The core concept is to treat each row of the multidimensional array as a single element and use a

sorting algorithm (e.g., bubble sort, insertion sort, quicksort) to compare rows based on the values
in the chosen column.

Explanation:

1. sort2DArrayByColumn Function:

◦ Takes the 2D array, the number of rows, and the index of the column to sort by as
input.
◦ Uses bubble sort to compare rows based on the values in the speci ed column.
◦ Swaps entire rows if the order is incorrect.
2. main Function:

◦ Initializes a sample 2D array.

◦ Prints the original array.
◦ Calls sort2DArrayByColumn to sort by the second column.
◦ Prints the sorted array.
Choosing Sorting Algorithms:

•
Bubble Sort: Simple but inef cient for large arrays (O(n^2) time complexity). Suitable for
small datasets or educational purposes.
• Insertion Sort: Generally more ef cient than bubble sort for smaller arrays.
• Quicksort: Often the best choice for large arrays due to its average O(n log n) time
complexity. However, it can have a worst-case O(n^2) complexity.
• Merge Sort: Also has O(n log n) average time complexity and is stable (maintains relative
order of equal elements).
• Other Options: Explore more sorting algorithms (e.g., heap sort, selection sort) depending
on your speci c requirements and dataset size.
Key Improvements:

• Generic Function: The provided example works for a 2D array with 3 columns. You can
generalize the sort2DArrayByColumn function to handle arrays with varying
numbers of columns.
• Data Types: Adapt the code to work with different data types (e.g., float, double,
strings) as needed.
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