10.

Ketones

LiAlH4 or NaBH4 or Na/et or Zn/HCl R’

Alkene reduction R—CH—OH
R’ (2° alcohol)
R C==CH2 R
Ozonolysis 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine R’
(condensation)
Yellow/orange ppt—test for carbonyl
Oxidation of Tollen’s
2° alcohol KMnO4/H+ R’ oxidation Fehling’s no reaction –ketones not oxidised
R CHOH ∆ C==O KMnO4/H+ R’
R’ R R’ R—C--OH
HCN R CH2NH2
(nucleophilic addition) R’
i) R”MgX or R”Li R—C--OH
ii) H2O COOH

I2/aq NaOH CHI3 + RCO2Na (only for methyl ketones)