. (2) (2) 3.4.1 Apart from playing a role in the diffusion of substances from the
mother's blood to the foetus' blood, and vice versa, state TWO
mother's blood
other functions
to theoffoetus' blood, and vice versa, state TWO
the placenta. (2)
other functions of the placenta. (2)
2.4.3
33.3 2.4.3
Name ONE Name system
ONE insystem
the baby's
in the body body
baby'sthat takes
thatover over
takesthe the function
function
D once baby is born. (1) 3.4.2 Blood vessel D is an artery.
of part Dofonce
part the babythe
is born. (1) 34.2
3.4.2 Blood vessel D is an artery.
Tabulate TWO differences between the composition of blood found
33.4
2.4.4 2.4.4
Explain Explain ONE negative
ONE negative impact impact
on foetal foetal development
on development if part ifDpart
is D is Tabulatein TWO
blood differences
vessel C andbetween
blood foundthe composition
in blood vessel blood found
of D. (5)
reduced reduced significantly.
significantly. (2) (2) in blood vessel C and blood found in blood vessel D. (5)
(7) (7) 3.4.3 Explain ONE consequence for the foetus if blood vessel D
[40] [40] 34.3
3.4.3 ONE consequence
Explainbecomes for the
blocked preventing bloodfoetus
flow. if blood vessel D (2)
becomes blocked preventing blood flow. (2)
3.4.4 If the blood of the mother and the blood of the foetus come into
34.4
3.4.4 contact
If the blood of with
the each another,
mother and theit could
bloodleadof tothe
thefoetus of the foetus.
death come into
contact with each another, it could lead to the death of the foetus.
Describe why this would occur. (2)
Describe why this would occur. (2) (11)
(11) [40]
[40]
TOTAL SECTION B: 80
TOTAL SECTION B: 80
61 62
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 Life Sciences/P1 16 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2015
NSC

SECTION C

Question
QUESTION 354
QP: Feb 2015 P1 Q4 GENETICS
The unicellular zygote undergoes many developmental changes until it becomes a
multicellular foetus, nourished and protected by the mother.
Question 1
Describe the changes that allow the zygote to eventually develop into a foetus and how
this foetus is nourished and protected during the period of pregnancy. 1.1 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write only
the term next to the question number.
Content: (17)
Life Sciences/P1 11 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2016
Life Sciences/P1 11 DBE/Feb.–Mar. (3)
Synthesis: 2016 1.1.1 A genetic cross involving two characteristics at a time
NSC
NSC 1.1.2 The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes that brings about
NOTE: NO
Question 36 marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts, diagrams or
QP: Feb 2016
tables.P1 2.3 variation
2.3 An investigation was conducted to determine the relationship between the
2.3ages of investigation
Anwomen, was conducted
the number to determine
of pregnancies per month relationship
the and between the
the chances 1.1.3 All the genes in all the chromosomes of a particular species
TOTAL SECTIONofC: 20
ages of
miscarriages. women, the number of pregnancies per month and the
GRAND TOTAL:
chances of150
1.1.4 An allele that is not shown/expressed in the phenotype when found in the
miscarriages.
heterozygous condition.
The results of the investigation are shown in the table below.
The results of the investigation are shown in the table below. 1.1.5 An allele that is always expressed in the phenotype
AGES OF PREGNANCIES MISCARRIAGES 1.1.6 The position of a gene on a chromosome
AGES OF PREGNANCIES MISCARRIAGES
WOMEN PER MONTH (%) 1.1.7 The process by which genetically identical organisms are formed using biotechnology
WOMEN PER MONTH (%)
(%)
(%) 1.1.8 A segment of a chromosome that codes for a particular characteristic
22 25 10
22 25 10 1.1.9 Type of inheritance where none of the two alleles is dominant over the other and an
28 24 11
28 24 11
34 18 15 intermediate phenotype is produced
34 18 15
40 6 24
40 6 24 1.1.10 An individual having two non-identical alleles for a characteristic
46 2 50
46 2 50 1.1.11 Alternative forms of a gene in the same position on homologous chromosomes
[Adapted from http://www.children.gov.on.ca]
[Adapted from http://www.children.gov.on.ca]
1.1.12 The process of finding a desirable gene, isolating it and then moving it into the cells of
36.1
2.3.1 graph to show relationship between the ages
2.3.1Draw aDraw
line a line graph to the
show the relationship between the ages
of theof the
another organism
and the
womenwomen andpercentage of pregnancies
the percentage per month.
of pregnancies per month. (6) (6) 1.1.13 The type of inheritance involving alleles that equally determine the phenotype of
2.3.2
36.2 2.3.2Describe the relationship
Describe that exists
the relationship between
that exists the ages
between of women
the ages of women heterozygous offspring
and the chances
and of them
the chances of miscarrying.
them miscarrying. (2) (2) 1.1.14 Organisms having two identical alleles at a given locus
Life Sciences/P1 16 DBE/2018 1.1.15 A genetic cross involving one characteristic only
2.3.3
36.3 2.3.3According
According
to thetodata SCE if there
the obtained,
data obtained, if there
are 12arepregnant women
12 pregnant women
who are 46 years old, how many of them are likely to miscarry?
who are 46 years old, how many of them are likely to miscarry?
ALL working.
Show Show ALL working. (2) (2)
SECTION C (10) (10) Question 2
QP: Feb/Mar 2012 P1 Q 2.3
Question
QUESTION37 4
2.1
QP: J 2018 P1 Q4
Protection, nourishment and gaseous exchange are important requirements for the
successful development of an embryo.

