Here is an extensive list of narrative conventions and some examples of why they are used

and how they are relevant.

Narrative Conventions

Characterisation

Setting

Structure

Syntax

Tone

Style

Dialogue

Emotive language

Descriptive language

Narration

Metaphors

Similes

Personification

Hyperbole

Imagery

Allusion

Symbolism

Diction

Repetition

Characterisation
Characterisation is important to analyse in a text as it reveals a lot about the message of the
text. The characters are usually the vessel by which the author tells the story. Are the
characters typical of a genre? Do they fit a certain archetype? Are some characters good and
some evil?

Setting
An understanding of setting will assist you with all different types of narrative texts. In
certain genres such as western and horror, setting is very fundamental. However, no matter
the text, setting is going to play a key role.

Structure
How has the text been structured? Is there a flashback? Does it loop? The structure of the text
is important in identifying how the author wants you as a reader to uncover his message. This
is highly important in short stories, also.

Syntax
The syntax is the way that words and phrases are put together in a sentence. Sometimes
authors will adhere to syntax and sometimes they will play around with syntax, which is just
as significant. Take a look at the syntax and try to understand what is going on with the
author’s writing.

Tone
The tone of a novel or story is a big determinant of the message of the narrative. It is
important to identify tone, whether it be serious or sarcastic.

Style
What style has been employed to write this narrative? This will require you knowing the key
terminology surrounding style.

Dialogue
Dialogue is any time that someone speaks to your narrative. It can be very telling about a
number of things and can reveal things about your characters, in a different way to your
narrator.

Emotive language
The use of emotive language is very significant is it positions the reader to “feel” what the
author wants them to. This is important when talking about serious issues.

Narration
First person, second person, third person limited and third person omniscient are all different
methods of an author telling a story. Each of these is significant in their own right.
Metaphors
A metaphor is a useful language tool that compares two things that have nothing in common.
E.g. Lost in a sea of nameless faces.

Similes
A simile is when something is said to be like something else. E.g. Her smile was as bright as
a sun.

Personification
Personification is when an inanimate object is assigned with a human-like quality. E.g. The
daffodils danced in the breeze.

Hyperbole
This is an exaggeration of the fact. E.g. She was so hungry she could have eaten a horse

Imagery
A great author can conjure up pictures in your mind through the use of imagery. This is very
descriptive language that paints a visual picture.

Allusion
An allusion is a reference to something else. E.g. Bec was the Trojan horse to Marta’s social
group.

Symbolism
Symbolism can be anything from a dagger to a colour and usually has a hidden meaning.

Diction
Diction is the choice and use of words in the writing and can be highly significant. Look for
unusual word choices and anything that seems significant.

Repetition
When words or ideas are repeated in a text, it usually means that the author is trying to point
your attention to that thing.