PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORT

CONFIDENTIAL
Client Information
Name: PP
Date of Birth: 27 November 2005 C.A.: 18 years 4 months 25 Days
Gender: Female Nationality: Indian

Assessment Information
Evaluation Date: 05 March 2024
Test Conducted: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV)
Language Used: English
Trainee Psychologist: Nandni Gupta
Date of Report: 21 April 2024
This report is written for the purpose of providing information for the understanding of the
individual’s psychological
needs. It is confidential and information is to be interpreted by a qualified psychologist. D
ue
to developmental changes in individuals, the results of the assessment are applicable for
approximately 24 months.

REASON FOR REFERRAL:

PP was referred to allow this trainee psychologist to practice administering the WAIS-IV.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
PP is an 18-year-old Indian female. She is of average height with a normal build. She is
single and lives in hostel in Delhi, while her family stays in Rajasthan. The family speaks a
mix of Hindi and English. PP is an undergraduate student in Institute of Home Economics.
Medium of instruction is English, and she has functional knowledge of spoken and written
English.
PP said she enjoyed and had greater aptitude for math-related subjects in her years of study
and had to work much harder for the language subjects. There was no significant medical or
developmental history
BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS:
PP was neatly groomed and was dressed in a top and jeans on the day of testing. She was
excited and responsive when asked questions. She showed no problems understanding the
instructions given during the assessment. She was cooperative, maintained good eye contact,
and displayed good attention although, there was a lack of concentration at some point of
time during the session. She requested for breaks two times. Based on these observations, the
results described below are likely to be a good representation of PP’s abilities.

ASSESSMENT RESULTS:
The WAIS-IV is an individually administered intelligence test comprising 10 core subtests
and 5 supplemental subtests. It provides an estimate of global intellectual functioning as well
as estimates of PP’s functioning in the areas of verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning,
working memory, and processing speed. This report is based on the 2008, 4 th edition of the
WAIS. The analysis of PP’s scores is in relation to individuals within her age group in the
U.S, and therefore should be interpreted with caution as PP has lived in India all her life and
her social, educational, and cultural experiences may differ from that of individuals in the US.
Index Standard Score Percentile Rank 95% Classification
Confidence
Interval (95%
CI)
Verbal 105 63 99 - 110 Average
Comprehension
Perceptual 92 30 86 - 99 Average
Reasoning
Working 117 87 109 - 123 High Average
Memory
Processing 94 34 86 - 103 Average
Speed
Full Scale IQ 102 55 98 - 106 Average
(FSIQ)
General Ability 99 47 94 -104 Average
Index (GAI)
Overall Intellectual Ability
General intellectual functioning is usually best represented by the FSIQ. The FSIQ is derived
from a combined sum of scaled scores from the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI),
Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), Working Memory Index (WMI), and Processing Speed
Index (PSI). PP obtained a FSIQ score of 102 on the WAIS-IV. The chances that her true
score is between 98 and 106 are about 95 out of 100. PP’s overall performance is classified in
the Average range and is equal to or higher than that of 58% of individuals her age. This is a
meaningful interpretation as there was no variability in PP’s scores across the four indices,
while VCI and PRI fell within the average range, A slightly higher variability was found for
Working Memory which was in the range of high average and Processing Speed was also in
the range of average. The difficulties in interpreting PP’s FSIQ can be attributed to her
slightly lower score on Perceptual Reasoning in comparison to Verbal Comprehension,
Processing speed, and Working Memory.
The GAI provides an alternative measure of general intellectual functioning, which is less
influenced by working memory and processing speed. It is derived from the sum of scaled
scores from the VCI and PRI subtests. PP’s derived GAI score was 99, and the chances that
her true score is between 94 and 104 are about 95 out of 100. PP’s performance based on the
GAI, is classified in the Average range and is equal to or higher than that of 53%
of individuals her age. It is a meaningful interpretation as her scores on VCI as well as PRI
fell within the average range.

Verbal Comprehension
PP’s verbal reasoning abilities as measured by the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) are in
the average range and above those of approximately 63% of her peers (VCI = 105). The
chances that her true score is between 99 and 110 are about 95 out of 100. The VCI is
designed to measure verbal reasoning and concept formation. PP showed significant
variability in her performance across the verbal subtests contributing to the VCI suggesting
that the various verbal cognitive abilities measured by these subtests are not similarly
developed. PP achieved her best performance among the verbal reasoning tasks on the
vocabulary subtest and lowest performance on the similarities subtest. The Scaled Score on
Similarities was 10, followed by Vocabulary Scaled Score = 12 that was followed by
Information Scaled Score = 11.
On the Similarities subtest, the individual is required to determine how two objects or
concepts are alike. PP’s average performance on Similarities subtest and a scaled score of 10
indicates her efficient verbal concept formation, that is, she has a basic understanding of the
words, can categorize the verbal information, is able to form links between the verbal
information and can form verbal concepts.
The Vocabulary subtest required PP to explain the meaning of words presented in isolation.
As a direct assessment of word knowledge, the subtest is one indication of her overall verbal
comprehension. Performance on this subtest also requires abilities to verbalize meaningful
concepts as well as to retrieve information from long-term memory. A scaled score of 12
shows that she has high average vocabulary and does not have difficulty in keeping up with
her peers in situations that require verbal skills. Her score of 11 on Information subtest shows
her average fund of general knowledge as this subtest required PP to respond orally to
questions about common events, objects, places, and people. Performance on this subtest also
may be influenced by cultural experience and quality of education, as well as her ability to
retrieve information from long-term memory.