Describe how gaseous exchange and the nourishment of the embryo occur in an
Copyright
amnioticreserved
egg and how gaseous exchange and nourishment as well as protection of the
foetus occur in humans.
Content: (17)
Synthesis: (3)

NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of a table, flow charts or
diagrams.
63 64
TOTAL SECTION C: 20
GRAND TOTAL: 150
Question 3
QP: May/Jun 2015 P2 Q 2.3 Question 5
3.1 QP: Nov 2017 P2 Q 1.4

Question 4
QP: Feb/Mar 2015 P2 Q 3.3

4.1

4.2

4.3

65 66
5.1
Question 6
QP: Feb/Mar 2018 P2 Q 2.2

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

67 68
 Question 9
Question 7 QP: Nov 2012 P1 Q 3.1
QP: Feb/Mar 2018 P2 Q 2.5

7.1

Question 8
QP: Feb/Mar 2018 P2 Q 2.4

8.1

8.2

8.3 8.2

8.4

69 70
9.1 Question 10
QP: Nov 2018 P2 Q 2.2

9.2

9.3

9.4

9.5

10.1

10.2

71 72
Question 11
QP: Feb/Mar 2012 P1 Q 4.1 Question 13
QP: Feb/Mar 2018 P2 Q 3.1

11.1

11.2

11.3
13.1

Question 12 13.2
QP: Feb/Mar 2011 P1 Q 4.2

13.3

13.4

13.5

12.1

73 74
Question 14 Question 16
QP: May/Jun 2018 P2 Q 3.2 QP: Feb/Mar 2018 P2 Q 3.3

