Final Exam

Ryan Yu
Piatelli, C Block
May 31, 2023
Overview of Selected Articles
Which two regions do your Which theme does each article
articles cover? address?

Article 1: China Article 1: Globalization

Article 2: Africa Article 2: Nationalism

Article 1 - Background Information
Region China

Theme (G, R, I, N) Globalization

Article Title China bans major chip maker Micron from key infrastructure projects

Author(s) Peter Hoskins, Business Reporter

Publisher BBC News

Date Published May 22, 2023

Active Link to Article https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-65667746

Article 1 - Graphic

Computer Chips, and pathway of manufacturing in relevant countries

Article 1 - Summary of Article
● China bans US chips from Micron from Chinese sensitive projects
● In the past, American companies had stopped sale of trade of chips to China
● This move lowered Micron’s business value by 5.3 percent
● China has moved closer to international competitors of Micron like Samsung
and SK Hynix in South Korea
● This move also came after a joint statement criticizing China of economic
coercion.
● This increases tensions between the US and China
● The US will try to diversify economy, to avoid reliance on China
● They will invest 3.6 billion to develop technology in Japan
● China is developing its own chips
Article 1 - Additional Research
● After Mao’s death, the Communist country began to allow small amounts of
capitalism to revive the economy
● This led to industrialization, and the utilization of the huge population
● China became a member of the World Trade Organization, allowing it to open
the economy to foreign investment
● The US began to open trade soon after
● China became a massive supplier of mass production, including chips
● Many nations including the US still rely on China for producing electronics
● Recently, the US set a series of bans on chip exports to China, to slow down
Chinese domestic production and development
● Both countries have set a series of sanctions on each other’s tech companies.
Article 1 - Connection to Theme + Region
China's ban on Micron chips highlights the complex relationship between domestic policies and the forces of globalization.
Globalization is the sharing of culture, goods, and serves on an international scale. Since the 1900’s, China has opened up to the world
economy with mass production and distribution of goods including electronics, which require chips such as the ones made by
Micron. China went from a Communist, domestically focused government under 毛泽东 in the 1940’s to allowing parts of capitalism
into the economy, and participating in globalization. By restricting the import of Micron chips, China disrupts this global supply
chain, impacting not only the Chinese market, which profits off of this particular import, but also sending reverberations throughout
international industries that now have lost one of their major consumer markets. This shows how interconnected the various
national economies are, and exhibits globalization. The move allows the United States to start to find other nations to invest chip
trade in. Recently, they invested nearly 4 billion in Japan for technology development. This also shows globalism; Other nations are
getting involved and working together on an international scale in response to an event that impacts every country. China almost
de-Globalizes, by closing off a street of revenue and disrupting trade. As the world’s 2nd largest economy, the ramifications are large
when it decides to cut off the largest chip-manufacturer in the United States. The move came right after a group of countries, called
G-7, came together to discuss how to hamper China’s practices of economic coercion. China directly responds this way, to
demonstrate that it will stand up to the West. Chips are an important component of most electronics, which are necessary to run a
government in modern times. Cutting trade of this crucial import also communicates China’s desire to develop their own chips, and
avoid reliance on the West in a race for technological superiority. China has already started to develop its own chips. Overall, the
move serves as a symbol to stop trade threats from the West, proving China can survive trade without the chips, and that China will
continue to develop their own technology to avoid reliance on foreign chips.
Article 1 - Citations (MLA Format)
Article: Hoskins, Peter. “China Bans Major Chip Maker Micron from Key Infrastructure
Projects.” BBC News, 22 May 2023, www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-65667746. Accessed 30 May
2023.

Image: Weiwan, He. “Of Chips and Trade.” China-US Focus, 17 May 2022,
www.chinausfocus.com/finance-economy/of-chips-and-trade. Accessed 3 June 2023.

Research: "China since 1949." Gale World History Online Collection, Gale, 2023. Gale In
Context: World History,
link.gale.com/apps/doc/EVNFUV953335525/WHIC?u=mlin_n_stjohns&sid=bookmark-WHIC&
xid=8e00d9d4. Accessed 31 May 2023.
Article 2 - Background Information
Region Democratic Republic of Congo

Theme (G, R, I, N) Nationalism

Article Title At least 17 civilians killed by extremist rebels in eastern Congo

Author(s) JEAN-YVES KAMALE

Publisher Associated Press News

Date Published May 30, 2023

Active Link to Article https://apnews.com/article/jihadi-violence-congo-rebels-a6ef6d240da7200e6d07a7