Perceptual Reasoning
PP’s nonverbal reasoning abilities as measured by the Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) are
in the average range and above those of 30% of her peers (PRI =92). The chances that her
true score is between 86 and 99 are about 95 out of 100. The PRI is designed to measure fluid
reasoning in the perceptual domain with tasks that assess nonverbal concept formation, visual
perception and organization, visual-motor coordination, learning, and the ability to separate
figure and ground in visual stimuli. PP’s performance on the perceptual reasoning subtests
contributing to the PRI is somewhat variable. While she scored below average on the Block
Design Subtest (Scaled Score = 7), her scores on Matrix Reasoning (Scaled Score = 10) and
Visual Puzzles (Scaled Score = 9) were average. Although the magnitude of this difference in
performance is not unusual among individuals her age. She has scored within the average
range on both Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Reasoning Subtests, which shows that
she has similar verbal and perceptual reasoning abilities.
Working Memory
PP’s ability to sustain attention, concentrate, and exert mental control is in the high average
range. She performed better than approximately 87% of her peers in this area, Working
Memory Index (WMI) = 117. The chances that her true score is between 109 and 123 are
about 95 out of 100. PP’s abilities to sustain attention, concentrate, and exert mental control
are above average relative to her verbal and perceptual reasoning abilities. It shows that PP
can process complex information accurately.

Processing Speed
PP’s ability in processing simple or routine visual material without making errors is in
the average range. Her performance was above those of 34% of her peers on the Processing
Speed Index (PSI) = 94. The chances that her true score is between 86 and 103 are about 95
out of 100. Her performance on the subtests that compose the PSI is quite different. she
performed below average on coding (Scaled score = 7), which is more demanding of
attention to detail and visual discrimination as well as on symbol search (scaled score = 11),
which is more demanding of fine-motor skills, short-term memory, and learning ability.

Discrepancy Comparison
Discrepancy was compared in the 4 Index measured, namely, Verbal Comprehension Index
(VCI), Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), Working Memory Index (WMI), and Processing
Speed Index (PSI).
Verbal Comprehension Index reflects an individual’s ability to understand, use and think with
spoken language. It also demonstrates the breadth and depth of knowledge acquired from
one’s environment. It measures the retrieval from long-term memory of such information.
Perceptual Reasoning Index reflects an individual’s ability to accurately interpret, organize
and think with visual information. It measures nonverbal reasoning skills and taps into
thinking that is more fluid and requires visual perceptual abilities.
Working Memory Index reflects an individual’s ability to take in and hold information in
immediate awareness and then perform a mental operation on that information. It also
measures the mental manipulation of number operations.
Processing Speed Index reflects an individual’s ability to process simple or routine visual
information quickly and efficiently. It measures visual and motor speed.
Significant difference was found between VCI and PRI. The subject scored significantly
higher in VCI. It suggests depth of knowledge acquired from her environment, and her ability
of retrieval from long-term memory of such information.
Significant difference was found between VCI and WMI. The subject scored significantly
higher in WMI. This suggests her ability to take in and hold information in immediate
awareness and then perform a mental operation on that information.
Significant difference was found between VCI and PSI. The subject scored significantly
higher in VCI. It suggests depth of knowledge acquired from her environment, and her ability
of retrieval from long-term memory of such information.
Significant difference was found between PRI and WMI. The subject scored significantly
higher in WMI. This suggests her ability to take in and hold information in immediate
awareness and then perform a mental operation on that information.
Significant difference was found between WMI and PSI. The subject scored significantly
higher in WMI. This suggests her ability to take in and hold information in immediate
awareness and then perform a mental operation on that information as well as her ability to
mentally manipulate the numbers.
No Significant difference was found between PRI and PSI. The subject scored slightly higher
in PSI, it indicates her ability to process simple or routine visual information quickly and
efficiently.

STRENGHTS AND WEAKNESSES:

The overall mean of 10 subtests was taken as a basis for comparison to determine the
strengths and weaknesses of the subtests. Block Design subtest was found to be weak as
compared with the mean scaled score and the difference was significant. Similarities, Matrix
reasoning, visual puzzle subtest was found to be weak as compared with the mean scaled
score and the difference was non-significant. Digit Span, vocabulary, symbol search,
information subtest was found to be strong as compared with the mean scaled score and the
difference was non-significant. Arithmetic subtest was found to be strong as compared with
the mean scaled score and the difference was significant. Coding subtest was found to be
weak as compared with the mean scaled score and difference was significant.

Summary
PP is an 18-year-old Indian female who was referred for testing to allow this
trainee psychologist to practice administering the WAIS-IV. PP obtained average scores on
verbal and perceptual reasoning, high average scores on working memory index, and average
score on processing speed index. She presents as an individual with average verbal and
perceptual reasoning skills, with high average ability to retain, organize, manipulate and
recall information related to digits and arithmetic. She has an average ability to concentrate
and mentally process the verbally as well as visually presented arithmetic tasks. She has
average short term visual memory, attention, and visual-motor coordination.

Recommendations
PP can be given a visual intervention program to improve her processing speed which will
lead to an overall improvement in perceptual reasoning also.

References
Wechsler, David. WAIS Manual: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Psychological
Corportation, 1955.