MAQUINAS Y HERRAMIENTAS

INTEGRANTES:

Pamela Trujillo

Karen Varela

TEMA:

Fundición en arena

DOCENTE:

Ing. Juan Francisco Nicolalde

18 - Junio - 2024
OBJECTIVE

● Using the wax sand casting process, achieve complex pieces with a high degree of
precision in addition to generating less waste and creating figures without the need for
a pattern.

INTRODUCTION
The sand casting process is a method of manufacturing metal, for which sand molds are
needed or used to form complex pieces, it is considered one of the oldest and simplest
methods, it can create small pieces of jewelry to industrial components.

One of its advantages are:

● It is an economical casting method
● It is recyclable
● Withstands very high temperatures

Sand casting is poorly available for metals with high casting temperatures such as steel,
nickel and titanium. For casting to be effective, the mold cavity needs to be cooled until it has
completely cooled. One of the reasons why this foundry process was created is because it was
transcendent in the development of tools, weapons and decorative pieces, and also because it
was accessible to low-income people. Over time the casting process has evolved and
perfected and is currently used to create a wide variety of products.

METHODOLOGY

This process is very common for the creation of metal parts, it is a very versatile technique
that allows the manufacture of such parts in different sizes and shapes.

For this process, different aspects and steps are taken into account to obtain the final piece,
which in this case will be the casting in the form of a pie.

The main steps to follow are:

- Design and creation of the model, here the model to be made will be designed either
with the use of software or an already established model that will represent the external
shape of the part or figure.

- For the preparation of the mold, it will be placed in a box filled with compacted sand
along with plaster that will maintain the shape. To compact it will be molded around the
mold with the help of tools, and when it is dry and compact the mold is carefully removed
where there is a cavity to fill with material for the desired shape.

- A conduit will be placed as a sprue through which the material will flow into the
cavity for subsequent solidification.
- In this case, wax was used as the melting material, which was subjected to low
temperature for the required casting.

- Once the material is cast, it is poured through the sprue through the conduit so that it
flows into the cavity and fills it, then it is allowed to cool and solidify.

- Once ready and cold, it is prepared for demolding, the piece or cast shape with the
wax will be removed from the sand.

- As final details, the piece is cleaned to remove sand and slag residues and a brushing
method can be applied for the ideal surface.

MATERIALS

For casting practice, we made use of:

- Wax

- Sand

- Plaster

- Pipe to simulate a trough

- Colors

- Decoration materials

- Flattening spatulas

- Box

RESULTS

The project was completed successfully and a cast piece of a cake was obtained, it complies
with the design and quality that was established. As a result, we obtained a solid piece, its
surface has no pores, we obtained a smooth and uniform surface which allowed us to give a
final finish to the piece.

DISCUSSION

From the results obtained, the casting process using wax as a material allows to have a piece
with acceptable dimensions as wax is an easy material to use and to be molded so together
with sand compaction and low temperature that minimizes defects. The test of structure and
hardness was achieved to verify that the piece does not break or deform as well as it was
observed that there is no presence of pores.

CONCLUSIONS

It can be concluded that this method of casting in sand with wax is an appropriate technique
to be able to make any desired piece. The process was carried out safely and a high quality
casting was also obtained.

ANNEXES
Resultado Final

BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Sithole, C., Nyembwe, K., & Olubambi, P. (2019). Process knowledge for improving quality in
sand casting foundries: A literature review. Procedia Manufacturing, 35, 356-360.