Tanvir’s Learning Point

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GBPGmwm AvBwmwU
Aa¨vq 2t KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s

Ávbg~jK cÖkœ
1. KøvDW Kw¤úDwUs Kx?
DËit B›Uvi‡b‡U ev I‡q‡e mshy³ n‡q wKQz †Møvevj myweav †fvM Kivi c×wZB n‡jv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs|
2. dzj Wz‡cø· Kx?
DËit dzj Wz‡cø· †gvW n‡jv GKB mg‡q Dfq w`K n‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb e¨e¯’v|
3. e¨vÛDBW_ Kx?
DËit e¨vÛDBW_ n‡jv cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii nvi|
4. ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb †g_W Kx?
DËit †h cÖwµqvq ev †h †g_‡W †WUv GKwU wWfvBm †_‡K Av‡iKwU wWfvB‡m ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq Zv‡K †WUv UªvÝwgkb †g_W e‡j|
5. Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© Kx?
DËit Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© n‡”Q `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ AvšÍt‡hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v|
6. ‡WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb Kx?
DËit †Kvb †WUv‡K GK cÖvšÍ †_‡K Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ wKsev GK wWfvBm †_‡K Ab¨ wWfvB‡m ¯’vbvšÍi KivB n‡jv †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb|
7. U‡cvjwR Kx?
DËit Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K©i Kw¤úDUvimg~n GKwU Ab¨wUi mv‡_ mshy³ _vKvi c×wZB n‡jv U‡cvjwR|
8. wmwiqvj †WUv UªvÝwgkb Kx?
DËit †h UªvÝwgkb †g_‡W K¨v‡i±v‡ii weUmg~n avivevwnKfv‡e ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq Zv‡K wmwiqvj ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb e‡j|
9. A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb Kx?
DËit †h UªvÝwgkb †g_‡W †WUv K¨v‡i±vi evB K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝdvi nq Zv‡K A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e‡j|
10. nvd Wz‡cø· Kx?
DËit G‡ÿ‡Î Dfq †÷kb Df‡qi w`‡K †WUv cvVv‡Z cv‡i Z‡e GKB mg‡q m¤¢e bq|
11. ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW Kx?
DËit †WUv UªvÝdv‡ii w`K‡K ejv nq †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW|
12. wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb Kx?
DËit †h UªvÝwgkb †g_‡W †WUv‡K cÖ_‡g cÖv_wgK †g‡gvwi‡Z msiÿY Kiv nq Ges Zvici †WUvi K¨v‡i±vimg~n c¨v‡KU evB
c¨v‡KU UªvÝwgU Kiv nq Zv‡K wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e‡j|
13. eªWKv÷ Kx?
DËit eªWKv÷ n‡”Q GKg~Lx †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v,hv‡Z ïay GKRb †cÖiK _v‡K,Ab¨iv †WUv MªnY K‡i|
14. gvwëKv÷ Kx?
DËit G‡ÿ‡Î †bUIqvK©f‚³ wKQz wbw`©ó msL¨K wWfvBm †WUv MªnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
15. BDwbKv÷ Kx?
DËit GB‡ÿ‡Î ïaygvÎ †cÖiK I cÖvcK Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨B †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv nq| GKmv‡_ GKvwaK Kw¤úDUi ev
wWfvBm †WUv MªnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
16. eøyUz_ Kx?
DËit eøyUz_ 2.45 GHz wd«Kz‡qwÝi Iq¨vi‡jm †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GKwU c×wZ, hv 3-10 wgUvi `~i‡Z¡i g‡a¨ KvR K‡i|
17. AcwUK¨vj dvBevi Kx?
DËit AcwUK¨vj dvBevi n‡jv KuvP (wmwjKv) ev cøvw÷K w`‡q ‰Zwi Kiv GKwU ¯^”Q bgbxq Zvi gva¨g hv Av‡jvi MwZ‡Z
Z_¨ ¯’vbvšÍi K‡i|
18. ivDUvi Kx?
DËit ivDUvi Ggb GKwU Kv‡bKwUs wWfvBm hv GKB cÖ‡UvKjf‚³ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK ¯^Zš¿ †bUIqv‡K©i ms‡hvM K‡i †bUIqvK©
m¤úªmviY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
19. g‡Wg Kx?
DËit g‡Wg n‡”Q GKwU B‡jKUªwbK wWfvBm hv wWwRUvj ms‡KZ‡K A¨vbvjM ms‡K‡Z Ges A¨vbvjM ms‡KZ‡K wWwRUvj
ms‡K‡Z cwiYZ Kivi Kv‡R e¨en„Z nq|
20. NIC Kx?
DËit NIC Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv Network Interface Card| GwU †bUIqv‡K©i Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨
e¨eüZ wWfvBm|
21. gWz‡jkb Kx?
DËit gWz‡jkb n‡jv wWwRUvj wmMb¨vj‡K A¨vbvjM wmMbv‡j iƒcvšÍi Kivi cÖwµqv|
22. wW-gWz‡jkb Kx?
DËit wW-gWz‡jkb n‡jv A¨vbvjM ms‡KZ‡K wWwRUvj ms‡K‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kivi cÖwµqv|
23.‡ivwgs Kx?
DËit †gvevBj mvwf©m ‡cÖvfvBWv‡ii Kvfv‡iR Gwiqvi mxgve×Zv `~i Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †`kxq I AvšÍt‡`kxq
AvšÍtms‡hv‡Mi e¨e¯’vB n‡jv †ivwgs|
Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ
1. Av‡jvK wmMb¨v‡j †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii gva¨gwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit Av‡jvK wmMb¨v‡j †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii gva¨gwU n‡”Q dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej| AcwUK¨vj dvBev‡ii wZbwU Ask i‡q‡Q|
h_vt †Kvi, K¬¨vwWs I R¨v‡KU| ‡Kv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q †WUv cÖevwnZ nq| †Kvi KvPu Zš‘ Øviv MwVZ ZvB Gi ga¨ w`‡q B‡jKwUªK
wmMb¨vj Av‡jvK wmMb¨v‡j iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q c~Y© Af¨šÍixY cÖwZdj‡bi gva¨‡g ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq|
2. Ônv‡ei †P‡q myBP DËgÕ- e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit myBP †cÖiK cÖvšÍ †_‡K cÖvß †WUv cÖvcK Kw¤úDUv‡ii mywbw`©ó †cvU©wU‡Z cvwV‡q †`q| wKš‘ nve mywbw`©ó Kw¤úDUv‡i bv
cvwV‡q mKj Kw¤úDUv‡i cvVvq| d‡j †WUv †cÖi‡Y nv‡ei †P‡q myBP DËg|
3. wis U‡cvjwR‡Z me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi mshy³ Ki‡j †Kvb U‡cvjwR nq- e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit wis U‡cvjwR‡Z me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi mshy³ Ki‡j †gk U‡cvjwR ˆZwi nq| KviY †gk
U‡cvjwR‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K Kw¤úDUvi Ab¨ me Kw¤úDUv‡ii m‡½ mivmwi hy³ _v‡K Ges cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUvi ev IqvK©‡÷kb mivmwi
Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv IqvK©‡÷k‡bi mv‡_ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
4. ÒAcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej‡K †bUIqv‡K©i e¨vK‡evb ejv nqÓ- e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej‡K †bUIqv‡K©i e¨vK‡evb ejv nq KviY dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej Kcvi ev Ab¨vb¨ K¨ve‡ji
Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk nvjKv,cvZjv,‡UKmB Ges EMI gy³|d‡j dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej AZ¨bÍ e¨qeûj Ges RwUj
Bb÷‡jkb c×wZ m‡Ë¡I †bUIqv‡K© e¨vK‡evb K¨vej wn‡m‡e AwaK RbwcÖq|
5. dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej EMI gy³ †Kb?
DËit AcwUK¨vj dvBevi n‡jv WvB-B‡jKwUªK c`v_© w`‡q ˆZwi GK ai‡bi Avku-hv Av‡jv wbeÜKiY I cwien‡b mÿg|
GwU B‡jw±ªK¨vj wmMb¨v‡ji cwie‡Z© Av‡jvK wmMb¨vj UªvÝwgU Kivi d‡j AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨ve‡j †Kv‡bv Zwor †PŠ¤^K
Gi Dcw¯’wZ †bB| A_v©r AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨ve‡j Zwor †PŠ¤^K Gi Dcw¯’wZ bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y K¨vejwU EMI gy³|
6. ‡gk U‡cvjwR †Kb RwUj? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit †gk U‡cvjwR †bUIqv‡K©i cÖ‡Z¨K Kw¤úDUvi Ab¨ me Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mivmwi hy³ _v‡K| ms‡hvM msL¨v †ewk
nIqvq eo ai‡bi †bUIqv‡K© †gk U‡cvjwR M‡o †Zvjv KóKi| †gk U‡cvjwR Bb÷j I g¨v‡bR Kiv Zzjbvg~jK KwVb|
†bUIqv‡K©i †bvW msL¨v evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ ms‡hvM msL¨v †e‡o hvq| ZvB †gk U‡cvjwR Zzjbvg~jK RwUj|
7. nvd-Wz‡cø· I dzj-Wz‡cø· †gv‡Wi g‡a¨ GKwU cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit nvd-Wz‡cø· I dzj-Wz‡cø· †gv‡Wi g‡a¨ GKwU cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv-
nvd-Wz‡cø· †gv‡W Dfq †÷kb Df‡qi w`‡K †WUv cvVv‡Z cv‡i Z‡e GKB mg‡q m¤¢e bq| Ab¨w`‡K dzj-Wz‡cø· †gvW n‡jv
GKB mg‡q Dfq w`K n‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb e¨e¯’v|
8. A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡bi †P‡q wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡bi `ÿZv †ewk- e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit †h UªvÝwgkb †g_‡W †WUv‡K cÖ_‡g cÖv_wgK †g‡gvwi‡Z msiÿY Kiv nq Ges Zvici †WUvi K¨v‡i±vimg~n c¨v‡KU evB
c¨v‡KU UªvÝwgU Kiv nq Zv‡K wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e‡j| †h‡nZz GB UªvÝwgk‡b †WUv eøK AvKv‡i UªvÝwgU nq Ges UªvÝwgkb
Kvh© AbeiZ Pj‡Z _v‡K d‡j GB UªvÝwgk‡bi MwZ I `ÿZv A‡bK †ewk|
9. e¨vÛDBW_ 128 kbps ej‡Z Kx eySvq? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit e¨vÛDBW_ n‡jv cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii nvi| e¨vÛDBW_ 128 kbps ej‡Z †Kv‡bv gva¨‡gi ga¨ w`‡q cÖwZ
†m‡K‡Û 128 wK‡jvweU †WUv UªvÝwgkb‡K †evSvq|
10. Ò‡WUv Dfq w`‡K †cÖiY m¤¢e, wKš‘ GKB mg‡q bqÓ- e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit nvd-Wz‡cø· †gv‡W †WUv Dfq w`‡K †cÖiY m¤¢e wKbÍy GKB mg‡q m¤¢e bq| GB c×wZ‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ GKB mg‡q
†KejgvÎ †WUv MÖnY A_ev †cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ MªnY I †cÖiY GKB mv‡_ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| nvd-Wz‡cø· †gv‡Wi D`vniY
n‡jv- IqvwK-UwK, Gm.Gg.Gm BZ¨vw`|
11. A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b mgq †ewk jv‡M †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit †h UªvÝwgkb †g_‡W †WUv K¨v‡i±vi evB K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝdvi nq Zv‡K A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e‡j| A¨vwmb‡µvbvm
UªvÝwgk‡b †WUv¸‡jv K¨v‡i±vi evB K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝwgU nq Ges UªvÝwgU nevi ci Av‡iKwU K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝwgU Kivi gvSLv‡bi
weiwZ me mgq mgvb bv n‡q wfbœ wfbœI n‡Z cv‡i| cÖwZwU K¨v‡i±v‡ii ïiæ‡Z GKwU ÷vU© weU Ges †k‡l GKwU A_ev `yÕwU
÷c weU †hvM K‡i †WUv UªvÝwgU Kiv nq,d‡j UªvÝwgUK…Z g~j †WUvi cwigvY e„w× cvq| d‡j A¨vwmb‡µvbvm c×wZ‡Z †WUv
UªvÝwgk‡b mgq †ewk jv‡M|
12. ÒGKg~Lx †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvWÓ- e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit GKg~Lx †WUv UªvÝwgkb‡K ejv nq wmg‡cø· †gvW| GB Ae¯’vq †h cÖvšÍ †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡e †m cÖvšÍ †WUv MÖnY Ki‡Z
cvi‡e bv Ges MÖnY cÖvšÍ †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| ‡hgb- K †_‡K L †Z †WUv †cÖiY Kiv hv‡e| wKš‘ L †_‡K K †Z †WUv
‡cÖiY Kiv hv‡e bv| D`vniY: †iwWI, wUwfi Abyôvb BZ¨vw`|
K L
wPÎ : wmg‡cø· UªvÝwgkb †gvW
13. ‡WUv PjvP‡ji `ªæZZg gva¨gwU eY©bv K‡iv|
DËit 1 bs cÖ‡kœ `ªóe¨
14. Av‡jvi MwZ‡Z †WUv ¯’vbvšÍi nq- e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit 1 bs cÖ‡kœ `ªóe¨
15. bb †gUvwjK K¨vej gva¨gwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit 1 bs cÖ‡kœ `ªóe¨
16. ‡PŠ¤^K cÖfvegy³ K¨vejwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv|
DËit 5 bs cÖ‡kœ `ªóe¨
17. Ô‡WUv PjvP‡ji `ªæZZg gva¨gwU BGgAvB gy³Õ- e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit 5 bs cÖ‡kœ `ªóe¨
18. ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit †WUv UªvÝdv‡ii w`K‡K ejv nq †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW| †WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi †ÿ‡Î †WUvi w`K Kx n‡e A_©vr †WUv
†Kvb w`K †_‡K †Kvb w`‡K hv‡e Zv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| w`‡Ki Dci wfwË K‡i ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW‡K wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
h_v: wmg‡cø·, nvd-Wz‡cø· Ges dzj-Wz‡cø·| Avevi MªnxZvi Dci wbf©i K‡i ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW‡K wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv
hvq| h_v: BDwbKv÷, eªWKv÷, gvwëKv÷|
19. ÒK¬vDW Kw¤úDUv‡ii Z‡_¨i †MvcbxqZv I wbivcËv KgÓ- e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit B›Uvi‡b‡U ev I‡q‡e mshy³ n‡q wKQz †Møvevj myweav †fvM Kivi c×wZB n‡jv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs| GwU GKwU we‡kl
cwi‡lev| GLv‡b ÒK¬vDWÓ ej‡Z `~ieZ©x †Kv‡bv kw³kvjx mvf©vi Kw¤úDUvi‡K †evSv‡bv nq| ‡h‡nZz Z_¨ `~ieZ©x †Kv‡bv
kw³kvjx mvf©v‡i _v‡K A_©vr wb‡Ri Kv‡Q _v‡K bv ZvB G‡Z wbivcËv I †MvcbxqZv Kg|
20. ‡WUv UªvÝwgk‡b wmb‡µvbvm myweavRbK- e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit 8 bs cÖ‡kœ `ªóe¨
21. Ò‡WUv eøK AvKv‡i UªvÝwgU nqÓ- e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit 8 bs cÖ‡kœ `ªóe¨
22. K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi myweav wj‡Lv|
DËit K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi myweavÑ
• Acv‡iwUs LiP Zzjbvg~~jK Kg|
• wbR¯^ nvW©Iq¨vi ev mdUIq¨v‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq bv d‡j LiP Kg|
• mve©ÿwYK e¨envi Kiv hvq|
• ‡h‡Kv‡bv ¯’vb †_‡K B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g Z_¨ Avc‡jvW ev WvDb‡jvW Kiv hvq|
• ¯^qswµqfv‡e mdUIq¨vi Avc‡WU Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
23.‡Kvb U‡cvjwR‡Z †bvWmg~n ci¯úi Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e `ªæZMwZ‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit 3 bs cÖ‡kœ `ªóe¨
24. ‡h U‡cvjwR‡Z me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi mshy³ Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit 3 bs cÖ‡kœ `ªóe¨
25. wbivc` †WUv msiÿ‡Yi cwi‡levwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit wbivc` †WUv msiÿ‡Yi cwi‡levwU n‡jv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs| GwU GKwU we‡kl cwi‡lev| GLv‡b ÒK¬vDWÓ ej‡Z `~ieZ©x
†Kv‡bv kw³kvjx mvf©vi Kw¤úDUvi‡K †evSv‡bv nq| KøvDW mvwf©‡m nvW©Iq¨vi fvov K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq †WUv msiÿY Kiv
hvq|d‡j wb‡Ri wWfvBm nvwi‡q ev bó n‡q †M‡jI D³ †WUv wd‡i cvIqv hvq| K¬DW Kw¤úDwUs Gi wi‡mvm© AwaK wbivc`
nIqvq GwU AwaK wbf©i‡hvM¨|
26.wbivc` †WUv msiÿ‡Y K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs DËgÑ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit 25 bs cÖ‡kœ `ªóe¨
27. ¯^qswµqfv‡e mdUIq¨vi Avc‡WU I iÿYv‡eÿY Kiv hvq wKfv‡e Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËit ¯^qswµqfv‡e mdUIq¨vi Avc‡WU I iÿYv‡eÿY Kiv hvq K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi mvnv‡h¨| B›Uvi‡b‡U ev I‡q‡e mshy³
n‡q wKQz †Møvevj myweav †fvM Kivi c×wZB n‡jv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs| GwU GKwU we‡kl cwi‡lev| GLv‡b ÒK¬vDWÓ ej‡Z
`~ieZ©x †Kv‡bv kw³kvjx mvf©vi Kw¤úDUvi‡K †evSv‡bv nq| we‡k¦i †h‡Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ †_‡K B›Uvi‡bU mshy³ Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva¨‡g