14.1 16.1

14.2
16.2
14.3

Question 15
QP: Feb/Mar 2015 P2 Q 2.3

16.3

15.1

15.2

15.3

15.4

75 76
Question 17 Question 18
QP: Nov 2018 P2 Q 2.4 QP: May/Jun 2018 P2 Q 2.6

17.1

17.2 17.1

17.3

17.4

18.1

18.2

18.3

18.4

77 78
Question 19 Question 21
QP: Nov 2012 P1 Q 2.3 QP: Nov 2018 P2 Q 2.3

19.1
21.1
19.2
19. 1

19.3 19.2

21.2
19.4

21.3

Question 20 21.4
QP: May/Jun 2018 P2 Q 3.1

Question 22
QP: Nov 2012 P1 Q 3.3

20.1
22.1

20.2

22.2

79 80
 23.1
Question 23
QP: Feb/Mar 2017 P2 Q 3.5

23.2

23.3

23.4

23.5

Question 24
QP: Nov 2015 P2 Q 2.3

81 82
 Question 25
QP: Nov 2017 P2 Q 2.3

24.1

24.2
25.1
24.3

24.4
25.2

24.5 25.3

24.6 25.4

24.7

24.8

83 84
Question 26
NERVOUS CO-ORDINATION
QP: Feb/Mar 2014 P1 Q 2.3
Question 1
QP: Nov 2015 P1 Q 2.4

26.1

26.2

26.3

Question 27 1.1
QP: Feb/Mar 2014 P1 Q 4.1

1.2

27.1

27.2

27.3 27.2

85 86
 Question 3
Question 2 QP: Nov 2016 P1 Q3.1
QP Feb-March 2018 P1 Q 3.2

3.1.1
2.1
3.1.2
2.2
3.1.3
2.3 3.1.4
2.4

2.5

87 88
Question 4 Question 5
QP: Nov 2017; P1; Q1.4 QP: May/June 2018 Q1.4

4.1

4.2

5.1

4.3

4.4
5.2

5.3

89 90
 Question 7
Question 6 QP: March 2016 P1 Q1.5
QP: Nov 2013 P2 Q 2.1

6.1

7.1

6.2
7.2
6.3

6.4
7.3

91 92
 Question 9
Question 8 QP: Nov 2018; P1; Q3.2
QP: May/June 2017 P1 Q1.4

8.1

9.1

9.2
8.2
9.1

9.3

9.4

9.5

9.6

9.7

93 94
 Question 11
Question 10 QP: JUNE/JULY 2015 P1 Q 1.4
QP: NOV 2014 P1 Q.1.4

11.1
11.2

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

95 96
Question 12 Question 13
QP: NOV 2015 P1 Q1.4 QP: May/June 2016 P1 Q 2.3

12.1

12.2
13.1

12.3
13.2

13.3

13.4

97 98
Question 14 Question 15
QP: NOV 2011 version 2 full time P2 Q.2.2 QP: Feb/March 2018 P1 Q 2.3

14.1

15.1
14.1 (a)

14.2

15.2

15.3

15.4

99 100
Question 16 Question 17
QP: Feb/March 2012 version1 P2 Q.2 QP: Feb/March 2013 version 1 full time P2 Q4

16.1

16.2

16.3

17.1

17.2

17.3 17.2

17.4

17.5

101 102
Question 18 Question 19
QP: Feb/March 2014 P2 Q 2.3 QP: Nov 2018 P1 Q 2.4

19.1

19.2

18.1
19.3
18.2
19.4

18.3
19.5
18.4
18.3.

18.5

103 104
Question 20 Question 21
QP: Feb/March 2016 P1 Q 2 QP Nov 2017 P1 Q 3.4

20.1

21.1

20.2

20.3
21.2

21.3

21.4

21.5

105 106
Question 22 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
QP: Nov 2014 P1 Q 4 ( essay)
Question 1
QP: Feb/Mar 2012 P2 Q 4.2 (version 1)

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

107 108
Question 2 3.1
QP: May/June 2018 P1 Q 3.2

2.1
3.2

2.2 2.1 3.3

Question 3
QP: Nov 2018 P1 Q 1.5

Question 4
QP: May/June 2015 Q 3.3

109 110
4.1 5.1

4.2 5.2

5.3

4.3 5.4

4.4
4.3

Question 6
QP: Nov 2013 P2 Q 4.2

Question 5
QP: Nov 2014 Q 3.4

6.1

6.2

6.3
6.2

6.4
6.2

111 112
Question 7 HOMEOSTASIS
QP: Feb/Mar 2014 P2 Q 4.4
Question 1
QP: Nov 2017 P1 Q1.5
Study the flow diagram below.