6155d4cd07
Article 2 - Graphic (including caption on relevance)

Map of armed rebel groups in the Eastern provinces of the

Democratic Republic of Congo
Article 2 - Summary of Article
● In the Eastern Congo, 17 were killed by rebel fighting
● These fighters are associated with the Islamic State Group in the Congo
● More than 120 groups in the Eastern Congo are actively warring
● They are fighting for land, and access to mines with minerals
● Have killed more than 320 citizens in the past year
● Around 6 million civilians are internally displaced in the Congo
● The displaced face extreme food security, and exposure to diseases
● Many of the displaced, numbering close to half a million, are in the Northern
Kivu province where the 17 were killed in a single incident
Article 2 - Additional Research
● Instability and warfare caused by King Leopold of Belgium’s rule in the time
● Ended in exploitation of the Congo’s resources and hostilities because of how he divided the
land
● Over 10 million Congolese died
● After WWII, the Congo gained its independence and the Democratic Republic of Congo is
established
● A long period of civil unrest and problems including economic and political challenges
ensued until a military coup took over in 1965
● Around this time separatists fighting, between the Hutu and Tutsi clans in Rwanda led to
more than 1 million refugees internally displaced in the Congo
● More rebellions occurred with violent transitions in government that angered and divided
many groups in the Congo
● Outbreaks of the Ebola virus, and lack of land and natural resources fueled the conflict
● The first peaceful transition of government in the Congo happens in 2019.
Article 2 - Connection to Theme + Region
The fight between competing rebel groups in the eastern provinces of the Congo are fueled by their respective desires to put certain leaders in
government, rights to land, and to display superiority to gain control of the country. For this reason, all of their efforts are categorized as Nationalism,
their personal identity of superiority they believe justifies their attempts to overthrow the government violently. The major groups involved include the
Hutu, who fight to protect land from others, and the Tutsi, who fight to secure natural resources for their people. These extremists are inspired to fight
by hardships that have persisted in the country since the early 1900’s. This was a period when King Leopold had controlled the countries and left them
weak as he exploited the people and resources for Belgium. At this time, the Congo was seen as weak. Even after their liberation, the succession of
multiple leaders, each quickly overthrown in violent coups, were not able to fix the countries’ problems. This convinced the rebel groups that action
was needed to secure resources. Outbreaks of viruses, natural disasters, and famine all contributed to internally displaced people in the Congo, who are
often collaterally injured or killed in violent conflicts between these groups, raising the death tolls. The continued pattern of instability and conflict in
the Congo after King Leopold’s rule can be examined as a precursor to the rivalry between extremists who battle each other for land or security of their
small groups. The people caught in the middle exacerbate the death toll, and frequently become the headlines of the news. These groups import arms to
fight with, contradicting their own claims to fight for peace as more weapons are used in the country. However, in 2019, the first peaceful transition of
power to a new head of the Democratic Republic of Congo was made, raising hope that the country’s welfare problems may start to be resolved soon.
Two of the warring groups, the Hutu and Tutsi that had caused the 17 deaths in just one day, have also agreed to a cease-fire for the time-being, already
reducing the conflict and death toll that contributes to the Congo’s instability. The UN also frequently sends peacemakers to the area in the hopes of
providing humanitarian aid for the displaced. News coverage of the deaths caused by warring extremists also raises awareness for the suffering in the
Congo. These are all good signs, for the future of a country with many problems, because now they have a new leader, potential for peace and
international assistance. There are more than 120 armed, warring groups in the Congo. Negotiating with all of them to release arms and stop fighting is
a monumental challenge, but one that is necessary to deal with, in the interests of stopping unnecessary conflict.
Article 2 - Citations (MLA Format)
Article:Kamale, Jean-yves. “At Least 17 Civilians Killed by Extremist Rebels in Eastern
Congo.” AP NEWS, 30 May 2023,
apnews.com/article/jihadi-violence-congo-rebels-a6ef6d240da7200e6d07a76155d4cd07.

Image: Kampala, Ituri. “Armed Groups in Eastern DRC.” The New Humanitarian, 31 Oct.
2013, www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2013/10/31/armed-groups-eastern-drc.
Accessed 2 June 2023.

Research: "Democratic Republic of the Congo." Gale World History Online Collection,
Gale, 2022. Gale In Context: World History,
link.gale.com/apps/doc/MGDTEG520343401/WHIC?u=mlin_n_stjohns&sid=bookmark-
WHIC&xid=0465e447. Accessed 31 May 2023.