ÔK¬vDWÕ cÖ`Ë †mevmg~n †fvM Kiv hvq| K¬vDW †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôv‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq nvW©Iq¨vi, mdUIq¨vi BZ¨vw` fvov w`‡q
_v‡K hv‡Z e¨enviKvix mn‡R A¨vwcø‡Kkb †W‡fjc I Zv cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
28.IEEE 802.11 ÷¨vÛv‡W©i cÖhyw³wU eywS‡q †j‡Lv|
DËit IEEE 802.11 ÷¨vÛv‡W©i cÖhyw³wU n‡jv Wi-Fi| GwU GKwU Iq¨vi‡jm LAN ÷¨vÛvW©| Wi-Fi Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv
Wireless Fidelity| Gi e¨vÛDBW_ (10-50) Mbps ch©šÍ| Gi †bUIqvK© Kvfv‡iR Gwiqv N‡ii g‡a¨ (20-26) wgUvi
ch©šÍ Ges †Lvjv RvqMvq 65 wgUvi ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i| Gi wd«Kz‡qwÝ 2.4 GHZ ‡_‡K 5.0 GHZ ch©šÍ|
29. IEEE 802.16 ÷¨vÛv‡W©i cÖhyw³wU eywS‡q †j‡Lv|
DËit IEEE 802.16 ÷¨vÛv‡W©i cÖhyw³wU n‡jv Wi-Max| GwU GKwU Iq¨vi‡jm MAN ÷¨vÛvW©| Wi-Max Gi c~Y©iƒc
n‡jv World Wide Interoperability for Microwave Access| Gi e¨vÛDBW_ (30 Mbps-1 Gbps) ch©šÍ|
Gi †bUIqvK© Kvfv‡iR Gwiqv (10-60) wK‡jvwgUvi ch©šÍ|
cÖ‡qvMg~jK I D”PZi `ÿZvg~jK cÖkœ
1. AvBwmwU wkÿK K¬v‡m ej‡jb †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi GKwU c×wZ‡Z †WUv GKwU Zv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q ÷vU© I ÷c we‡Ui mgš^‡q
UªvÝwgU nq Ges Aci GKwU c×wZ‡Z †WUv †d«‡gi mv‡_ †nWvi I †Uªjvi hy³ n‡q UªvÝwgU nq| Gici wkÿK Ggb GKwU
cÖhyw³i K_v ej‡jb hvi gva¨‡g Zviwenxbfv‡e eû`~i ch©šÍ B›Uvi‡bU †mev cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Zviwenxb B›Uvi‡bU †mev cÖ`vb Kivi cÖhyw³wU eY©bv K‡iv|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †WUv UªvÝwgkb c×wZ `y‡Uvi g‡a¨ Zyjbvg~jK we‡kølY K‡iv|
 1 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Zviwenxb B›Uvi‡bU †mev cÖ`vb Kivi cÖhyw³wU n‡jv IEEE 802.16 ÷¨vÛvW©wewkó KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g
Z_v Wi-Max| Wi-Max Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡”Q World Wide Interoperability for Microwave Access| GwU
IEEE 802.16 ÷¨vÛv‡W©i Iq¨vi‡jm †g‡UªvcwjUb Gwiqv †bUIqv‡K©i (WMAN) †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³, hv we¯Í…Z GjvKv Ry‡o
B›Uvi‡bU †mev cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| Gi †WUv UªvÝdvi †iU (30Mbps – 1Gbps) ch©šÍ| †bUIqvK© Kvfv‡iR Gwiqv (10-60)
wK.wg ch©šÍ| Gi mvnv‡h¨ †WUv UªvÝdvi QvovI VOIP ( Voice Over Internet Protocol ) Gi mvnv‡h¨ c„w_exi
†h‡Kv‡bv †`‡k Kg Li‡P K_vI ejv hvq| GB cÖhyw³i ‡bUIqvK© Interference ev signal noise Kg|
Wi-Max wm‡÷‡gi `ywU cÖavb Ask _v‡K| h_v-
• ‡em †÷kb: hv Bb‡Wvi I AvDU‡Wvi UvIqvi wb‡q MwVZ|
• Wi-Max wiwmfvi: Gi m‡½ GKwU G‡›Ubv _v‡K Ges G‡K Kw¤úDUv‡ii m‡½ Kv‡b± K‡i w`‡Z nq|
wet`ªt DÏxc‡K Zviwenxbfv‡e eû`~i ch©šÍ B›Uvi‡bU †mev cÖ`v‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| ZvB cÖhyw³wU n‡e IqvB-g¨v·|
1 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡K cÖ_g †WUv UªvÝwgkb c×wZ‡Z †WUv ÷vU© I ÷c weU Gi mgš^‡q UªvÝwgU nq| myZivs GwU A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb
c×wZ| Avi wØZxq c×wZ‡Z †d«‡gi mv‡_ †nWvi I †Uªjvi hy³ n‡q UªvÝwgU nq| myZivs GwU n‡jv wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb
c×wZ| wb‡P D‡jøwLZ †WUv UªvÝwgkb c×wZ `y‡Uvi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv:
A¨vwmb‡µvbvm wmb‡µvbvm
1. ‡h UªvÝwgkb †g_‡W †WUv K¨v‡i±vi evB K¨v‡i±vi 1. ‡h UªvÝwgkb †g_‡W †WUvi K¨v‡i±vimg~n c¨v‡KU evB
UªvÝdvi nq Zv‡K A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e‡j| c¨v‡KU A_©vr GKwU GKwU K‡i c¨v‡KU UªvÝwgU Kiv
nq Zv‡K wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e‡j|
2. ‡WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi Rb¨ †cÖi‡Ki †Kv‡bv cÖvBgvwi †÷v‡iR 2. G c×wZ‡Z †cÖiK ‡÷kb cÖ_‡g †WUv‡K cÖvBgvwi
wWfvB‡mi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| †÷v‡iR wWfvB‡m msiÿY K‡i|
3. GKwU K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝwgU nevi ci Av‡iKwU K¨v‡i±vi 3. cÖwZwU c¨v‡KU ev eø‡K weiwZi mgq mgvb _v‡K|
UªvÝwgU Kivi gvSLv‡b weiwZi mgq mgvb bvI n‡Z
cv‡i|
4. GB UªvÝwgk‡b MwZ I `ÿZv Kg| 4. GB UªvÝwgk‡b MwZ I `ÿZv ‡ewk|
5. mgq Zzjbvg~jK †ewk jv‡M| 5. mgq Zzjbvg~jK Kg jv‡M|
6. GwU Zzjbvg~jK m¯Ív| 6. GwU Zzjbvg~jK e¨qeûj|
7. cÖwZwU K¨v‡i±v‡ii ïiæ‡Z GKwU ÷vU© weU Ges 7. cÖwZwU eø‡Ki ïiæ‡Z GKwU †nWvi Bbdi‡gkb Ges
K¨v‡i±vi †k‡l 1 ev 2 wU ÷c weU cvVv‡Z nq| †k‡l GKwU †Uªjvi Bbdi‡gkb wmMb¨vj cvVv‡bv nq|
8. GwUi Bb÷‡jkb e¨q AZ¨šÍ Kg| 8. GwUi Bb÷‡jkb e¨q AZ¨šÍ †ewk|
2. wmdvZ AvBwmwU K¬v‡m wkÿ‡Ki Av‡jvPbv n‡Z Rvb‡Z cv‡i †h, †WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡b GKwU c×wZ‡Z †WUv K¨v‡i±vi
evB K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝwgU nq Ges Aci GKwU c×wZ‡Z †WUv eøK AvKv‡i UªvÝwgU nq| †m Zvi evmvq Zviwenxb B›Uvi‡bU
ms‡hvM †bq| d‡j †m `ªæZMwZi B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
M. DÏxc‡K B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM e¨e¯’vq e¨eüZ cÖhyw³ Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N. DÏxc‡K UªvÝwgkb c×wZ `yÕwUi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi `ÿZv †ewk? we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI|
2 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡K wmdvZ †h cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i‡Q Zv n‡jv IqvB-dvB|
Wi-Fi Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡”Q Wireless Fidelity| GwU IEEE 802.11 ÷¨vÛv‡W©i Iq¨vi‡jm ‡jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqv‡K©i
(WLAN) †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³| Gi mvnv‡h¨ †cv‡U©ej ev enb‡hvM¨ wWfvBm‡K (j¨vcUc Kw¤úDUvi, †gvevBj †dvb) mn‡R
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui mv‡_ hy³ Kiv hvq| Gi ÷¨vÛv‡W©i wKQz fvm©b i‡q‡Q| †hgb: 802. 11a, 802. 11b, 802. 11g, 802. 11n
Ges 802. 11ac| eZ©gv‡b 802. 11ac fvm©bwU e¨vcKfv‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q| Gi wd«Kz‡qwÝ 2.4GHZ UHF ( Ultra High
Frequency ) ‡_‡K 5.0GHZ SHF ( Super High Frequency )| e¨vÛDBW_ (10-50)Mbps ch©šÍ| Gi
†bUIqvK© Kvfv‡iR N‡ii g‡a¨ (20-26) wgUvi ch©šÍ Ges †Lvjv RvqMvq 65 wgUvi ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i| Wi-Fi ‡Rv‡bi g‡a¨
†h‡Kv‡bv RvqMvq Kv‡bKkb cvIqv hvq| eZ©gv‡b Wi-Fi cÖhyw³ Øviv voice I video ‡WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|
wet`ªt DÏxc‡K evmvq Zviwenxb B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM †bqv n‡q‡Q| ZvB cÖhyw³wU n‡jv IqvB-dvB|
2 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡K cÖ_g †WUv UªvÝwgkb c×wZ‡Z †WUv K¨v‡i±vi evB K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝwgU nq| myZivs GwU A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb
c×wZ| Avi wØZxq c×wZ‡Z †WUv eøK AvKv‡i UªvÝwgU nq| myZivs GwU n‡jv wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb c×wZ|
‡h UªvÝwgkb †g_‡W †WUv K¨v‡i±vi evB K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝdvi nq Zv‡K A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e‡j| ‡h UªvÝwgkb †g_‡W
†WUvi K¨v‡i±vimg~n c¨v‡KU evB c¨v‡KU A_©vr GKwU GKwU K‡i c¨v‡KU UªvÝwgU Kiv nq Zv‡K wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb
e‡j| A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b GKwU K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝwgU nevi ci Av‡iKwU K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝwgU Kivi gvSLv‡b weiwZi mgq
mgvb bvI n‡Z cv‡i| d‡j A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b mgq Zzjbvg~jK †ewk jv‡M| wKš‘ wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b cÖwZwU c¨v‡KU
ev eø‡K weiwZi mgq mgvb _v‡K| d‡j wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b mgq Zzjbvg~jK Kg jv‡M| A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b MwZ I
`ÿZv Kg| wKš‘ wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b †WUv PjvP‡ji MwZ I `ÿZv ‡ewk| | A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b cÖwZwU K¨v‡i±v‡ii
ïiæ‡Z GKwU ÷vU© weU Ges K¨v‡i±vi †k‡l GKwU ev `ywU ÷c weU cvVv‡Z nq| wKš‘ wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b ÷vU© I ÷c
weU bv _vKvq UªvÝwgkb Kvh© Aweivgfv‡e Pj‡Z _v‡K| ZvB ejv hvq, A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡bi †P‡q wmb‡µvbvm
UªvÝwgk‡bi `ÿZv †ewk|
wet`ªt 1(N) bs m„Rbkxj cª‡kœvËi †_‡KB wjLv n‡q‡Q 2(N) bs|
3. wknve Zvi Awd‡mi Af¨šÍ‡i Zviwenxb cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g wewfbœ K‡ÿi Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †bUIqvK© ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q, hv
e¨env‡i KZ©„c‡ÿi Aby‡gv`‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| †m GKB kn‡ii wewfbœ GjvKvq Aew¯’Z kvLv Awd‡mi
Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv‡Z Zviwenxb cÖhyw³i mvnv‡h¨ mgvb weiwZ‡Z †WUv ¯’vbvšÍi K‡i|
M. wknv‡ei e¨eüZ †WUv UªvÝwgkb c×wZwU myweavRbK-e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N. DÏxc‡K e¨eüZ cÖhyw³ `ywUi g‡a¨ †KvbwU myweavRbK? we‡kølY K‡i gZvgZ `vI|
3 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡Ki wknv‡ei e¨eüZ UªvÝwgkb c×wZ‡Z Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv mgvb weiwZ‡Z †WUv UªvÝdvi K‡i| myZivs UªvÝwgkb c×wZwU
n‡jv wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb c×wZ| ‡h UªvÝwgkb †g_‡W †WUvi K¨v‡i±vimg~n c¨v‡KU evB c¨v‡KU A_©vr GKwU GKwU K‡i
c¨v‡KU UªvÝwgU Kiv nq Zv‡K wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e‡j| wmb‡µvbvm †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi myweavmg~n wb¤œiƒc:
• wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡bi `ÿZv A¨vwmb‡µvbv‡mi Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk|
• ÷vU© I ÷c weU bv _vKvq UªvÝwgkb Kvh© Aweivgfv‡e Pj‡Z _v‡K|
• Gi MwZ Zzjbvg~jK †ewk|
• ‡WUv UªvÝwgk‡b mgq Zzjbvg~jK Kg jv‡M|
• ‡ewk cwigvY †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi Rb¨ G c×wZ A‡bK myweavRbK|
3 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡Ki ewY©Z cÖhyw³ `ywUi GKwU Wi-Fi Ges AciwU Wi-Max| wknv‡ei Awd‡mi Af¨šÍ‡i Wi-Fi e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q Ges
wewfbœ kvLv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Wi-Max e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ Wi-Fi Ges Wi-Max Gi Zzjbv †`Iqv n‡jv-
Wi-Fi:
• LAN e¨envi K‡i evmvevwo, Awdm, †nv‡Uj, K¨v‡d, wek^we`¨vjq I Ab¨vb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’v‡b Zviwenxb B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi
Kiv hvq|
• IEEE 802.11b I IEEE 802.11g ÷¨vÛv‡W© fv‡jv wd«Kz‡qwÝ cvIqv hvq|
• Wi-Fi ‡bUIqv‡K©i Rb¨ miKvwi Aby‡gv`‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
• ‡WUv UªvÝdvi †ek axiMwZ m¤úbœ|
• we¯Í…Z GjvKve¨vcx †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq bv|
• wbivcËv e¨e¯’v LyeB `ye©j|
Wi-Max:
• A‡cÿvK…Z AwaK gvbm¤§Z I wbivcËv msewjZ Iq¨vi‡jm cÖ‡UvKj|
• eZ©gv‡b Wi-Max Iq¨vi‡jm B›Uvi‡bU myweav cÖ`vbKvix me©vaywbK cÖhyw³|
• GKwU †em †÷k‡bi AvIZvq K‡qK nvRvi e¨enviKvix‡K B›Uvi‡bU myweav †`Iqv hvq|
• ‡WU UªvÝdvi †iU 30Mbps – 1Gbps ch©šÍ nq|
• Wi-Max- G †ewk we`y¨‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
• AwaK e¨qeûj I iÿYv‡eÿY LiP †ewk|
mew`K we‡ePbv K‡i ejv hvq, †QvU cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ Wi-Fi myweavRbK Ges eo cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ Wi-Max ‡ewk
myweavRbK|
4. dvivwe Zvi j¨vcU‡ci ¸iæZ¡c~© †WUv e¨vKAvc ivLvi Rb¨ B›Uvi‡b‡Ui mv‡_ hy³ GKwU †÷v‡iR †mev e¨envi K‡i| †m
Zvi j¨vcU‡c _vKv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mKj †WUv †mLv‡b Avc‡jvW K‡i iv‡L| †m wb‡Ri UvBwcs-Gi MwZ evov‡bvi Rb¨ Aemi
mg‡q Kx-‡evW© UvBc Abykxjb K‡i|
M. dvivwei e¨eüZ †mevwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N. dvivwe Aem‡i †h KvRwU K‡i †mwUi †WUv UªvÝwgkb †g_W we‡kølY K‡iv|
4 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
dvivwe Zvi j¨vcU‡ci ¸iæZ¡c~© †WUv e¨vKAvc ivLvi Rb¨ B›Uvi‡b‡Ui mv‡_ hy³ GKwU †÷v‡iR †mev e¨envi K‡i †mLv‡b
Avc‡jvW K‡iwQj| B›Uvi‡b‡U ev I‡q‡e mshy³ n‡q wKQz †Møvevj myweav (‡hgb †÷v‡iR) †fvM Kivi c×wZB n‡jv K¬vDW
Kw¤úDwUs| K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs g~jZ Kw¤úDwUs kw³, AbjvBb cwi‡lev, †WUv A¨vK‡mm, †WUv †¯úm cÖf…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs- Gi ˆewkó¨:
• mvejxjfv‡e Kv‡Ri DbœwZ mvab K‡i|
• wi‡mvm© (nvW©Iq¨vi I mdUIq¨vi) †kqvi K‡i LiP Kgv‡bv hvq|
• fvP©yqvj cÖhyw³ e¨envi Kivmn wewfbœ wWfvBm I wewfbœ RvqMvq GwU e¨envi Kiv hvq|
• AwaK wbf©i‡hvM¨ I wi‡mvm© AwaK wbivc`|
• GwUi aviYÿgZv AwaK I GwU wbqš¿b ev cwiPvjbv Kiv mnR|
4 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
dvivwe Aemi mg‡q Kx-‡ev‡W© UvBwcs Abykxjb K‡i| Kx-‡ev‡W© UvBwcs -Gi †ÿ‡Î A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb †g_‡W †WUv
UªvÝwgU n‡q _v‡K| ‡h UªvÝwgkb †g_‡W †WUv K¨v‡i±vi evB K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝdvi nq Zv‡K A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb †g_W
e‡j| cÖvcK‡K †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ GB †g_‡W †WUv weU¸‡jvi mvg‡b GKwU AwZwi³ ÷vU© weU hy³ K‡i ‡`qv nq| Kx-‡evW©
†_‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i UªvÝwg‡Ui †ÿ‡Î GwU e¨eüZ nq| 8 we‡Ui †WUv UªvÝwg‡Ui †ÿ‡Î mvg‡b GKwU ÷vU© weU Ges †k‡l 1 ev
2 wU ÷c weU hy³ K‡i 9/10 we‡Ui †WUvq iƒcvšÍi K‡i UªvÝwgU Kiv nq| GB †g_‡Wi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ˆewk󨸇jv n‡jv:
• ‡h‡Kv‡bv mgq †cÖiK †WUv cvVv‡Z cv‡i Ges MÖvnK/ cÖvcK Zv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
• cÖwZwU K¨v‡i±v‡ii ïiæ‡Z GKwU ÷vU© weU Ges K¨v‡i±vi †k‡l 1 ev 2 wU ÷c weU cvVv‡Z nq|
• GKwU K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝwgU nevi ci Av‡iKwU K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝwgU Kivi gvSLv‡b weiwZi mgq mgvb bvI n‡Z cv‡i|
• Kg †WUv UªvÝwg‡Ui †ÿ‡Î †ewk Dc‡hvMx|
• ‡WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi Rb¨ †cÖi‡Ki †Kv‡bv cÖvBgvwi †÷v‡iR wWfvB‡mi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
• GB UªvÝwgk‡b MwZ I `ÿZv Kg|
• mgq Zzjbvg~jK †ewk jv‡M|
• GwU Zzjbvg~jK m¯Ív|
wet`ªt ˆewk󨸇jv 1(N) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi †_‡K †bIqv|
5.
‡cÖiK MÖvnK ‡cÖiK MÖvnK ‡cÖiK MÖvnK

