Potable water distribution system shall be designed in conformance with the applicable

criteria outlined below.

Average Potable Water Consumptions:

Water demands for non-residential developments should be evaluated based on site

specific requirements as well as fire flow requirements.

For calculating Average Day Demands (ADD) on the system, population shall be based
on the approved land use plan and 10% shall be added to account for water loses and
leakage.

Design Flows:

The potable water and fire systems shall be designed as per below:

If potable water and fire systems are separate:

 Water System shall be designed to meet Peak Hour Demand (PHD)

 Fire System shall be designed to meet the Fire Flow (FF) requirements

If potable water and fire system is combined, then the system shall be designed for the
maximum of:
  Peak Hour Demand
 Maximum Daily Demand plus Fire Flow (MDD+FF)

Flow Factors:

The maximum demand to be used in the analysis of the water network shall be
determined using the Average Daily Demand multiplied by a peak flow factor as follows:

Fire Flow Requirements:

Fire Flow shall be determined on the greatest of the following demands:

 As specified by Project criteria

 Industrial Zone = 400 m3/hr (minimum)
 Residential Zone = 200 m3/hr (minimum)

Hydraulic Analysis:

The hydraulic analysis of the water distribution network shall be performed by computer
analysis using appropriate industry standard software. The analysis of flow in the pipe
network shall assume an appropriate 'C' value depending on the pipe material to be
used in the Hazen-Williams formula. Hand calculations using the Hardy Cross method
are also acceptable. A minimum residual pressure in the main of 14 meters of head
maintained during fire- flow analysis. The maximum velocity in the system at maximum
flow shall not exceed 2.00 meters per second.

Hazen-William Formula:
Where:

V = Velocity in m/s

C = Roughness coefficient of pipe d = Pipe inside diameters in meter L = Pipe length

in meters

hf = Hydraulic head losses in pipeline in meters

So = Hydraulic slope

Q = Flow rate cubic meter per second

Hazen-William’s Roughness Coefficient 'C' value for various pipe materials:

General Water System Design Criteria:

Sizing the Water Distribution System Network: Water main supplying fire hydrants
shall not be less than 200 mm and shall be a loop distribution system.

Fire Hydrants: Hydrant branch line from the water main shall be a minimum of 160 mm
pipe diameter. Hydrants shall be avoided on dead end water mains.

Loop Distribution Piping: Piping in distribution system shall be interconnected to

provide a complete loop. Dead ends shall be avoided as far as possible. Water from the
main distribution grid shall enter individual loop from at least two points.

Horizontal and Vertical Pipeline Separation: A horizontal separation of 2.00 meters

and a vertical separation of 0.50 m shall be maintained between water and irrigation and
sewer lines, with the sewer line below the water line. A horizontal separation of 3.00 m
shall be maintained where a minimum of 0.50 m vertical separation cannot be achieved.
At cross overs, where the vertical separation cannot be maintained, sewer line shall be
encased in concrete for a minimum length of 3.00 m on each side of the water line.

Minimum Pipeline Cover: Pipeline shall be placed underground and designed to

support the superimposed standard wheel loading over the water line.

Code and Standard: The fire protection piping system shall comply with all the
applicable requirements of local fire department.

Valve Size: Gate valve shall be used for valve size of 160 mm and below, and butterfly
valve with chamber shall be used for above 160 mm valve size.