26/12/2023, 11:13 How To Attach And Mount An EBS Volume To EC2 Linux Instance

A — AWS

How to Attach and Mount an EBS

volume to EC2 Linux Instance
by devopscube · December 2, 2022

AWS allows you to create new EBS volumes, and you can attach them to instances
for extra storage. However, to make EBS volume usable as storage inside the
instance, you need to mount it to a specific folder.

Mount an EBS Volume to EC2 Linux

This tutorial will teach you how to attach and mount an EBS volume to ec2
Linux instances.


Follow the steps given below carefully for the setup. 

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Step 1: Head over to EC2 –> Volumes and create a new volume of your preferred size
and type.

Note: Make sure the EBS volume and the instance are in the same
zone.

Step 2: Select the created volume, right-click and select the “ attach volume ” option.

Step 3: Select the ec2 instance from the instance text box as shown below.

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Step 4: Now, login to your ec2 instance and list the available disks using the
following command.

lsblk

The above command will list the disk you attached to your instance.

Step 5: Check if the volume has any data using the following command.

sudo file -s /dev/xvdf

If the above command output shows “ /dev/xvdf: data “, it means your volume is
empty.

Step 6: Format the volume to the ext4 filesystem using the following command.

sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/xvdf

Alternatively, you can also use the xfs format. You have to use either ext4 or xfs.

 
sudo mkfs -t xfs /dev/xvdf

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Step 7: Create a directory of your choice to mount our new ext4 volume. I am using
the name “ newvolume “. You can name it something meaningful to you.

sudo mkdir /newvolume

Step 8: Mount the volume to “ newvolume ” directory using the following command.

sudo mount /dev/xvdf /newvolume/

Step 9: cd into newvolume directory and check the disk space to validate the volume
mount.

cd /newvolume
df -h .

The above command should show the free space in the newvolume directory.

To unmount the volume, use the unmount command as shown below..

sudo umount /dev/xvdf

Automount EBS Volume on Reboot

By default on every reboot, the EBS volumes other than the root volume will get
unmounted. To enable automount, you need to make an entry in the /etc/fstab file.

Follow the steps given below to automount the EBS volume to the ec2 instance.

Step 1: Back up the /etc/fstab file.

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sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak

Step 2: Open /etc/fstab file and make an entry in the following format.

device_name mount_point file_system_type fs_mntops fs_freq fs_passno

For example,

/dev/xvdf /newvolume ext4 defaults,nofail 0 0

Step 3: Execute the following command to check if the fstab file has any errors.

sudo mount -a

If the above command shows no error, it means your fstab entry is valid.

Now, on every reboot, the extra EBS volumes will get mounted automatically.

Add Multiple EBS Volumes To EC2 Instance

You can add more than one EBS volume to an ec2 instance as an additional disk.
You can follow the same steps explained above and the only difference will be the
disk name that you get from the lsblk command.

Here is an example output having two EBS volumes attached to an instance.

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Mount one EBS volume to Multiple EC2

Instances
If you have any use case to mount an EBS volume to multiple ec2 instances, you can
do it via EBS multi-attach functionality.

This option only serves specific use cases where multiple machines need to
read/write to the same storage location concurrently.

The EBS multi-attach option is available only for Provisioned IOPS (PIOPS) EBS
volume types.

 Note: EBS multi-attach does not support XFS , EXT2 , EXT4 , and NTFS 
file systems. It supports only cluster-aware file systems.
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How Many EBS volumes can I attach to an

Instance?
You can attach a maximum of 27 EBS volumes to an ec2 instance. Also, this count
changes for a few instance types. Please check the Volume limits document to know
more.

Also, limit the number of EBS maximum volumes attached to ec2 instances to have
optimal performance. Also, plan your instance capacity based on the workload you
are trying to run.

For example, databases require high IOPS for high read-write rates. IOPS depends on
the disk size. Higher the size, the higher the IOPS.

It is recommended to take snapshots of EBS volumes for high data high availability
and restore options. Check out the EBS snapshot automation article for strategies
and restore options.

Conclusion
In this article, you have learned how to mount an EBS volume to the ec2 instance.

As a DevOps Engineer, it is very important to understand all the EBS attach options
when working on real-time projects.

If you get any errors during the setup, please feel free to contact us in the comment
section.
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TAGS: EBS

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