wPÎ-1 MÖvnK ‡cÖiK MÖvnK ‡cÖiK

wPÎ-2 wPÎ-3

M. wPÎ-1 Gi †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW D`vniYmn e¨vL¨v K‡iv|

N. wPÎ-2 Ges wPÎ-3 Gi †WUv UªvÝwgkb ‡gv‡Wi g‡a¨ †KvbwU †ewk Dc‡hvMx? we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI|
5 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-1 G †`Lv hv‡”Q wmMb¨vj ïay †cÖiK cÖvšÍ †_‡K MÖvnK cÖv‡šÍ hv‡”Q wKš‘ MÖvnK cÖvšÍ †_‡K †cÖiK cÖv‡šÍ Avm‡Q
bv| myZivs GwU wmg‡cø· †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW| GKgyLx †WUv cÖevn‡K ejv nq wmg‡cø· †gvW| G‡Z H c‡_ wecixZ w`‡K
wmMb¨vj †h‡Z cv‡i bv| GB e¨e¯’vq †h cÖvšÍ †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡e †m cÖvšÍ †WUv MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv Ges MÖnY cÖvšÍ †WUv †cÖiY
Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| †hgb jvDW ¯úxKvi †_‡K kã †ei n‡q †kÖvZvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q, wKš‘ †kÖvZvi KvQ †_‡K †Kv‡bv wmMb¨vj jvDW
¯úxKv‡i †h‡Z cv‡i bv| †hgb- Kx-‡evW©, gvDm, †iwWI, wUwfi mvaviY Abyôvbgvjv BZ¨vw`|
5 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
wPÎ-2 n‡jv nvd Wz‡cø· †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW| GB e¨e¯’vq Dfq w`K †_‡K †WUv †cÖi‡Yi my‡hvM _v‡K, Z‡e Zv GKB mg‡q
m¤¢e bq| †h‡Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ GKB mg‡q †KejgvÎ †WUv MÖnY A_ev †cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ MÖnY Ges †cÖiY GKB mv‡_ Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv| Ab¨w`‡K wPÎ-3 n‡jv dzj Wz‡cø· †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW| dzj Wz‡cø· †gv‡W GKB mg‡q Dfq w`K n‡Z †WUv Av`vb-
cÖ`vb e¨e¯’v _v‡K| †h‡Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ cÖ‡qvR‡b †WUv †cÖiY Kivi mgq †WUv MÖnY A_ev †WUv MÖn‡Yi mgq †WUv †cÖiYI Ki‡Z
cv‡i| D³ †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW؇qi g‡a¨ dzj Wz‡cø· †gvW †ewk Dc‡hvMx| Zvi KviY wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv-
• nvd-Wz‡cø· c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ GKB mg‡q †Kej ‡WUv MÖnY wKsev †cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ MÖnY Ges †cÖiY GKB
mg‡q GKmv‡_ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ dzj-Wz‡cø· c×wZ‡Z †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î Dfq w`K †_‡K GKB mg‡q †WUv †cÖiY
I MÖnY Kiv hvq|
• nvd-Wz‡cø· c×wZi e¨envi Zzjbvg~jK RwUj wKš‘ dzj-Wz‡cø· †gvW c×wZi e¨envi Zzjbvg~jK mnR|
• nvd-Wz‡cø· c×wZ KvwiMwifv‡e Amg„× c×wZ| wKš‘ dzj-Wz‡cø· †gvW c×wZ KvwiMwifv‡e mg„× c×wZ|
6. ‡Uwjwfk‡b wek^Kvc dzUej †Ljv †`L‡Z ivnvZ Zvi eÜzi evwo‡Z hvq| †Ljv‡k‡l †divi c‡_ †m †`Lj iv¯Ívq GKwU
UªvK Gw·‡W›U K‡i‡Q| GgZve¯’vq GKRb cywjk Awdmvi `uvwo‡q †gvevBj m`„k GKwU wWfvBm e¨envi K‡i †_‡g †_‡g
K_v ejwQ‡jb| Ggb mgq ivnv‡Zi eÜz †iRv †gvevBj †dv‡b Rvb‡Z PvBj †Ljvq †Kvb †`k wR‡Z‡Q? ivnvZ DËi w`j
Av‡R©w›Ubv|
M. DÏxc‡Ki cywjk Awdmv‡ii wWfvBmwU‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb c×wZwU e¨envi Kiv nw”Qj- we‡kølY K‡iv|
N. ivnv‡Zi †Uwjwfkb †`Lv Ges †Ljvq djvdj eÜz‡K Rvwb‡q †`Iqvi †ÿ‡Î wWfvBm `ywU‡Z †WUv UªvÝwgkb c×wZi wK
†Kv‡bv ‰emv`„k¨ Av‡Q? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
6 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡Ki cywjk Awdmv‡ii e¨eüZ wWfvBmwUi †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW n‡”Q BDwbKv‡÷i AšÍM©Z nvd-Wz‡cø· †gvW| GB
e¨e¯’vq Dfq w`K †_‡K †WUv †cÖi‡Yi my‡hvM _v‡K, Z‡e Zv GKB mg‡q m¤¢e bq| †h‡Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ GKB mg‡q †KejgvÎ †WUv
MÖnY A_ev †cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ MÖnY Ges †cÖiY GKB mv‡_ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †hgb- wb‡Pi wPÎ-K n‡Z wPÎ-L Gi w`‡K
†WUv †cÖiY Kiv hv‡e Ges wPÎ-L n‡Z wPÎ-K Gi w`‡KI †WUv †cÖiY Kiv hv‡e wKš‘ GKB mg‡q Zv Kiv hv‡e bv| †hgb-
IqvwKUwK|

K ............................ L

wPÎ: nvd-Wz‡cø·

6 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)

DÏxc‡K ivnv‡Zi †Uwjwfk‡b †Ljv †`Lvq e¨eüZ wWfvBmwUi †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW n‡”Q BDwbKv‡÷i AšÍM©Z wmg‡cø· Ges
†Ljvi djvdj Rvwb‡q †`Iqvi †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ wWfvBmwUi †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW n‡”Q BDwbKv‡÷i AšÍM©Z dzj-Wz‡cø·|
wmg‡cø· I dzj-Wz‡cø· †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gv‡Wi g‡a¨ ˆemv`„k¨ we`¨gvb| KviY †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î wmg‡cø· †gvW n‡”Q
†WUvi GKg~Lx cÖevn|
gva¨g
K L
wPÎ: wmg‡cø·

wmg‡cø· †gv‡W †KejgvÎ wPÎ-K †_‡K wPÎ-L Gi w`‡K †WUv †cÖiY Kiv hv‡e| wKš‘ wPÎ-L †_‡K wPÎ-K Gi w`‡K †WUv †cÖi-
Y m¤¢e bq| A_©vr GB e¨e¯’vq †WUv MÖnY Ges †cÖi‡Yi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU m¤¢e| †hgb: †iwWI, †Uwjwfkb BZ¨vw`|
wKš‘ dzj Wz‡cø· †gv‡W GKB mg‡q Dfq w`K n‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb e¨e¯’v _v‡K| †h‡Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ cÖ‡qvR‡b †WUv †cÖiY Kivi
mgq †WUv MÖnY A_ev †WUv MÖn‡Yi mgq †WUv †cÖiYI Ki‡Z cv‡i|
K L
wPÎ: dzj-Wz‡cø·