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

113 114
Question 2 3.1
QP: June 2018 P1 Q3.3 (a)

(b)

(c )

Question 3
QP: May/June 2018 P1 (d)

3.2

Question 4
QP: May/June 2016 3.1

115 116
 Question 6
4.1
QP: Feb/March 2018 Q4

4.2

4.3

4.4

Question 5
QP: Nov. 2014 P1 3.3

5.1

5.2
5.1.

5.3

117 118
 PLANT HORMONES Question 2
QP: NOV 2017 – P1 – Q.3.1
Question 1
QP: NOV 2018 – P1 – Q.3.1

1.1

1.2

1.3

2.1

1.4 2.2

2.3

2.3.1

2.3.2

119 120
Question 3
QP: NOV 2015 – P1 – Q1.5 Question 4
QP: MAY/JUNE 2017 – P1 – 3.3

4.1

3.1 4.2

3.2
4.3
3.3
3.1
4.4
3.4
3.3

3.5

121 122
Question 5 5.4
QP: MAY / JUNE 2018 - P1 - Q.3.5

Question 6
QP: NOV 2014 – P1 – Q 2.3

5.1

5.2

5.3

123 124
 Question 7
QP: FEB / MARCH 2015 – P1 – Q.3.4

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5
7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

125 126
Question 8 Question 9
QP: MARCH 2017 – P1 – Q3.1 QP: JUNE 2015 – P1 – Q3.1

9.1

9.2

9.3

8.1

8.2

8.3

127 128
Question 10 Question 11
QP: MARCH 2014 – P2 – Q4.2 QP: FEBRUARY 2018 - P1 - Q.3.2

10.1

10.2

129 130
11.1 12.1

12.2

12.3
11.2

11.3 12.4

11.4

11.5 Question 13
QP: FEB – P1 – 2016 – Q4

11.6 Plants and animals are both able to sense and respond to light. Explain how plant stems
respond to unilateral light and describe the path taken by light through the human eye until it is
converted into an impulse. Content: (17)
Synthesis: (3)
Question 12
QP: MAY / JUNE 2016 – P1 – Q3.2

131 132
 EVOLUTION 4.1
Question 1
QP: May – June 2016 P2, Q 3.2
1.1
4.2
Question 2
QP: March 2012 P2, Q 2.1
2.1 4.3
4.2

Question 5
QP: Nov 2008 P2, Q 2.3

Question 3
QP: March 2009 P2, Q 2.3
3.1

Question 4
QP: March 2009 P2, Q 2.1

5.1

5.2
5.1
5.3

133 134
Question 6 Question 7
QP: Dec 2010 P2, Q 3.4 QP: Nov 2008 P2, Q 2.2

7.1

7.2

7.3

6.1

6.2 6.1

135 136
Question 8 Question 9
QP: Feb – March 2018 P2, Q 3.2 QP: Feb – March 2016 P2, Q 4

8.1

8.2

8.3

8.4

Question 10
QP: Feb- March 2015 P2, Q 4

137 138
Question 11 Question 12
QP: May – June 2016 P2, Q 2.4 QP: May – June 2017 P2, Q 2.4

11.1
11.2

11.3

11.4

139 140
12.1 Question 13
QP: Feb March 2018 P2, Q 3.4

12.2

12.3

12.4

12.5

12.6

13.1

13.2

13.3

13.4

141 142
 14.1
Question 14
QP: Nov 2016 P2, Q 3.2

14.2

14.3

14.4

14.5

14.6

Question 15
QP: May – June 2018 P2, Q 4

143 144
Question 16
QP: Nov 2017 P 2, Q 2.2
Question 17
QP: Nov 2017 P2, Q 3.2

17.1

17.2

17.3
17.3.

