2022303005 ,Gopinath R , B.Tech Chem E A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE TITANIC SHIP CRASH ON APRIL 14, 1912, AT NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN, NEAR NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The Titanic collided with an iceberg at approximately 11:40 PM ship's time on April 14, 1912, while sailing through the North Atlantic Ocean. The iceberg ruptured the ship's hull, causing severe flooding. Despite the ship's advanced features, it lacked sufficient lifeboats to accommodate all passengers and crew.The collision resulted in a significant loss of life, with approximately 1,500 passengers and crew members perishing in the disaster. The lack of sufficientlifeboats contributed to the high fatality rate.A smaller number of survivors, estimated to be around 700 individuals, managed to escape the sinking ship, but many of them suffered injuries and exposure to freezing temperatures. DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCIDENT: On the night of April 14, 1912, the RMS Titanic, met an iceberg crash during its maiden voyage. Around 11:40 PM, the majestic passenger liner collided with a colossal iceberg in the frigid waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. The impact tore a series of fatal gashes along the starboard side, allowing water to flood several compartments. Despite immediate efforts to staunch the flooding, the situation quicklydeteriorated.As chaos ensued, the crew and passengers displayed resilience by taking swift actions in their desperate attempts to save lives. Distress rockets were launched, wireless messages transmitted, and emergency procedures activated to evacuate the ship in an orderly manner. However, the Titanic's lifeboat capacity proved wholly inadequate to accommodate all passengers and crew, highlighting a glaring oversight.The ship's safety measures included 20 lifeboats and 4 collapsible boats, a number far below the necessary capacity for over 2,200 people onboard. The lifeboats were designed to accommodate approximately 1,178 individuals, leaving a significant shortfall. Furthermore, the evacuation process was not without challenges, as confusion,language barriers, and lack of emergency training hindered the orderly deployment of lifeboats.As the tragedy unfolded, some lifeboats were launched with far fewer occupants than their full capacity, while others were lowered with improper handling, leading to lifeboats being launched under-occupied. The immediate actions of certain crew members, such as First Officer William Murdoch and Second Officer Charles Lightoller, attempted to fill lifeboats to their fullest extent to save as many lives as possible.Amidst the chaos, some lifeboats did manage to rescue survivors from the freezing waters. These lifeboats faced harrowing conditions,to reach the rescue ship, RMS Carpathia, which arrived on the scene around 4:00 AM on April 15, 1912.1n the days following the disaster, ships weredispatched to retrieve the bodies of victims floating in the North Atlantic. Efforts were made to identify the deceased and preserve personal effects for later repatriation. Several bodies were buried at sea due to decomposition or unidentified status. FINDINGS OF THE INVESTIGATION: 1.The ship's speed was not reduced adequately in the iceberg-prone area, despite warnings of ice in the vicinity. 2.The Titanic's lifeboat capacity was insufficient to accommodate all passengers and crew, resulting in the loss of many lives. 3.Communication systems were limited, and the distress signals were notacknowledged promptly by nearby vessels, further complicating rescue efforts. RECOMMENDATIONS: To prevent similar incidents and enhance maritime safety, the following recommendations are proposed: 1.Modern passenger ships should be equipped with advanced navigational tools to detect hazards like icebergs more effectively. 2.All passenger ships must carry an adequate number of lifeboats to ensure there is enough capacity for all passengers and crew in emergencies.3.Comprehensive training in emergency procedures should be provided to crew members and passengers to ensure an orderly and efficient response during crises. 4.Advanced communication systems should be installed to facilitate quick distress signal transmission and coordination with nearby vessels and rescue services.