†hgb- GKB mg‡q wPÎ-K n‡Z wPÎ-L Gi w`‡K †WUv †cÖiY Kiv hv‡e Ges wPÎ-L n‡Z wPÎ-K Gi w`‡KI †WUv †cÖiY Kiv
hv‡e| †hgb: †Uwj‡dvb, †gvevBj|
7. wgZz I wiZy `yB evÜwe iv¯Ív w`‡q †nu‡U hv‡”Q| Zv‡`i cvk w`‡q GKRb cywjk GKwU wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g K_v ej‡Q Ges
K_v ejv †kl n‡j Aci cÿ‡K K_v ejvi wmMb¨vj w`‡”Q| wiZz mv‡_ _vKv GKwU wWfvBm w`‡q Zvi gvi mv‡_ GKB
mg‡q K_v ej‡Q I ïb‡Q| wgZz ejj, Ò‡`v¯Í ZvovZvwo evmvq wdi‡Z n‡e| †iwWI‡Z mKv‡j ï‡bwQ AvR e„wó n‡Z
cv‡i|Ó
M. cywj‡ki e¨eüZ wWfvB‡mi †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW eY©bv K‡iv|
N. wgZy I wiZzi e¨eüZ wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW †ewk myweavRbK? we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI|
7 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
6(M) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨|
7 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
6(N) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨|
ZvB ejv hvq, dzj-Wz‡cø· †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW †ewk myweavRbK|
8. AvBwmwU wkÿK K¬v‡m ej‡jb, †iwWI, †Uwjwfkb, †Uwj‡dvb I †gvevBj Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b eûj e¨eüZ †hvMv‡hvM
e¨e¯’v| mvaviYZ D³ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vq Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb c×wZ‡Z gva¨g wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ K¨vejmg~n Zwor †PŠ¤^Kxq
cÖfvegy³ bq| eZ©gv‡b e¨qeûj n‡jI Zwor †PŠ¤^Kxq cÖfvegy³ weKí c×wZI i‡q‡Q|
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wWfvBmmg~‡n †h c×wZ‡Z †WUv cÖevwnZ nq Zv eY©bv K‡iv|
N. weKí c×wZwU Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zvi mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI|
8 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wWfvBmmg~n n‡jv †iwWI, †Uwjwfkb, †Uwj‡dvb I †gvevBj| †iwWI Ges †Uwjwfk‡b wmg‡cø· I eªWKv÷
†gvW e¨eüZ nq| †Uwj‡dvb I †gvevBj †dv‡b dzj-Wz‡cø· †gvW e¨eüZ nq| wb‡P G‡`i eY©bv †`Iqv n‡jv-
wmg‡cø·: GKgyLx †WUv cÖevn‡K ejv nq wmg‡cø· †gvW| G‡Z H c‡_ wecixZ w`‡K wmMb¨vj †h‡Z cv‡i bv| GB e¨e¯’vq †h
cÖvšÍ †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡e †m cÖvšÍ †WUv MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv Ges MÖnY cÖvšÍ †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
dzj-Wz‡cø·: dzj Wz‡cø· †gv‡W GKB mg‡q Dfq w`K n‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb e¨e¯’v _v‡K| †h‡Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ cÖ‡qvR‡b †WUv
†cÖiY Kivi mgq †WUv MÖnY A_ev †WUv MÖn‡Yi mgq †WUv †cÖiYI Ki‡Z cv‡i|
eªWKv÷: eªWKv÷ †gv‡W †bUIqv‡K©i †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU †bvW ( †hgb: Kw¤úDUvi ) †_‡K †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡j Zv †bUIqv‡K©i
Aaxb¯’ mKj †bvWB MÖnY K‡i|
8 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
weKí c×wZwU n‡jv dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej| dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej Zvi gva¨‡gi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q kw³kvjx gva¨g| dvBevi
AcwUK K¨ve‡j †K‡›`ªi g~j ZviwU ˆZwi nq wmwjKv, KuvP ev ¯^”Q cøvw÷K w`‡q| Av‡jvK wgwWqv wn‡m‡e e¨env‡ii eo myweav
n‡jv G‡Z BGgAvB †bB| †m Kvi‡Y †WUv wmMb¨vj cwiewZ©Z nIqvi fqI †bB| Kuv‡Pi ga¨ w`‡q Av‡jvK ms‡KZiƒ‡c †WUv
cÖevwnZ nq e‡j Gi MwZ A‡bK †ewk nq| GwU B‡jKwUªK¨vj wmMb¨v‡ji cwie‡Z© jvBU wmMb¨vj UªvÝwgU K‡i| G‡Z
Av‡jv‡Ki c~Y© Af¨šÍixY cÖwZdjb c×wZ‡Z †WUv Drm †_‡K MšÍ‡e¨ Mgb K‡i| dvBevi AcwU‡Ki wZbwU Ask _v‡K| h_v:
• ‡Kvi: we‡kl ai‡Yi AwZ ¯^”Q KuvP Øviv ‰Zwi GK ai‡Yi dvBevi| GwU Av‡jvK wmMb¨vj‡K cÖwZdj‡bi Øviv mÂvjb
K‡i| †Kv‡ii e¨vm (8-100) gvB‡µvb ev gvB‡µvwgUvi ch©šÍ nq|
• K¬¨vwWs: GwU KuvP ev cøvw÷K Øviv ˆZwi GK we‡kl ai‡Yi AveiY hv †Kvi‡K wN‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i| ‡Kvi †_‡K AvMZ
Av‡jvK Zi½ K¬¨vwWs-G euvav †c‡q cÖwZdwjZ n‡q cybivq †Kv‡i wd‡i mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q hvq|
• R¨v‡KU: cøvw÷K Øviv ˆZwi evB‡ii AveiY hv m¤ú~Y© e¨e¯’vwU‡K Ave„Z K‡i iv‡L|
9. mvjgv †eMg evmvq Ggb GKwU Zv‡ii gva¨‡g eªWe¨vÛ ms‡hvM wb‡q‡Qb hv EMI cÖfvegy³, f½yi Ges cwi¯‹vi c`v_©
w`‡q ‰Zwi| †m GwU e¨envi K‡i ¯§vU© LED wUwf‡Z evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi ga¨vKvi wµ‡KU †Ljv mivmwi Dc‡fvM K‡ib|
M. eªWe¨vÛ ms‡hv‡M e¨eüZ gva¨gwU eY©bv K‡iv|
N. mvjgv †eM‡gi wUwf †`Lvi mgq Kx ai‡Yi †gvW I ‡g_W e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q- we‡kølY K‡iv|
9 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡K eªWe¨vÛ ms‡hv‡M e¨eüZ gva¨gwU n‡jv dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej|
8(N) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨|
9 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ mvjgv †eMg wUwf †`Lvi mgq wmg‡cø· I eªWKv÷ †gvW Ges AvB‡mv‡µvbvm †g_W e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| wb‡P
G‡`i eY©bv †`Iqv n‡jv:
wmg‡cø·: 8(M) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvˇi `ªóe¨|
eªWKv÷: eªWKv÷ †gv‡W †bUIqv‡K©i †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU †bvW ( †hgb: Kw¤úDUvi ) †_‡K †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡j Zv †bUIqv‡K©i
Aaxb¯’ mKj †bvWB MÖnY K‡i| D`vniY wn‡m‡e †iwWI-‡Uwjwfkb m¤úªPv‡ii K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb:

A B C D

wP‡Î †bUIqv‡K©i A ‡bvW †_‡K †WUv †cÖiY Kiv n‡”Q Ges †bUIqv‡K©i Aaxb¯’ B,C I D ‡bvWmg~n Zv MÖnY Ki‡Q|
AvB‡mv‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb †g_W: AvB‡mv‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb †g_W n‡jv A¨vwmb‡µvbvm I wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb c×wZi GKwU
mgwš^Z iƒc| GwU wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡bi g‡Zv eøK AvKv‡i Ges A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡bi g‡Zv cÖvBgvwi †÷v‡iR wWfvB‡m
†WUv msiÿY bv K‡i cÖvq †Kv‡bv iƒc weiwZ Qvov hLb cÖ‡qvRb ZLb †WUv cvVv‡Z mÿg| A_©vr GB UªvÝwgk‡b ci ci `ywU
eø‡Ki †WUv UªvÝdv‡ii ga¨eZ©x mgq mgvb I me©wb¤œ (cÖvq k~b¨) GKK ivLvi †Póv Kiv nq| mvaviYZ wi‡qj UvBg
A¨vwcø‡Kk‡bi †WUv UªvÝdv‡i G c×wZ †ewk e¨eüZ nq| †hgb: jvBf wUwf m¤úªPvi, w÷ªwgs wfwWI BZ¨vw`| G ai‡Yi
UªvÝwgk‡b †h‡Kv‡bv †WUv cvVv‡bvi ïiæ Kivi c~‡e© GKwU ÷vU© wmMb¨vj cvVv‡bv nq| †WUv cvVv‡bv †kl n‡j ÷c wmMb¨vj
cvVv‡bv nq|
10. nvwee mv‡n‡ei Awd‡mi cÎvw` A¨vUvP‡g›U wn‡m‡e B-‡gB‡ji gva¨‡g cÖvc‡Ki Kv‡Q cvVv‡bv nq| Ab¨w`‡K ÔKÕ K‡jR
wKQzw`‡bi Rb¨ wb‡R‡`i Z_¨, wkÿvg~jK g¨vMvwRb, AbjvBb jvB‡eªwii Z_¨ msiÿY Kivi Rb¨ bZzbfv‡e †÷v‡iR
 wWfvB‡mi cÖ‡qvRb nq Ges KvR Kivi Rb¨ bZzb mdUIq¨v‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq| wKš‘ K‡j‡Ri Aa¨ÿ bZzbfv‡e †÷v‡iR
wWfvBm I mdUIq¨vi bv wK‡b wZwU B›Uvi‡bU wfwËK †mev MÖnY Kivi wm×všÍ †bb|
M. DÏxc‡K cÎ cvVv‡bvi UªvÝwgkb †gvW e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N. DÏxc‡K Aa¨‡ÿi wm×v‡šÍi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY K‡iv|
10 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡K cÎ cvVv‡bvi UªvÝwgkb †gvW n‡jv gvwëKv÷ †gvW| gvwëKv÷ †gv‡W †bUIqv‡K©i †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU †bvW ( †hgb:
Kw¤úDUvi ) †_‡K †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡j Zv †bUIqv‡K©i Aaxb¯’ mKj †bvWB MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ïaygvÎ †h mKj †bvW‡K
AbygwZ †`Iqv nq Zviv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| †bUIqvK©f‚³ †h‡Kv‡bv †bvW‡K G c×wZ‡Z †WUv MÖnY n‡Z weiZ ivLv hvq|‡hgb
MÖæc GmGgGm, MÖæc GgGgGm, B-‡gBj, †UwjKbdv‡iwÝs-G ev wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs-Gi †ÿ‡Î hv‡`i AbygwZ _vK‡e ZvivB
ïaygvÎ AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †hgb- B-‡gB‡ji †ÿ‡Î-

a
B

„A a
C
a

wPÎ: gvwëKv÷ †gvW

Dc‡ii wP‡Î A ‡cÖiK †bvW †_‡K †Kv‡bv †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡j Zv †bUIqv‡K©i Aaxb¯’ B I D ‡bvW MÖnY Ki‡e| C ‡bvW †WUv
MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv KviY C ‡bvW Av‡jvP¨ B-‡gBj e¨enviKvixi m`m¨ bq|
10 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡K Aa¨ÿ B›Uvi‡bU wfwËK †h †mev MÖnY Kivi wm×všÍ †bb Zv n‡jv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs| B›Uvi‡b‡U ev I‡q‡e mshy³
n‡q wKQz †Møvevj myweav †fvM Kivi c×wZB n‡jv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs| GwU GKwU we‡kl cwi‡lev| GLv‡b ÔK¬vDWÕ ej‡Z `~ieZ©x
†Kv‡bv kw³kvjx mvf©vi Kw¤úDUvi‡K †evSv‡bv nq| we‡k^i †h‡Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ †_‡K B›Uvi‡bU mshy³ Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva¨‡g ÔK¬vDWÕ
cÖ`Ë †mevmg~n †fvM Kiv hvq| K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs g~jZ Kw¤úDwUs kw³, AbjvBb cwi‡lev, †WUv A¨vK‡mm, †WUv †¯úm
cÖf…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs- Gi myweavmg~n wb¤œiƒc-
Abyavebg~jK As‡k 22 bs cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨|
ZvB ejv hvq, Aa¨‡ÿi wm×všÍwU †hŠw³K|
11. wicb I wkcb `yB fvB| wicb Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ GK ai‡Yi K¨vej e¨envi K‡i hvi g‡a¨ 4 wU Kgb i‡Oi
(mv`v) Zvi i‡q‡Q Ges wkcb Z_¨ ¯’vbvšÍ‡i we‡klfv‡e ˆZwi cwiï× Kuv‡Pi AZ¨šÍ m~² Zš‘wewkó K¨vej e¨envi K‡i|
Ab¨w`‡K wic‡bi eÜz ivdmvb Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Ggb GK ai‡bi K¨vej e¨envi K‡i hv wWwRUvj I GbvjM
Dfq ai‡bi †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b mÿg Ges K¨vej wUwf †bUIqv‡K© e¨eüZ nq|
M. Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b wic‡bi e¨eüZ K¨vejwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N. Z_¨ ¯’vbvšÍ‡i wkcb I ivdmv‡bi e¨eüZ K¨ve‡ji Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY K‡iv|
11 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡K wic‡bi K¨ve‡j 4 wU Kgb i‡Oi (mv`v) Zvi i‡q‡Q| D³ K¨vejwU n‡jv UzB‡÷W †cqvi †Kej| `ywU cwievnx
Zvgvi Zvi‡K mgvbfv‡e †cuwP‡q UzB‡÷W †cqvi K¨vej ˆZwi Kiv nq| Zvi `ywU ci¯ú‡ii ms¯úk© †_‡K Avjv`v Kivi Rb¨
G‡`i gv‡S Acwievnx c`v_© ivLv nq| eZ©gv‡b †gvU Pvi †Rvov Zvi GK‡Î K‡i GKwU K¨vej ˆZwi Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î †gvU
Zv‡ii msL¨v n‡e 8(4× 2 ) wU| cÖZ †Rvov Zv‡ii g‡a¨ mv`v is-Gi GKwU Kgb Zvi _v‡K| Kg `~i‡Z¡ †WUv UªvÝdv‡ii
†ÿ‡Î UzB‡÷W †cqvi K¨vej e¨eüZ nq| G‡Z UªvÝwgkb jm Lye †ewk| d‡j `~iZ¡ e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ †WUv UªvÝdvi †iUI
Kg‡Z _v‡K| GB ai‡bi K¨vej e¨envi K‡i 100 wgUv‡ii †ewk `~i‡Z¡ †WUv cvVv‡bv hvq bv|
11 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡Ki wkcb cwiï× Kuv‡Pi AZ¨šÍ m~² Zš‘wewkó K¨vej e¨envi K‡i| myZivs wkcb dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej e¨envi
K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K ivdmv‡bi e¨eüZ K¨vej wWwRUvj I GbvjM Dfq ai‡bi †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b mÿg Ges K¨vej wUwf
†bUIqv‡K© e¨eüZ nq| myZivs ivdmvb †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej e¨envi K‡i| wb‡P G‡`i Zyjbv Kiv n‡jv-
dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej:
• Av‡jvi MwZ‡Z †WUv UªvÝwgU K‡i|
• ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb †iU 10 Gbps n‡Z 1 Pbps ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i|
• ‰e`y¨wZK †PŠ¤^K cÖfve n‡Z gy³|
• ‡WUv UªvÝwgk‡b wbivcËv I †MvcbxqZv †ewk|
• kw³i AcPq Kg nq|
• cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y †WUv PjvPj evavMÖ¯’ nq bv|
• AvKvi I AvqZ‡b †QvU Ges IR‡b Kg|
• dvBevi AcwUK LyeB e¨qeûj|
• `~ieZ©x †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ GB K¨vej me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx| c„_xwei wewfbœ †`k¸‡jv †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ Zv‡`i mgy`ª
DcK‚jeZ©x GjvKv w`‡q dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q|
†Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej:
• ‡WUv UªvÝdvi MwZ Zzjbvg~jK †ewk|
• ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb †iU m‡e©v”P 10 Mbps n‡Z 100 Mbps ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i|
• Gi mvnv‡h¨ m‡e©v”P 1 wK.wg. ch©šÍ wWwRUvj †WUv †cÖiY Kiv m¤¢e|
• ‡WUv UªvÝdvi ¯úxW Zv‡ii ˆ`‡N©¨i Dci wbf©ikxj| A_©vr ‰`N©¨ evov‡j ¯úxW K‡g hvq| d‡j UªvÝwgkb jm nq|
ZvB m‡e©vcwi ejv hvq, †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej A‡cÿv dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej AwaK DËg|
12.
Jacket Cladding Core plastic metallic dielectric centre
Jacket shield insulator core

wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2
M. DÏxc‡K cÖ`wk©Z wPÎ-1 Gi ga¨ w`‡q †WUv UªvÝwgkb cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N. DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-1 I wPÎ-2 Gi g‡a¨ ‡KvbwUi e¨envi AwaK myweavRbK? hyw³mn gZvgZ we‡kølY K‡iv|
12 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡K cÖ`wk©Z wPÎ-1 n‡jv dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej| AcwUK¨vj dvBevi n‡jv KuvP (wmwjKv) ev cøvw÷K w`‡q ‰Zwi Kiv
GKwU ¯^”Q bgbxq Zvi gva¨g hv Av‡jvi MwZ‡Z Z_¨ ¯’vbvšÍi K‡i| AcwUK¨vj dvBev‡ii wZbwU Ask i‡q‡Q| h_vt †Kvi,
K¬¨vwWs I R¨v‡KU| ‡Kv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q †WUv cÖevwnZ nq| †Kvi KvPu Zš‘ Øviv MwVZ ZvB Gi ga¨ w`‡q B‡jKwUªK wmMb¨vj
Av‡jvK wmMb¨v‡j iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q c~Y© Af¨šÍixY cÖwZdj‡bi gva¨‡g ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq| GLv‡b K¬¨vwWs-Gi cÖwZmivsK †Kv‡ii
†P‡q Kg nIqvi Kvi‡Y Av‡jvKiwk¥ K¬¨vwWs-G bv wM‡q †Kv‡i evievi c~Y© Af¨šÍixY cÖwZdj‡bi gva¨‡g †WUv‡K UªvÝdvi
K‡i| †h‡nZz Av‡jvi MwZ (cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û cÖvq 3 jÿ wK.wg.) B‡jKUª‡bi MwZi Zzjbvq †ewk ZvB dvBevi AcwUK K¨ve‡ji
ga¨ w`‡q me‡P‡q †ewk Ges `ªæZ MwZ‡Z †WUv †cÖiY Kiv hvq|
12 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
wPÎ-1 n‡jv dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej Ges wPÎ-2 n‡jv †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej| wb‡P G‡`i Zyjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
11(N) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨|
13. `„k¨Kí:-1 `„k¨Kí:-2 `„k¨Kí:-3