17.4

17.5

16.1
17.6
16.2

16.3 Question 18
QP: May – June 2017 P2, Q 4

16.4

16.5

145 146
 HUMAN EVOLUTION
Question 20
Question 19
QP: May/June 2017; P2; Q1.4
QP: Feb/Mar 2016; P2; Q3.4

20.1

20.2

20.3

19.1

19.2
20.4
19.3
20.5

19.4

19.5
19.2 19.4

147 148
 Question 23
Question 21 QP: May/June 2016; P2; Q2.5
QP: May/June 2018; P2; Q3.3

21.1

21.2
3.1
21.1
23.1
21.3 21.2
23.2
21.4
23.3

Question 22
QP: May/June 2016; P2; Q3.3

22.1

22.2 23.4

23.5

22.3

149 150
Question 24
QP: Feb/Mar 2018;P2; Q1.8
Question 25
QP: Feb/Mar 2015 P2 Q3.4

24.1

24.2

24.3 25.1

24.4 25.2

25.3
24.5

25.4

151 152
 Question 27
Question 26 QP: Feb/March 2017; P2; Q2.1
QP: Nov 2017; P2; Q3.1

26.1

26.2

26.3 27.1

26.4 27.2

26.5 27.3

27.4

27.5
26.6

153 154
Question 28 Question 29
QP: May /June 2018; P2; Q1.5 QP: Feb/Mar 2013; P1 Ver1,Q3.1

29.1

29.2

29.3

28.1

28.2

28.3

28.4

28.5

155 156
 HUMAN IMPACT
Question 30
Question 1
QP: Feb/Mar 2016; P2; Q3.2
QP: Feb March 2018 Q3.1

30.1

30.2
30.1
.
30.3 30.2

30.1
.
30.4

30.1
.

Question 31
QP: Nov 2016; P2; Q4

1.1

Question 32
QP: Nov 2013;P1;Q4.3 1.2

1.3

157
158
 Question 3
1.4 QP: May June 2017 P1 Q2.3

1.5

Question 2
QP: Feb March 2015 P1 Q3.3.

2.1

2.2

2.3

3.1

3.2

3.3

159 160
Question 4 4.5
QP: Nov 2017 P1 Q 2.1
4.5
.
4.6

Question 5
QP: Nov 2016 P1 Q3.5

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

161 162
Question 6 Question 7
QP: Feb – March 2016 P1 Q 3.4 QP: Nov 2014 P1 Q 3.1

7.1

7.2

7.3
6.1

7.4
6.2

6.3 7.5

6.4

163 164
Question 8
QP: Nov 2015 P1 Q 3.4 Question 9
QP: Nov 2014 P1 Q 3.2

9.1

9.2

9.3

8.1

8.2

8.3

8.4

8.5

165 166
Question 10
QP: Nov 2016 P1 Q3.3
Question 11
NOV/DEC 2014 ;P1; Q3.1

10.1

10.2

11.1

11.2

11.3
10.3

11.4

Question 11
QP: Nov 2018 Q4
11.5

167 168
Question 12
FEB/MARCH 2015; P1; Q3.2 Question 13
MAY/JUNE 2015; P1; Q3.5

13.1

13.2

Question 14
NOV/DEC 2015; P1; Q3.3

12.1

12.2

12.3

12.4

14.1

14.2

14.3

14.4

14.5

169 170
 Question 17
Question 15 NOV/DEC 2008 P2; Q4.2
MAY/JUNE 2016; P1; Q3.3
The following questions refer to exploitation of resources.

17.1 State THREE ways in which improved technology has led to over-exploitation of
resources in the sea. (3)

17.2 Name THREE management strategies that can be employed to reduce over-
exploitation of resources as mentioned in QUESTION 17.1 (3)
[6]

15.1
Question 18
15.2 NOV/DEC 2008; P2; Q4.3

15.3

Question 16
MAY/JUNE 2017; P1; Q2.4

16.1

18.1

171 172
Question 19
NOV/DEC 2009; P2; Q3.3

19.1

19.2

173