DESIGN OF SIGNAL TRANSMITTER

Submitted by

KIRITHIKA G (73772213146)
KIRUBASANJAY M (73772213147)
AKSHAYA M (73772213402)

60 EC 4P2-Electronic Design Project Laboratory

IV Semester BE-ECE

K S RANGASAMY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution, affiliated to Anna University Chennai
and Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
TIRUCHENGODE–637215
MAY-2024
 Ex No:04 WIRELESS RF TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER
Date: CIRCUIT

AIM:
To design a wireless RF transmitter and receiver circuit using HT12D Decoder and HT12E
Encoder IC’s.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

SNO. COMPONENTS RANGE QUANTITY

1. Resistor 470ohm,47kohm,1Mohm Each 1

2. IC HT12D, HT12E Each 1
3. Transmitter and 433MHz RF module 1
Receiver
4. Capacitors 0.1uF 1
5. Voltage Regulator IC 7805 1
6. LED - 4
7. Battery 9V 2
8. Bread board - 1
9. Push button - 4
10. Connecting wires - -

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

The circuit diagram of the RF transmitter and Receiver circuit is shown in Fig1.1 and Fig1.2
below.

Fig1.1: Circuit diagram of RF transmitter circuit.

 Fig1.2: Circuit diagram of RF Receiver circuit.

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION:
Transmitter Circuit:
• The HT12E encoder IC takes the button presses on pins D8-D11 as input.
• Depending on the button pressed, the HT12E generates a specific digital code based on
its internal logic (refer to datasheet for truth table).
• This digital code is sent to the Din pin of the RF transmitter module.
• The RF transmitter module modulates the digital code using ASK (Amplitude Shift
Keying) and transmits the signal at 433 MHz frequency.
• The resistors connected to the buttons ensure proper voltage levels for the HT12E and
limit current flow.
Receiver Circuit:
• The RF receiver module picks up the 433 MHz signal transmitted by the transmitter.
• It demodulates the received signal to recover the original digital code.
• The decoded signal is sent to the Dout pin of the RF receiver module.
• The HT12D decoder receives the digital code and decodes it based on its internal logic
(refer to datasheet for truth table).
• Based on the decoded data, the HT12D activates the corresponding output pin (connected
to an LED).
• The LEDs illuminate based on which button was pressed on the transmitter.
• The 7805voltage regulator ensures a stable 5V power supply for the receiver module.
• Resistors connected to the LEDs (if needed) limit current flow and prevent damage.
DESIGN:

For Transmitter circuit,

• R10=1Mohm (as per the datasheet of HT12E)
• VCC = 2.4V to 12V
• Set the 8-bit address data as 0b00000000
• RF 433Mhz transmitter Frequency range=433.92Mhz
• Transmitter output power 4v~12v
• Transmission Distance: 3 meters (without antenna) to 100 meters (maximum)

For Receiver circuit,

• R1=470kohm (as per the datasheet of HT12D)

• VCC=5V
• Set the 8-bit address data as 0b00000000
• Operating Voltage 5V
• Low stand by current of 0.1uA at Vcc=5V

PIN DIAGRAM:

The pin configurations of IC HT12E HT12D and 7805 voltage regulator is given in Fig1.2
and Fig1.3 below.

Fig1.2: Pin diagram of IC HT12E and HT12D

 Fig1.3: Pin diagram of 7805

PROCEDURE:

• Ensure the power supply is OFF before making connection.

• Check the component status and identity terminals.
• Check the correct polarity of power supply.
• Switch ON the power supply (12V) circuit shown in fig 1.
• Verify the output and turn OFF the switch.
• Connect the circuit shown in fig 2 and turn ON the switch and view the output.
• After verifying turn OFF the supply.

OUTPUT:
The Snapshot of the output is shown in Fig1.4.

Fig1.4: Snapshot of the output

APPLICATIONS:

• Home automation
• Transmit Serial data for short distance
• Car security system
• Wireless logging
• Short distance communication

OUTPUT ANALYSIS:

The output of the transmitter circuit depends on which button is pressed.

• Input: Pressing a button on the transmitter connects that button pin (D8-D11) to either
ground (depending on the encoder datasheet recommendation) or Vcc (through a pull-up
resistor).
• Encoder Processing: The HT12E encoder IC interprets this button press and generates a
specific digital code based on its internal logic.
• RF Module Modulation: The generated digital code from the HT12E is sent to the Din pin
of the RF transmitter module. The transmitter modulates this digital code using ASK
(Amplitude Shift Keying). In ASK, the amplitude (strength) of the transmitted 433 MHz
signal is varied to represent the 0s and 1s of the digital code.

The receiver circuit interprets the transmitted signal and activates the corresponding LED.

• RF Module Demodulation: The RF receiver module receives the 433 MHz signal from the
transmitter and demodulates it to recover the original digital code.
• Decoder Processing: The recovered digital code is sent to the HT12D decoder IC. The
HT12D decodes the received code based on its internal logic.
• LED Activation: Based on the decoded data, the HT12D activates the corresponding output
pin. These output pins are typically connected to the LEDs. Therefore, depending on the
button pressed on the transmitter and the corresponding HT12E encoding, a specific LED on
the receiver circuit will light up.

RESULT:
Thus, designation of a wireless RF transmitter and receiver circuit using HT12D Decoder and
HT12E Encoder IC’s was completed successfully.