M. DÏxc‡Ki `„k¨Kí:-2 Gi wPÎwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|

N. `„k¨Kí:-3 Gi Zzjbvq `„k¨Kí:-1 Gi ZviwU e¨envi K‡i AwaKZi `ªæZ MwZ‡Z Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e-we‡kølY
K‡iv|
13 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡Ki `„k¨Kí:-2 Gi wPÎwU n‡jv †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej| me‡P‡q eûj e¨eüZ Zvi n‡”Q †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej| †Kv-
Gw·qvj K¨ve‡ji PviwU Ask Av‡Q| h_v- Kcvi †Kvi ev †m›Uvi †Kvi, WvB-B‡jKwUªK Bbmy¨‡jUi, †gUvwjK wkì I cøvw÷K
R¨v‡KU| †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨ve‡ji †K›`ª eivei _v‡K GKwU k³, wPKb, mwjW Kcvi Zvi hv‡K Centre Core ejv nq| GB
†Kvi‡K wN‡i mv`v is Gi WvB-B‡jKwUªK Bbmy¨‡jUi ev Acwievnx c`v‡_©i †gvUv AveiY _v‡K| GB Avei‡Yi Dci Rvj
AvK…wZi KÛv±i Rov‡bv _v‡K hv †gUvwjK wkì bv‡g cwiwPZ| Avi GB KÛv±i‡K evB‡ii AvNvZ †_‡K iÿvi Rb¨ Gi
Dc‡i R¨v‡KU Øviv †X‡K ivLv nq|
13 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
`„k¨Kí:-3 Gi wPÎwU n‡jv UzB‡÷W †cqvi K¨vej Ges `„k¨Kí:-1 Gi wPÎwU n‡jv dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej|
`ywU cwievnx Zvgvi Zvi‡K mgvbfv‡e †cuwP‡q UzB‡÷W †cqvi K¨vej ˆZwi Kiv nq| Kg `~i‡Z¡ †WUv UªvÝdv‡ii †ÿ‡Î UzB‡÷W
†cqvi K¨vej e¨eüZ nq| G‡Z UªvÝwgkb jm Lye †ewk| d‡j `~iZ¡ e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ †WUv UªvÝdvi †iUI Kg‡Z _v‡K| GB
ai‡bi K¨vej e¨envi K‡i 100 wgUv‡ii †ewk `~i‡Z¡ †WUv cvVv‡bv hvq bv|
Ab¨w`‡K 12(M) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨ (2q evK¨ †_‡K)|
ZvB ejv hvq, UzB‡÷W †cqvi K¨ve‡ji Zyjbvq dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej `ªæZ MwZ‡Z Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡i|
14. iwng mv‡ne kn‡i _vKvi mg‡q evmvq j¨vcUc, †W¯‹Uc I ¯§vU©‡dv‡b Zviwenxb B›Uvi‡bU cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g ‡WUv ¯’vbvšÍi
K‡ib| wKš‘ MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z wZwb GKwU we‡kl ‡Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q wba©vwiZ gvwmK fvov cÖ`vb K‡i †Rvovq †Rvovq †gvPov‡bv
Zvi Øviv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ ms‡hvM K‡i †bUIqv‡K© mshy³ _v‡Kb|
M. DÏxc‡K iwng mv‡ne kn‡i †Kvb cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i‡Qb Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N. iwng mv‡ne B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii Rb¨ kni I MÖv‡g †h gva¨g e¨envi K‡ib Zv‡`i Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY K‡iv|
14 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡K iwng mv‡ne kn‡i _vKvi mg‡q evmvq j¨vcUc, †W¯‹Uc I ¯§vU©‡dv‡b Zviwenxb B›Uvi‡bU cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g ‡WUv
¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib| myZivs Zvi e¨eüZ cÖhyw³ n‡jv Wi-Fi| 2(M) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨|
14 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
iwng mv‡ne B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii Rb¨ kn‡i IqvBdvB A_©vr Zviwenxb ev Iq¨vi‡jm gva¨g Ges MÖv‡g UzB‡÷W †cqvi K¨vej
ev Zvi gva¨g e¨envi K‡ib| wb‡P Zvi gva¨g Ges Zviwenxb gva¨g Gi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY †`Iqv n‡jv-
Zvi gva¨g Zviwenxb gva¨g
1. Zvi gva¨g D”P MwZm¤úbœ| 1. Zviwenxb gva¨g Zvi gva¨‡gi Zzjbvq wb¤œ MwZm¤úbœ|
2. G gva¨g D”P e¨vÛDBW‡_i wd«Kz‡qwÝ cÖ`vb K‡i| 2. GwUi e¨vÛDBW_ Zvi gva¨‡gi Zzjbvq Kg|
3. G gva¨‡g LiP Kg| 3. G gva¨g AZ¨šÍ e¨qeûj|
4. Zvi gva¨‡gi UªvÝwgkb gva¨g n‡jv Kcvi Zvi, dvBevi 4. Zviwenxb gva¨‡gi UªvÝwgkb gva¨g n‡jv B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM-
AcwUK K¨vej Ges B_vi‡bU| †bwUK I‡qf, †iwWI I‡qf Ges Bbd«v‡iW|
5. A‡cÿvK…Z Kg BDRvi †d«Ûwj| 5. A‡cÿvK…Z ‡ewk BDRvi †d«Ûwj|
6. nve Ges myBP e¨envi K‡i †bUIqvK© Kvfv‡iR Gwiqv 6. ci¯úi mshy³ GKvwaK Iq¨vi‡jm †eR †÷kb Gi
G·‡Ubkb Kiv hvq| gva¨‡g †bUIqvK© Kvfv‡iR Gwiqv G·‡Ubkb Kiv hvq|
7. LAN, MAN n‡jv G gva¨‡gi D`vniY| 7. WLAN,WMAN,WPAN n‡jv G gva¨‡gi D`vniY|
8. ‡WUv UªvÝwgk‡b cÖvK…wZK †Kvb evuav †bB| 8. ‡WUv UªvÝwgk‡b cÖvK…wZK wewfbœ evuavi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq|
15. ZvmwKb mv‡ne Zvi Awd‡m GKwU we‡kl Kx-‡evW© e¨envi K‡ib †hwU IEEE 802.15 ÷¨vÛvW© e¨envi K‡i †gvevBj ev
U¨ve Gi mv‡_ mshy³ n‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨w`‡K mv¾v` DÏxb Zvi ¯§vU©‡dv‡b ivDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Zviwenxb B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi
K‡ib Ges Zvi †Q‡j j¨vcU‡ci mv‡_ K¨ve‡ji gva¨‡g B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi K‡i|
M. ZvmwKb mv‡n‡ei Kx-‡ev‡W© e¨eüZ cÖhyw³wU we‡kølY K‡iv|
N. mv¾v` DÏxb I Zvi †Q‡ji B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î †KŠkjMZ c×wZ we‡kølY K‡iv|
15 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
ZvmwKb mv‡n‡ei Kx-‡ev‡W© e¨eüZ cÖhyw³wU n‡jv eø-y Uz_| ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ eø-~ Uz_ cÖhyw³ e¨eüZ nq|
mvaviYZ 1 †_‡K 100 wgUvi `~i‡Z¡i g‡a¨ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ eø-~ Uz_ e¨envi Kiv nq| GwU PAN ( Personal Area
Network ) ‡bUIqv‡K©i AšÍM©Z Iq¨vi‡jm cÖ‡UvKj| Gi †WUv UªvÝdvi †iU 1Mbps ‡_‡K 26Mbps ch©šÍ Ges wd«Kz‡qwÝ
2.4 GHz| eø-~ Uz‡_i ÷¨vÛW© n‡jv IEEE 802.15| eZ©gv‡b j¨vcUc, †bvUeyK, U¨ve, ¯§vU©‡dvb BZ¨vw`i mv‡_ eøy-Uz_ weë-
Bb Kiv _v‡K| d‡j eø-~ Uz‡_i mvnv‡h¨ Gme wWfvBmmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| †Wbgv‡K©i ivRv †nivì eøy-Uz_
Gi bvgvbymv‡i GB wWfvBmwUi bvg Kiv n‡q‡Q eø-~ Uz_|
15 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡Ki mv¾v` DÏxb Zvi ¯§vU…‡dv‡b ivDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Zviwenxb B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi K‡ib Ges Zvi †Q‡j j¨vcU‡ci
mv‡_ K¨ve‡ji gva¨‡g B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi K‡i| A_©vr mv¾v` DÏxb Zviwenxb gva¨g Ges Zvi †Q‡j Zvi gva¨g e¨envi
K‡ib| B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î gva¨g `ywUi †KŠkjMZ c×wZ we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv-
14(N) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨|
16. ‘X’ wmwU †gqi GKwU †bUIqvK© †mev Pvjy K‡ib hv‡Z Zvi wmwU Gwiqv‡Z mevB Zviwenxb wd« B›Uvi‡bU myweav †c‡Z
cv‡i| GRb¨ wmwUevmx‡K GKwU AwZwi³ Zviwenxb wWfvBmI e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| wZwb Zvi Awd‡mi 10wU Kw¤úDUvi,
1wU ¯‹¨vbvi, 2wU wcÖ›Uv‡ii cvwi¯úwiK ms‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ K¨vej e¨envi K‡ib hv 1wRwewcGm-Gi †P‡q †ewk †WUv w¯úW
cÖ`vb K‡i|
M. DÏxc‡K †gqi cÖewZ©Z Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK©wUi aiY e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N. DÏxc‡Ki †bUIqv‡K© e¨eüZ cÖhyw³i mv‡_ Awd‡m e¨eüZ gva¨gwUi Zyjbvg~jK we‡kølY K‡iv|
16 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡K †gqi cÖewZ©Z Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK©wU n‡jv WMAN ( Wireless Metropoliton Area Network )| wbw`©ó
†Kv‡bv kn‡ii wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z wWfvBmmg~‡ni g‡a¨ ¯’vwcZ †bUIqvK©‡K MAN e‡j| †g‡UªvcwjUb Gwiqv †bUIqvK©
GKvwaK †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK©-Gi ( LAN ) mgš^‡q M‡o D‡V| G‡ÿ‡Î j¨vbmg~n _v‡K GKB kn‡i| Gi we¯Í…wZ 10 wK.wg.
†_‡K 30 wK.wg. ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i| †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqv‡K© mvaviYZ wkí cÖwZôvb ev K‡c©v‡iU e¨vs‡Ki wewfbœ kvLv Awd‡mi
g‡a¨ †bUIqvK© ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ GwU e¨eüZ nq| hLb GB †bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g Iq¨vi‡jm nq ZLb Zv‡K WMAN e‡j|
mvaviYZ Wi-Max e¨envi K‡i WMAN MwVZ nq| Wi-Max wm‡÷‡gi `ywU cÖavb Ask _v‡K|
• ‡em †÷kb ev UvIqvi: †hUv‡K †mj‡dvb UvIqv‡ii mv‡_ Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvwi| UvIqviwU g~jZ wekvj Gwiqv Ry‡o wmMb¨vj
Qzu‡o gv‡i Ges †gvUvgywU 8000 eM© wK.wg. ch©šÍ Kvfv‡iR cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| †em †÷kb¸‡jv GKwU IqvBg¨v· nv‡ei
mv‡_ hy³ †_‡K †bUIqvK© ˆZwi K‡i Ges B›Uvi‡bU mvwf©m †`q|
• IqvBg¨v· wiwmfvi: †hUv †dvb ev wcwm‡Z weë-Bb fv‡e _v‡K| Gi mv‡_ GKwU G‡›Ubv _v‡K Ges G‡K Kw¤úDUv‡ii
mv‡_ mshy³ K‡i w`‡Z nq| GwUi Kvfv‡iR Gwiqv 10-60 wK.wg. n‡q _v‡K|
16 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡Ki †bUIqv‡K© e¨eüZ cÖhyw³wUi gva¨g n‡jv Iq¨vi‡jm ev Zviwenxb Ges Awd‡m e¨eüZ gva¨gwU n‡jv dvBevi
AcwUK K¨vej ( 1wRwewcGm-Gi †P‡q †ewk †WUv w¯úW cÖ`vb K‡i ) hv Zvi gva¨g| wb‡P Zvi gva¨g Ges Zviwenxb gva¨g
Gi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY †`Iqv n‡jv-
14(N) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨|
17. ÔKÕ wkÿvcÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ Zjvi A‡bK¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi GKwU †bUIqv‡K©i AvIZvq Avbv n‡jv| cÖwZôvbwU 40 wK.wg.
`~‡i Aew¯’Z ÔLÕ cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ IEEE 802.16 ÷¨vÛvW© wewkó KwgDwb‡Kkb wWfvBm Øviv hy³|
M. DÏxc‡Ki ÔKÕ cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ‡bUIqvK© e¨envi K‡iwQj †mwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N. ÔKÕ cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ ÔLÕ cÖwZôv‡bi hy‡³i †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ KwgDwb‡Kkb wWfvBmwU e¨vL¨vc~e©K we‡kølY K‡iv|
17 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡Ki ÔKÕ cÖwZôv‡b e¨eüZ Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK©wU n‡jv †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (LAN)|
GKvwaK e¨w³i Kv‡Ri mgš^q mvab I MwZ e„w×i Rb¨ GKB fe‡b, cvkvcvwk fe‡b wKsev GKB K¨v¤úv‡mi ¯^í `~i‡Z¡
Aew¯’Z Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i ‡h †bUIqvK© ˆZwi Kiv nq ‡mwUB j¨vb †bUIqvK©| G‡Z A‡bK wWfvB‡m
A¨vK‡mm †`Iqv hvq Ges wiwcUvi e¨envi K‡i Gi we¯Í…wZ m‡e©v”P 1 wK.wg. ch©šÍ Kiv hvq| G ai‡Yi †bUIqv‡K© mvaviYZ
÷vi, evm, wUª I wis U‡cvjwR n‡q _v‡K| G wWfvB‡mi g~j D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K wWfvBm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Z_¨ I wi‡mvm© †kqvi Kiv|
DÏxc‡Ki ÔKÕ cÖwZôv‡bi †bUIqvK©wU †h‡nZz wewfbœ Zjvi A‡bK¸‡jv Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ ms‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g MwVZ, ZvB ejv
hvq D³ †bUIqvK©wU n‡”Q j¨vb|
 17 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cÖwZôvb `ywU IEEE 802.16 ÷¨vÛvW© wewkó KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g Z_v Wi-Max cÖhyw³ Øviv mshy³ nq|
1(M) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨|
Wi-Max-Gi myweav wb‡P we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv:
3(N) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨ ( Wi-Max-Gi cÖ_g 4 wU c‡q›U )
• dzj-Wz‡cøwms †gvW e¨envi Kiv nq|
• GKB mv‡_ gvwëdvskbvj myweav cÖ`vb K‡i|
• ‡bUIqvK© interference ev signal noise Kg|
18. AvKivg mv‡ne Zvi eûZjwewkó fe‡b gvwë K‡¤úv‡b›U KvuP w`‡q ˆZwi gva¨g w`‡q Kw¤úDUvimg~‡ni g‡a¨ †bUIqvK©
cÖwZôv K‡ib| 10 wK.wg. `~‡i Aew¯’Z Ab¨ GKwU fe‡bi mv‡_ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ wZwb IEEE 802.16 ÷¨vÛvW©
wewkó KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g e¨env‡ii wm×všÍ †bb|
M. eûZj fe‡b e¨eüZ gva¨gwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N. AvKivg mv‡n‡ei wm×v‡šÍi ‡hŠw³KZv we‡kølY K‡iv|
18 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
eûZj fe‡b e¨eüZ gva¨gwU n‡jv dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej|
8(N) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨|
18 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡Ki AvKivg mv‡ne Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ wZwb IEEE 802.16 ÷¨vÛvW© wewkó KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g e¨env‡ii
wm×všÍ †bb| myZivs D³ KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷gwU n‡jv Wi-Max|
17(N) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨|
19. BKevj mv‡ne Zvi Awd‡m cv‡k emv eÜzi mv‡_ webv Li‡P Z_¨ †kqvi KiwQ‡jb| Ggb mgq Awd‡mi 2q Zjvi GK
mnKgx© Zuvi Kv‡Q GKwU dvB‡ji Z_¨ †`L‡Z PvB‡j, wZwb wbP Zjvi iæ‡g e‡mB wbR¯^ †bUIqvK© e¨e¯’vq mnKg©xi
Kw¤úDUv‡i Zv cvwV‡q †`b| cieZ©x‡Z BKevj mv‡ne dvB‡ji Z_¨ we‡`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ †µZvi Kv‡Q ZvrÿwYKfv‡e
†cÖiY K‡ib|
M. BKevj mv‡n‡ei eÜzi mv‡_ Z_¨ †kqvwis-G e¨eüZ †bUIqvK©wU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N. dvB‡ji Z_¨ cvVv‡Z BKevj mv‡n‡ei †bUIqvK©Ø‡qi g‡a¨ ‡KvbwU DËg? we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI|
19 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
BKevj mv‡n‡ei eÜzi mv‡_ Z_¨ †kqvwis-Gi Rb¨ cv‡m©vbvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© ev PAN e¨envi K‡i‡Qb|
‡Kv‡bv e¨w³i ˆ`bw›`b e¨eüZ e¨w³MZ wewfbœ B‡jKUªwbK wWfvBm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i †h †bUIqvK© M‡o †Zvjv
nq, Zv‡K cv‡m©vbvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© ev PAN e‡j| PAN Gi wWfvBm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †W¯‹Uc, j¨vcUc, I‡qe K¨v‡giv, mvDÛ
wm‡÷g, ‡gvevBj, ¯‹¨vbvi, wcÖ›Uvi BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Gi cwiwa m‡e©v”P 10 wgUvi|
myZivs GKB wewìs‡q Ae¯’vbiZ Ae¯’vq BKevj mv‡ne I Zvi eÜzi ga¨vKvi Z_¨ †kqvwis-G e¨eüZ †bUIqvK©wU n‡jv
cv‡m©vbvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© ev PAN|
19 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
Z_¨ cvVv‡Z BKevj mv‡n‡ei †bUIqvK©Ø‡qi g‡a¨ cÖ_gwU n‡jv †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© ev LAN Ges wØZxqwU n‡jv IqvBW
Gwiqv †bUIqvK© ev WAN| G `ywU †bUIqv‡K©i g‡a¨ WAN A‡cÿvK…Z DËg|
GKvwaK e¨w³i Kv‡Ri mgš^q mvab I MwZ e„w×i Rb¨ GKB fe‡b, cvkvcvwk fe‡b wKsev GKB K¨v¤úv‡mi ¯^í `~i‡Z¡
Aew¯’Z Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i ‡h †bUIqvK© ˆZwi Kiv nq ‡mwUB j¨vb †bUIqvK©| G‡Z A‡bK wWfvB‡m
A¨vK‡mm †`Iqv hvq Ges wiwcUvi e¨envi K‡i Gi we¯Í…wZ m‡e©v”P 1 wK.wg. ch©šÍ Kiv hvq|
Aciw`‡K IqvBW Gwiqv †bUIqvK© ev WAN n‡jv GKwU †`‡ki wewfbœ AÂj ev c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z
Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ M‡o †Zvjv †bUIqvK©| c„w_exi me‡P‡q eo WAN Gi D`vniY n‡jv B›Uvi‡bU|
‡h‡nZz e¨emvwqK Kv‡R BKevj mv‡n‡ei we‡`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ †µZvi Kv‡Q Z_¨ cvVv‡Z n‡q‡Q, ZvB G‡ÿ‡Î †m WAN
e¨envi K‡i‡Q| ‡h KvRwU †m LAN e¨envi K‡i Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| ZvB ejv hvq, Z_¨ cvVv‡Z BKevj mv‡n‡ei e¨eüZ
†bUIqv‡K©i g‡a¨ wØZxqwU A_©vr WAN DËg|
20. ÔKÕ K‡j‡R gvbweK, e¨emvq wkÿv I weÁvb wefv‡Mi 3wU Avjv`v feb Av‡Q| cÖwZwU wefv‡M Zv‡`i Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨
wbR¯^ †bUIqvK© e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q| K‡j‡Ri Aa¨ÿ cÖwZwU wefvM‡K GKB †bUIqv‡K©i AvIZvq Avbvi wm×všÍ wb‡jb| wKš‘
wefvM¸‡jvi `~iZ¡ †ewk nIqvq gva¨g wn‡m‡e K¨vej e¨envi m¤¢e n‡”Q bv|
M. DÏxc‡Ki gvbweK wefv‡Mi †bUIqv‡K©i aiY m¤ú‡K© eY©bv `vI|
N. DÏxc‡Ki cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †Kvb gva¨gwU wbe©vPb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i e‡j †Zvgvi g‡b nq Zv we‡kølY K‡iv|
20 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡Ki gvbweK wefv‡Mi †bUIqv‡K©i aiY n‡jv †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© ( LAN )|
17(M) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨|
20 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡Ki cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Zvi gva¨‡gi †P‡q Iq¨vi‡jm Z_v Zviwenxb gva¨g e¨envi hyw³hy³| †Kv‡bv cÖKvi Zvi e¨envi bv
K‡i Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb KivB n‡”Q Iq¨vi‡jm wm‡÷g| DÏxc‡Ki gvbweK, e¨emvq wkÿv I weÁvb wefv‡Mi febMy‡jvi
g‡a¨ †fŠ‡MvwjK `~iZ¡ †ewk| †fŠ‡MvwjK `~iZ¡ †ewk nIqvq K¨vewjs Kiv `yiƒn I e¨qen~j| Ab¨w`‡K Iq¨vi‡jm wm‡÷‡gi
gva¨‡g Lye `ªæZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v, Pjgvb e¨w³i g‡a¨ mn‡R †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv, †h †Kv‡bv mvB‡U Z_¨ Avc‡jvW ev
WvDb‡jvW Kiv, mivmwi wfwWI m¤úªPvi Kiv BZ¨vw`‡Z †Kvb mgm¨v †bB|
Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbv Abymv‡i, DÏxc‡Ki cwiw¯’wZi Av‡jv‡K Avgvi mycvwik n‡jv, wewfbœ feb¸‡jv‡K GKB †bUIqv‡K© Avbvi
m‡e©vrK…ó gva¨g n‡jv Iq¨vi‡jm gva¨g|
21. ÔKÕ K‡jR XvKv kn‡ii GKwU ¯^bvgab¨ wkÿv cÖwZôvb| †`‡ki wewfbœ †Rjvq Zv‡`i Av‡iv cuvPwU kvLv Av‡Q| Aa¨ÿ
mv‡ne g~j cÖwZôv‡b e‡mB me¸‡jv kvLv myôyfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ GKwU †bUIqvK© e¨e¯’v M‡o Zy‡j‡Qb| cieZ©x‡Z
wkÿK Ges wkÿv_©x‡`i Aby‡iv‡a B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi K‡i ¯^í Li‡P DbœZ †mev Ges hZUzKz e¨envi ZZUzKz wej cÖ`vb
Ggb GKwU cwi‡levi K_v fvewQ‡jb|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wkÿv cÖwZôvb I Zvi kvLv¸‡jv‡K cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi †bUIqvK© ¯’vcb K‡iwQj? Zi eY©bv
`vI|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Aa¨ÿ mv‡ne †h bZzb cwi‡levi K_v fvewQ‡jb Zv ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e wKbv? we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI|
21 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wkÿv cÖwZôvb I Zvi kvLv¸‡jv‡K cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ IqvBW Gwiqv †bUIqvK© ev (Wide Area Network-
WAN) Iqvb †bUIqvK© ¯’vcb K‡iwQj| we¯Í…Z †fŠ‡MvwjK GjvKvq Aew¯’Z GKvwaK j¨vb ev g¨vb‡K wb‡q †h †bUIqvK© ¯’vcb
Kiv nq Zv‡K ejv nq IqvBW Gwiqv †bUIqvK©| GwU GKvwaK kni ev †`k ev cy‡iv c„w_exe¨vcx we¯Í…Z Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvwK©s
e¨e¯’v| A_©vr c„„w_exe¨vcx we¯Í…Z B›Uvi‡bUB n‡jv WAN| †WUv UªvÝwgkb w¯úW mvaviYZ 1200bps ‡_‡K 24mbps ch©šÍ|
we¯Í…Z GjvKv wb‡q M‡o I‡V e‡j wewfbœ j¨vb I g¨vb‡K mshy³ Kivi Rb¨ we‡kl wWfvBm I †UK‡bvjwR ‡Uwj‡dvb jvBb,
g‡Wg, †eZvi Zi½, m¨v‡UjvBU, gvB‡µvI‡qf, dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej BZ¨vw` gva¨g e¨envi Kiv nq|
21 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Aa¨ÿ mv‡ne †h bZzb cwi‡levi K_v fvewQ‡jb Zv n‡jv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs| B›Uvi‡b‡U ev I‡q‡e mshy³
n‡q wKQz †Møvevj myweav †fvM Kivi c×wZB n‡jv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs| GwU GKwU we‡kl cwi‡lev| GLv‡b ÔK¬vDWÕ ej‡Z `~ieZ©x
†Kv‡bv kw³kvjx mvf©vi Kw¤úDUvi‡K †evSv‡bv nq| we‡k^i †h‡Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ †_‡K B›Uvi‡bU mshy³ Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva¨‡g ÔK¬vDWÕ
cÖ`Ë †mevmg~n †fvM Kiv hvq| ¯^í K_vq, K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs gv‡b B›Uvi‡bU wfwËK mvwf©m, mdUIq¨vi ev nvW©Iq¨vi fvov
†bIqv| eZ©gv‡b hviv Kw¤úDUvi ev †gvevBj †dv‡b B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi K‡i Zv‡`i cÖvq meviB †dBmeyK, B-‡gBj ev Ab¨vb¨
mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gi GKvD›U e¨envi K‡ib| Gme †mev MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvb UvKv LiP Ki‡Z nq bv| Avevi wKQz
msL¨K mvwf©m i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv A‡_©i wewbg‡q B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g wewfbœ †mev `vb K‡i _v‡Kb| †hgb: †Wv‡gBb †bg †iwRm‡Uª-
kb, I‡qe †nvw÷s BZ¨vw`| webvg~‡j¨i Ges A‡_©i wewbg‡q Dfq cÖKvi mvwf©m KøvDW Kw¤úDwUs‡qi AšÍM©Z| myZivs wba©vwiZ
wd ev A‡_©i wewbg‡q D³ cÖwZôv‡b K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢e|
22.

Fig-1 Fig-2 Fig-3

M. DÏxc‡Ki Fig-1 Gi cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUvi ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ n‡j †h U‡cvjwR ˆZwi n‡e Zv wPÎmn Av‡jvPbv K‡iv|
N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ Fig-2 I Fig-3 Gi U‡cvjwR¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwU †ewk myweavRbK n‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv Zv
we‡kølY K‡iv|
22 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡Ki Fig-1 Gi cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUvi ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ Ki‡j †gk U‡cvjwR ˆZwi n‡e|
‡h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK©f‚³ Ab¨ cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mivmwi hy³ _v‡K Zv‡K †gk U‡cvjwR e‡j|
G‡Z †bUIqvK©f‚³ Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ mivmwi I A‡cÿvK…Z `ªyZ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB U‡cvjwRi
†bUIqv‡K© †Kv‡bv †K›`ªxq mvf©vi ev wWfvB‡mi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| GwU m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c AvšÍtmshy³ U‡cvjwR bv‡gI cwiwPZ| †gk
U‡cvjwRi wPÎ wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv-
cÖPzi cwigvY Zv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb Ges †ewk Kw¤úDUvi e¨eüZ nIqvq GB U‡cvjwR AZ¨šÍ e¨qeûj| Gi RwUj KbwdMv‡ik‡bi
Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K© mvaviYZ GwU e¨envi Kiv nq bv|
22 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
Fig-2 n‡jv ÷vi U‡cvjwR| †h †bUIqv‡K©i cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kw¤úDUvi GKwU †K›`ªxq wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g mshy³ n‡q †bUIqvK©
KvVv‡gv ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡K ÷vi U‡cvjwR e‡j| Ab¨w`‡K Fig-3 n‡jv evm U‡cvjwR| †h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU ms‡hvM jvB‡bi
mv‡_ mKj wWfvBmmg~n hy³ _v‡K Zv‡K evm U‡cvjwR e‡j| GB `ywU U‡cvjwRi g‡a¨ ÷vi U‡cvjwR myweavRbK| Gi KviY-
mg~n wb‡P Zy‡j aiv n‡jv-
• evm U‡cvjwR‡Z hLb GKwU Kw¤úDUvi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ †g‡mR cvVvq ZLb †mB †g‡mR wmMb¨vj
K¨ve‡ji gva¨‡g cwievwnZ n‡q me KqwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii wbKU †cuŠ‡Q| †h Kw¤úDUv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ †mwU cvVv‡bv nq †Kej
†mB Kw¤úDUviB D³ †g‡mR MÖnY K‡i Avi Ab¨iv †mB c¨v‡KUwU evwZj K‡i †`q| Ab¨w`‡K ÷vi U‡cvjwR‡Z †Kv‡bv
Kw¤úDUvi †WUv UªvÝdvi Ki‡Z PvB‡j D³ Kw¤úDUviwU Zv cÖ_‡g nve ev myB‡P cvwV‡q †`q| Gici nve ev myBP †mB
wmMb¨vj‡K jÿ¨¯’‡j cvwV‡q †`q|
• evm U‡cvjwR‡Z cÖwZwU e¨v‡ij B‡jKwUªK¨vj wmMb¨vj‡K `ye©j K‡i †`q| ZvB †ewk msL¨K e¨v‡ij Kv‡b±i e¨envi
K‡i evm‡K m¤úªmviY Kiv n‡j Zv‡Z †bUIqvK© cvidig¨vÝ Lvivc nq| Ab¨w`‡K ÷vi U‡cvjwR‡Z myBP e¨eüZ nq
e‡j Giƒc †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †bB|
• evm †bUIqvK© Uªvejï¨U Kiv KóKi| hw` ev‡mi ‡Kv‡bvLv‡b K¨vej †eªK K‡i Zvn‡j †mwU mn‡R †ei Kiv hvq bv| evm
bó n‡q hvIqvi d‡j cy‡iv †bUIqvK© A‡K‡Rv n‡q hvq| ZLb GKwU Kw¤úDUvi Av‡iKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ ‡hvMv‡hvM
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GB K¨vej †eªK †ei Kivi Rb¨ ev‡mi GKcÖvšÍ †_‡K Av‡iKcÖvšÍ ch©šÍ †U÷ Ki‡Z nq K¨vej †U÷vi ev
Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wWfvBm w`‡q| Ab¨w`‡K ÷vi †bUIqvK© Uªvejï¨U Kiv mnR|
23.

wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2

M. wPÎ-2 Gi Af¨šÍixY ms‡hvM wew”Qbœ Ki‡j bZzb U‡cvjwR e¨vL¨v K‡iv|

N. DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-1 I wPÎ-2 G DwjøwLZ U‡cvjwRi g‡a¨ myweavRbK †KvbwU Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY K‡iv|
23 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
wPÎ-2 Gi Af¨šÍixY ms‡hvM wew”Qbœ Ki‡j bZzb U‡cvjwR n‡e wis U‡cvjwR|
‡h U‡cvjwR‡Z me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi‡K Zv‡ii gva¨‡g GKwU wis ev jy‡ci g‡Zv m„wó Kiv hvq Zv‡K wis U‡cvjwR e‡j| wis
U‡cvjwR‡K Avevi GKwUf U‡cvjwR e‡j| G U‡cvjwR †`L‡Z e„ËvKvi ev PµvKv‡i Ave× _v‡K| G msMV‡bi †Kv‡bv
Kw¤úDUvi †WUv cvVv‡j Zv e„ËvKvi c‡_ Nyi‡Z _v‡K hZÿY bv wbw`©ó Kw¤úDUvi †WUv MÖnY K‡i| †K›`ªxq wWfvBm bv _vKvi
 wPÎt wis U‡cvjwR

Kvi‡Y †WUv †cÖiY I MÖn‡Y †ewk mgq jv‡M| †Kbbv, G‡Z cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii ¸iæZ¡ mgvb| ZvB †cÖwiZ †WUv/wmMb¨vj‡K
cÖ‡Z¨K Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡Z nq| A_©vr G U‡cvjwR‡Z †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUv‡ii wbKU
†g‡mR cvVv‡Z PvB‡j ‡mwU Gi wbKUeZ©x Kw¤úDUv‡ii wbKU hv‡e|
23 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-1 n‡jv nvBweªW U‡cvjwR| `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK U‡cvjwRi mgš^‡q †h U‡cvjwR ˆZwi nq Zv‡K nvBweªW U‡cvjwR
e‡j| Ab¨w`‡K wPÎ-2 n‡jv ‡gk U‡cvjwR| ‡h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK©f‚³ Ab¨ cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_
mivmwi hy³ _v‡K Zv‡K †gk U‡cvjwR e‡j| GB `ywU U‡cvjwRi g‡a¨ ‡gk U‡cvjwR myweavRbK| wb‡P D³ U‡cvjwR؇qi
Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv:
• ‡gk U‡cvjwR‡Z ‡Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi ev ms‡hvM jvBb bó n‡q †M‡j †Zgb †Kv‡bv Amyweav nq bv| A_©vr mn‡R †bUIqv‡K©
Lye eo ai‡Yi mgm¨v m„wó nq bv| wKš‘ nvBweªW U‡cvjwR‡Z †Kv‡bv GK Ask bó n‡q †M‡j m¤ú~Y© †bUIqvK© bó bv n‡q
Askwe‡kl bó nq|
• nvBweªW †bUIqv‡K©i myweav I Amyweav wbf©i Ki‡Q H †bUIqv‡K© e¨eüZ U‡cvjwR¸‡jvi Dci| DÏxc‡K wPÎ-1 ÷vi,wis
I evm U‡cvjwR wb‡q MwVZ| ÷vi U‡cvjwRi †K›`ªxq wWfvBm (nve ev myBP) bó n‡q †M‡j m¤ú~Y© †bUIqvK© bó n‡e|
Avevi wis U‡cvjwRi GKwUgvÎ Kw¤úDUvi bó n‡j cy‡iv †bUIqvK© wm‡÷g APj n‡q hvq| Avevi evm U‡cvjwRi
e¨vK‡evb bó n‡jI m¤ú~Y© †bUIqvK© bó n‡e| ZvB G‡Z †WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡b wbðqZv †gk U‡cvjwRi †P‡q A‡cÿvK…Z
Kg _v‡K| wKš‘ †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z Giƒc †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †bB| ZvB G‡Z †WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡b A‡bK †ewk wbðqZv _v‡K|
24.

Fig-1 Fig-2 Fig-3

M. Fig-3 G wb‡`©wkZ †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwRwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|

N. Fig-1 I Fig-2 Gi U‡cvjwR؇qi g‡a¨ †KvbwU †ewk myweavRbK n‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv Zv we‡kølY K‡iv|
24 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
Fig-3 G wb‡`©wkZ †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwRwU n‡jv evm U‡cvjwR|
†h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU ms‡hvM jvB‡bi mv‡_ mKj wWfvBmmg~n hy³ _v‡K Zv‡K evm U‡cvjwR e‡j| Avi GB ms‡hvM jvBb‡K
evm ejv nq ev e¨vK‡evb wn‡m‡eI cwiwPZ| evm U‡cvjwR‡Z hLb GKwU Kw¤úDUvi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨
†g‡mR cvVvq ZLb †mB †g‡mR wmMb¨vj K¨ve‡ji gva¨‡g cwievwnZ n‡q me KqwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii wbKU †cuŠ‡Q| †h
Kw¤úDUv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ †mwU cvVv‡bv nq †Kej †mB Kw¤úDUviB D³ †g‡mR MÖnY K‡i Avi Ab¨iv †mB c¨v‡KUwU evwZj K‡i
†`q| evm U‡cvjwR‡Z GKmv‡_ †Kej GKwU Kw¤úDUvi †g‡mR cvVv‡Z cv‡i| †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi hLb †g‡mR cvVv‡”Q ZLb
Ab¨‡`i A‡cÿv Ki‡Z nq Zvi cvVv‡bv †kl bv nIqv ch©šÍ| Zvi †g‡mR cvVv‡bv †kl n‡j Ab¨ Kw¤úDUvi †g‡mR cvVv‡Z
cv‡i| Ab¨vb¨ U‡cvjwRi Zzjbvq evm U‡cvjwR Kg e¨qeûj|
24 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
Fig-1 n‡jv wis U‡cvjwR| ‡h U‡cvjwR‡Z me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi‡K Zv‡ii gva¨‡g GKwU wis ev jy‡ci g‡Zv m„wó Kiv hvq Zv‡K
wis U‡cvjwR e‡j| Ab¨w`‡K Fig-2 n‡jv ÷vi U‡cvjwR| †h †bUIqv‡K©i cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kw¤úDUvi GKwU †K›`ªxq wWfvB‡mi
gva¨‡g mshy³ n‡q †bUIqvK© KvVv‡gv ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡K ÷vi U‡cvjwR e‡j| D³ U‡cvjwR؇qi g‡a¨ ÷vi U‡cvjwR
myweavRbK| wb‡P Gi KviYmg~n Zz‡j aiv n‡jv-
• ÷vi U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU Kw¤úDUvi A‡K‡Rv n‡j cy‡iv †bUIqvK© A‡K‡Rv n‡q hvq bv| wKš‘ wis U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU
Kw¤úDUvi A‡K‡Rv n‡j cy‡iv †bUIqvK© A‡K‡Rv n‡q hvq|
• ÷vi †bUIqv‡K© †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi †hvM Ki‡j ev mwi‡q wb‡j Zv cy‡iv †bUIqv‡K©i Kvh©µg e¨vnZ K‡i bv| wKš‘ wis
†bUIqv‡K© †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi †hvM Ki‡j ev mwi‡q wb‡j Zv cy‡iv †bUIqv‡K©i Kvh©µg e¨vnZ K‡i|
• ÷vi †bUIqv‡K© †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j mn‡RB mgvavb Kiv hvq| wKš‘ wis †bUIqv‡K© †Kv‡bv mgm¨v n‡j ÎæwU Lyu‡R
†ei Kiv KwVb n‡q `vouvq|
• ÷vi U‡cvjwR‡Z myBP e¨eüZ nq e‡j †bUIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUvi msL¨v e„w× Ki‡jI †bUIqvK© cvidig¨v‡Ý †Kv‡bv weiƒc
cÖfve c‡o bv| wKš‘ wis †bUIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUv‡ii msL¨v evov‡j †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi mgqI †e‡o hvq| d‡j †bUIqvK©
cvidig¨vÝ Lvivc nq|
25.

wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2 wPÎ-3

M. wPÎ-1 G wb‡`©wkZ †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwRwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|

N. wPÎ-2 I wPÎ-3 Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb U‡cvjwRwU AwaK myweavRbK? Av‡jvPbv K‡iv|
25 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡K wPÎ-1 G evm, ÷vi I wis U‡cvjwRi mgš^‡q GKwU †bUIqvK© MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi evm, ÷vi, wis BZ¨vw`
U‡cvjwRi mgš^‡q MwVZ †bUIqvK©‡K nvBweªW U‡cvjwR e‡j| hLb GKwUgvÎ U‡cvjwRi mvnv‡h¨ †bUIqvK© mgm¨vi mgvavb
Kiv hvq bv, †mLv‡b nvBweªW U‡cvjwR e¨envi K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq mgm¨v mgvavb Kiv nq| D`vniY¯^iƒc B›Uvi‡bU‡K G ai‡bi
U‡cvjwR wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv hvq| †Kbbv B›Uvi‡bU n‡jv e„nr cwim‡ii GKwU †bUIqvK© †hLv‡b me ai‡bi U‡cvjwRi
wgkÖY †`Lv hvq| A‡bK ai‡bi U‡cvjwR _vKvi d‡j nvBweªW U‡cvjwR‡Z Z_¨ †cÖiY A‡bK `ªæZ Kiv hvq| GB ai‡bi
U‡cvjwR‡Z cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †bUIqvK© e„w× Kivi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b †Kv‡bv GKwU Kw¤úDUvi ev †bUIqvK© bó n‡q †M‡j
m¤ú~Y© †bUIqvK© bó bv n‡q Askwe‡kl bó n‡q hvq| G U‡cvjwR‡Z †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j Zv mn‡RB wbY©q Kiv hvq|
25 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
wPÎ-2 n‡jv †gk U‡cvjwR| ‡h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK©f‚³ Ab¨ cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mivmwi hy³ _v‡K
Zv‡K †gk U‡cvjwR e‡j| Ab¨w`‡K wPÎ-3 n‡jv ÷vi U‡cvjwR| †h †bUIqv‡K©i cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kw¤úDUvi GKwU †K›`ªxq
wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g mshy³ n‡q †bUIqvK© KvVv‡gv ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡K ÷vi U‡cvjwR e‡j| D³ U‡cvjwR؇qi g‡a¨ †gk U‡cvjwR
AwaK myweavRbK| wb‡P Gi KviY Zy‡j aiv n‡jv-
‡gk U‡cvjwRi †bUIqv‡K©i cÖ‡Z¨K †bvW Ab¨ me †bv‡Wi m‡½ mivmwi hy³ _v‡K| G‡Z cÖwZwU IqvK©‡÷k‡bi g‡a¨ Avjv`v-
Avjv`v wjsK _v‡K| †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi ev ms‡hvM jvBb bó n‡q †M‡j †Zgb †Kv‡bv Amyweav nq bv| `yBwU
†bv‡Wi g‡a¨ AZ¨šÍ `ªæZ MwZ‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| Ab¨w`‡K, ÷vi U‡cvjwR‡Z cÖ‡Z¨KwU †bvW GKwU †K›`ªxq
wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g mshy³ n‡q _v‡K| †Kv‡bv †bvW ev Kw¤úDUvi n‡Z †WUv UªvÝdvi Ki‡Z n‡j Zv cÖ_‡g †K›`ªxq wWfvBm
nve ev myB‡P †cŠuQvq| wKš‘ GB †K›`ªxq wWfvBm hw` A‡K‡Rv n‡q c‡o Zvn‡j cy‡iv †bUIqvK©B weKj n‡q hv‡e|
myZivs Dc‡i DwjøwLZ Av‡jvPbv n‡Z ejv hvq †h, ÷vi U‡cvjwRi †P‡q †gk U‡cvjwR AwaK myweavRbK|
26.

wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2 wPÎ-3

M. wPÎ-1 G wb‡`©wkZ †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwRwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|

N. wPÎ-2 I wPÎ-3 Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb U‡cvjwRwU AwaK myweavRbK? Av‡jvPbv K‡iv|
26 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
wPÎ-1 G wb‡`©wkZ †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwRwU n‡jv ÷vi U‡cvjwR| †h †bUIqv‡K©i cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kw¤úDUvi GKwU †K›`ªxq
wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g mshy³ n‡q †bUIqvK© KvVv‡gv ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡K ÷vi U‡cvjwR e‡j| ÷vi U‡cvjwR‡Z cÖ‡Z¨KwU †bvW
GKwU †K›`ªxq wWfvBm nve ev myB‡Pi gva¨‡g mshy³ n‡q _v‡K| nv‡ei gva¨‡g Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM
¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i| nve Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv gv‡S †WUv PjvPj wbqš¿b K‡i| †Kv‡bv †bvW ev Kw¤úDUvi n‡Z †WUv UªvÝdvi
Ki‡Z n‡j Zv cÖ_‡g †K›`ªxq wWfvBm nve ev myB‡P †cŠuQvq| Gici nve †WUv MÖnYKvix Kw¤úDUv‡i †WUv cvwV‡q †`q|
nv‡ei ÿgZv hZ †ewk n‡e †bUIqv‡K© ZZ †ewk Kw¤úDUvi ms‡hvM †`qv hv‡e| G msMV‡b †Kv‡bv GKwU Kw¤úDUvi bó
n‡q †M‡j evwK †bUIqv‡K© Zvi ‡Kv‡bv cÖfve c‡o bv| d‡j Lye mn‡RB mgm¨vq AvµvšÍ Kw¤úDUviwU mwi‡q †bqv hvq|
26 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
wPÎ-2 n‡jv †gk U‡cvjwR| ‡h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK©f‚³ Ab¨ cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mivmwi hy³ _v‡K
Zv‡K †gk U‡cvjwR e‡j| Ab¨w`‡K wPÎ-3 n‡jv wis U‡cvjwR| ‡h U‡cvjwR‡Z me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi‡K Zv‡ii gva¨‡g GKwU
wis ev jy‡ci g‡Zv m„wó Kiv hvq Zv‡K wis U‡cvjwR e‡j| D³ U‡cvjwR؇qi g‡a¨ †gk U‡cvjwR AwaK myweavRbK| wb‡P
Gi KviYmg~n Zz‡j aiv n‡jv-
• †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi ev ms‡hvM jvBb bó n‡q †M‡j †Zgb †Kv‡bv Amyweav nq bv| A_©vr †bUIqv‡K© Lye
eo ai‡bi mgm¨v m„wó nq bv| wKš‘ wis U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU Kw¤úDUvi A‡K‡Rv n‡j cy‡iv †bUIqvK© A‡K‡Rv n‡q hvq|
• ‡gk U‡cvjwR‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU †bv‡Wi g‡a¨ AZ¨šÍ `ªæZ MwZ‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| wKš‘ wis U‡cvjwR‡Z
†h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU †bv‡Wi g‡a¨ AZ¨šÍ `ªæZ MwZ‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq bv|
• ‡gk U‡cvjwR‡Z †bUIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUv‡ii msL¨v e„w× †c‡jI †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi MwZ K‡g bv| wKš‘ wis U‡cvjwR‡Z
†bUIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUv‡ii msL¨v e„w× †c‡j †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi mgqI †e‡o hvq|
• ‡gk U‡cvjwR‡Z †bUIqv‡K©i mgm¨v Lye mn‡R mgvavb Kiv hvq| wKš‘ wis U‡cvjwR‡Z †bUIqv‡K©i mgm¨v wbiƒcY †ek
RwUj|
27.

wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2

M. wPÎ-1 G wb‡`©wkZ †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwRwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|

N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wPÎ-1 I wPÎ-2 b¤^i U‡cvjwR¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwU †ewk myweavRbK n‡e- Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI|
27 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
wPÎ-1 G wb‡`©wkZ †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwRwU n‡jv wUª U‡cvjwR| †h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU †K›`ªxq wWfvBm (nve ev myBP) ev mvf©vi
Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ Ab¨ Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv ¯Í‡i ¯Í‡i mshy³ _v‡K Zv‡K wUª U‡cvjwR e‡j| wUª U‡cvjwR nvqviviwKK¨vj U‡cvjwR
bv‡gI cwiwPZ| GwU ÷vi U‡cvjwRi ‰ewk󨸇jv‡K GKwÎZ K‡i| GwU eZ©gv‡b me©vwaK e¨eüZ U‡cvjwR¸‡jvi g‡a¨
GKwU| G‡ÿ‡Î GKvwaK nve ev myBP e¨envi K‡i mKj Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv GKwU we‡kl ¯’v‡b mshy³ Kiv nq hv‡K iæU †bvW
ejv nq| iæU †bvW wn‡m‡e A‡bK mgq mvf©viI _vK‡Z cv‡i| wUª msMV‡b GK ev GKvwaK ¯Í‡ii Kw¤úDUvi †nv÷ Kw¤úDUv‡ii
mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K| wØZxq ¯Í‡ii Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ Avevi Z…Zxq ¯Í‡ii Kw¤úDUvi hy³ _v‡K| wØZxq ¯Í‡ii Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv
Z…Zxq ¯Í‡ii Kw¤úDUv‡ii †nv÷ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
27 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
wPÎ-1 n‡jv wUª U‡cvjwR| †h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU †K›`ªxq wWfvBm (nve ev myBP) ev mvf©vi Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ Ab¨
Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv ¯Í‡i ¯Í‡i mshy³ _v‡K Zv‡K wUª U‡cvjwR e‡j| Ab¨w`‡K wPÎ-2 n‡jv †gk U‡cvjwR| ‡h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU
Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK©f‚³ Ab¨ cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mivmwi hy³ _v‡K Zv‡K †gk U‡cvjwR e‡j| D³ U‡cvjwR؇qi
g‡a¨ wUª U‡cvjwR AwaK myweavRbK| wb‡P Gi KviYmg~n Zz‡j aiv n‡jv-
• wUª U‡cvjwR‡Z bZzb kvLv-cÖkvLv m„wói gva¨‡g †bUIqvK© m¤úªmviY †ek myweavRbK| wKš‘ †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z bZzb
†bUIqvK© Bb÷‡jkb I KbwdMv‡ikb †ek RwUj|
• wUª U‡cvjwR‡Z bZzb †Kv‡bv †bvW ms‡hvM Kiv ev ev` †`Iqv mnR| wKš‘ †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z AwZwi³ †bvW ¯’vcb Ki‡Z
LiP AviI †e‡o hvq|
• ‡gk U‡cvjwR g¨v‡bR Kiv KwVb| G‡Z A‡bK ms‡hvM ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| †bUIqv‡K© †bvW e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ ms‡hvM
msL¨vI e„w× cvq| d‡j †bUIqvK© A‡bK RwUj n‡q c‡o| Z‡e wUª U‡cvjwR g¨v‡bR Kiv Zzjbvg~jK mnR|
Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbv Abymv‡i ejv hvq †h, wUª U‡cvjwRi mnR e¨envi I †bUIqvK© ms‡KvPb ev m¤úªmvi‡Yi myweavi Rb¨ GwU
†gk U‡cvjwRi †P‡q A‡cÿvK…Z †ewk myweavRbK n‡e|
28.

wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2 wPÎ-3

M. wPÎ-2 Gi †K›`ªxq wWfvBmwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|

N. wPÎ-1,2 I 3 e¨envi K‡i bZzb U‡cvjwR ˆZwi m¤¢e wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI|
28 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
wPÎ-2 Gi †K›`ªxq wWfvBmwU n‡jv nve ev myBP| GwU mvaviYZ Kv‡bw±s c‡q›U ev wiwcUvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| nv‡e
A‡bK¸‡jv †cvU© _v‡K| GKwU †cv‡U©i gva¨‡g GKwU Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K©i mv‡_ mshy³ nq| nv‡ei AšÍf©y³ †h‡Kv‡bv
Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K †Kv‡bv †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡j Zv me †cv‡U©i Kv‡Q †cŠuQvq| d‡j †bUIqvK©fz³ mKj Kw¤úDUvi D³ †WUv MÖnY
Ki‡Z cv‡i| nv‡ei `vg Kg| †h wmMb¨vjB nv‡ei Kv‡Q AvmyK bv †Kb Zv †Kv‡bviƒc cwieZ©b QvovB †bUIqvK©fz³ cÖwZwU
wWfvB‡m eªWKv÷ K‡i †`q| nve eyw×gvb bv n‡jI myBP eyw×gvb| myBP eyw×gvb weavq eZ©gv‡b †ewkifvM e¨enviKvix nv‡ei
cwie‡Z© myBP‡K †bUIqvK© Kv‡bw±s wWfvBm wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i| myB‡Pi †ÿ‡Î †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b evavi m¤¢vebv Kg
_v‡K| myB‡Pi gva¨‡g †WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡b mgq Kg jv‡M| myBP GKvwaK cÖ‡UvK‡ji †bUIqvK©‡KI mshy³ Ki‡Z mÿg|
28 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡K wPÎ-1, wPÎ-2 I wPÎ-3 n‡jv h_vµ‡g wis U‡cvjwR, ÷vi U‡cvjwR I evm U‡cvjwR| GB wZbwU U‡cvjwR wg‡j
bZzb GKwU U‡cvjwR ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e hv nvBweªW ev msKi U‡cvjwR bv‡gI cwiwPZ|
25(M) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨(3q jvBb †_‡K...)|
29.

wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2 wPÎ-3

M. wPÎ-1 I wPÎ-2 mshy³ Ki‡j †Kvb ai‡bi U‡cvjwR MwVZ n‡e? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N. ¯^í e¨‡q j¨ve‡iUwi‡Z e¨env‡ii Rb¨ DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb U‡cvjwRwU AwaKZi Dc‡hvMx? Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY c~e©K gZvgZ
`vI|
29 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡K wPÎ-1 I wPÎ-2 mshy³ Ki‡j nvBweªW U‡cvjwR MwVZ n‡e| wPÎ-1 n‡jv ÷vi U‡cvjwR Ges wPÎ-2 n‡jv evm
U‡cvjwR| wewfbœ U‡cvjwR †hgb- evm, ÷vi, wis BZ¨vw`i mgš^‡q †h U‡cvjwR MwVZ nq Zv‡K nvBweªW U‡cvjwR e‡j|
25(M) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨(3q jvBb †_‡K...)|
 29 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡K †h wZbwU U‡cvjwR e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv- ÷vi, evm I wUª U‡cvjwR| ¯^í e¨‡q j¨ve‡iUwi‡Z e¨env‡ii Rb¨
evm U‡cvjwR AwaKZi Dc‡hvMx| wb‡P Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv-
DÏxc‡K wPÎ-1 n‡”Q ÷vi U‡cvjwR| †h †bUIqv‡K©i cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kw¤úDUvi GKwU †K›`ªxq wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g mshy³ n‡q
†bUIqvK© KvVv‡gv ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡K ÷vi U‡cvjwR e‡j| GB U‡cvjwR‡Z †K›`ªxq wWfvBm (nve ev myBP) hw` A‡K‡Rv n‡q
c‡o Zvn‡j cy‡iv †bUIqvK©B weKj n‡q hv‡e| KviY cy‡iv †bUIqvK© nv‡ei gva¨‡gB ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ hy³ _v‡K| GB
U‡cvjwR‡Z cÖPzi cwigv‡Y K¨vej e¨eüZ nq weavq LiPI †ewk nq|
DÏxc‡K wPÎ-3 n‡”Q wUª U‡cvjwR| †h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU †K›`ªxq wWfvBm (nve ev myBP) ev mvf©vi Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ Ab¨
Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv ¯Í‡i ¯Í‡i mshy³ _v‡K Zv‡K wUª U‡cvjwR e‡j| g~jZ ÷vi U‡cvjwRi m¤úªmvwiZ iƒcB n‡jv wUª U‡cvjwR|
myZivs GLv‡bI LiP †ewk|
DÏxc‡K wPÎ-2 n‡jv evm U‡cvjwR| †h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU ms‡hvM jvB‡bi mv‡_ mKj wWfvBmmg~n hy³ _v‡K Zv‡K evm
U‡cvjwR e‡j| G‡ÿ‡Î ms‡hvM jvB‡bi LiP Kg A_©vr Kg Zvi jv‡M| ‡Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej e¨eüZ nq hv `v‡g mvkÖqx|
myZivs ¯^í e¨‡q j¨ve‡iUwi‡Z evm U‡cvjwR AwaKZi Dc‡hvMx|
wet`ªt GLv‡b wUª U‡cvjwRi cwie‡Z© †gk U‡cvjwR _vK‡Z cv‡i| †m‡ÿ‡ÎI evm U‡cvjwR AwaKZi Dc‡hvMx n‡e ¯^í e¨‡q|
30.
computer1 computer2 computer3
3
wPÎ-3
computer1 computer2 computer3
3
wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2 wPÎ-4

M. DÏxc‡Ki 1 bs I 2bs wP‡Îi U‡cvjwRi g‡a¨ ‡KvbwU AwaK myweavRb? we‡kølY K‡iv|
N. wPÎ-3 I wPÎ-4 wb‡`©wkZ †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR؇qi g‡a¨ †KvbwU myweavRbK Zv we‡kølY K‡i gZvgZ `vI|
30 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡K wPÎ-1 n‡”Q wis U‡cvjwR| ‡h U‡cvjwR‡Z me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi‡K Zv‡ii gva¨‡g GKwU wis ev jy‡ci g‡Zv m„wó Kiv
hvq Zv‡K wis U‡cvjwR e‡j| Ab¨w`‡K wPÎ-2 n‡”Q evm U‡cvjwR| †h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU ms‡hvM jvB‡bi mv‡_ mKj
wWfvBmmg~n hy³ _v‡K Zv‡K evm U‡cvjwR e‡j| D³ U‡cvjwR؇qi g‡a¨ evm U‡cvjwR AwaK myweavRbK| wb‡P Gi
KviYmg~n Zz‡j aiv n‡jv-
• wis U‡cvjwR‡Z Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv mivmwi ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K bv weavq †bUIqv‡K©i †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv
Kw¤úDUv‡i mivmwi ms‡KZ cvVv‡Z cv‡i bv| GRb¨ †bUIqv‡K©i †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi ms‡KZ cyb:‡cÖi‡Yi ÿgZv nviv‡j
wKsev Lvivc n‡q †M‡j cy‡iv †bUIqvK©wU APj n‡q c‡o| wKš‘ evm U‡cvjwR‡Z †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi bó n‡q †M‡j Ab¨
Kw¤úDUv‡ii KvR Ki‡Z †Kv‡bv Amyweav nq bv|
• wis U‡cvjwR‡Z †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi ms‡hvRb ev Acmvi‡Y cy‡iv †bUIqv‡K©i Kvh©µg e¨nZ nq| wKš‘ evm U‡cvjwR‡Z
‡Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi †hvM Ki‡j ev mwi‡q wb‡j Zv‡Z cy‡iv †bUIqv‡K©i Kvh©µg e¨nZ nq bv| GQvov evm U‡cvjwR‡Z
wiwcUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †bUIqv‡K©i e¨vK‡evb mn‡R m¤úªmviY Kiv hvq|
30 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡K wPÎ-3 n‡”Q wis U‡cvjwR| ‡h U‡cvjwR‡Z me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi‡K Zv‡ii gva¨‡g GKwU wis ev jy‡ci g‡Zv m„wó Kiv
hvq Zv‡K wis U‡cvjwR e‡j| Ab¨w`‡K wPÎ-4 n‡”Q †gk U‡cvjwR| ‡h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK©f‚³ Ab¨
cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mivmwi hy³ _v‡K Zv‡K †gk U‡cvjwR e‡j| D³ U‡cvjwR؇qi g‡a¨ †gk U‡cvjwR AwaK
myweavRbK| wb‡P Gi KviYmg~n Zz‡j aiv n‡jv-
26(N) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi `ªóe¨|
31.
A
F
B
E
C
D G

M. DÏxc‡Ki U‡cvjwRi E wWfvBmwU bó n‡j †WUv PjvP‡ji †ÿ‡Î †h mgm¨vi m„wó n‡e Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N. DÏxc‡Ki ïaygvÎ A, B, C I D GB PviwU wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ Kx e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡j †WUv PjvP‡ji MwZ me‡P‡q †ewk n‡e
we‡kølY K‡iv|
31 bs cÖkœ DËi (M)
DÏxc‡K e¨eüZ U‡cvjwRwU n‡”Q nvBweªW U‡cvjwR| D³ U‡cvjwR wis I ÷vi †bUIqv‡K©i mgš^‡q MwVZ| DÏxc‡K E
wWfvBmwU bó n‡j ‡WUv PjvP‡ji †ÿ‡Î †h mgm¨vi m„wó n‡e Zv n‡jv- wis †bUIqv‡K©i A, B, C, D, E Gi †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi
ms‡KZ cvVv‡j Zv cieZx© †bv‡Wi w`‡K cÖevwnZ K‡i| Gfv‡e Z‡_¨i GKgyLx cÖevn cy‡iv e„ËvKvi c_ Ny‡i Av‡m Ges e„ËvKvi
c‡_i wewfbœ †bv‡W mshy³ Kw¤úDUvi cÖ‡qvR‡b D³ ms‡KZ MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ wis †bUIqv‡K©i E Kw¤úDUvi ms‡KZ
cybt‡cÖi‡Yi ÿgZv nviv‡j wKsev bó n‡q †M‡j A_ev wew”Qbœ Ae¯’vq _vK‡j, cy‡iv †bUIqvK©wU A‡K‡Rv n‡q c‡o| G‡ÿ‡Î
bó Kw¤úDUviwU (E) AcmviY K‡i cybivq ms‡hvM m¤úbœ Ki‡Z nq| Ab¨w`‡K, ÷vi U‡cvjwRi E Gi mv‡_ mKj Kw¤úDUvi
hy³ _vK‡e| †K‡›`ªi G wWfvBmwU A‡K‡Rv n‡q †M‡j cy‡iv †bUIqvK©wU weKj n‡q co‡e|
31 bs cÖkœ DËi (N)
DÏxc‡Ki ïaygvÎ A, B, C I D GB PviwU wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ †WUv PjvP‡ji MwZ me‡P‡q †ewk Kivi Rb¨ wWfvBmmg~‡ni
g‡a¨ †gk †bUIqvK© e¨e¯’v M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e|
‡h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK©f‚³ Ab¨ cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mivmwi hy³ _v‡K Zv‡K †gk U‡cvjwR e‡j|
G‡Z †bUIqvK©f‚³ Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ mivmwi I A‡cÿvK…Z `ªyZ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB U‡cvjwRi
†bUIqv‡K© †Kv‡bv †K›`ªxq mvf©vi ev wWfvB‡mi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| GwU m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c AvšÍtmshy³ U‡cvjwR bv‡gI cwiwPZ| †gk
U‡cvjwRi wPÎ wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv-
†gk U‡cvjwR‡Z †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi ev ms‡hvM jvBb bó n‡q †M‡j †Zgb †Kv‡bv Amyweav nq bv| A_©vr †bUIqv‡K© Lye eo
ai‡bi mgm¨v m„wó nq bv| ‡gk U‡cvjwR‡Z †bUIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUv‡ii msL¨v e„w× †c‡jI †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi MwZ K‡g bv| ‡gk
U‡cvjwR‡Z †bUIqv‡K©i mgm¨v Lye mn‡R mgvavb Kiv hvq| ‡gk U‡cvjwR‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU †bv‡Wi g‡a¨ AZ¨šÍ `ªæZ
MwZ‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|
wet`ªt 22(M) bs Ges 26(N) bs †_‡K wgwj‡q 31(N) bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi wjLv|