AFFILIATION NO.

2133136 SCHOOL CODE: 71419

SUMMER VACATIONS HOMEWORK (2024 -25)
SUBJECT: SCIENCE
CLASS:X

Chemistry
Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer
these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
1. Assertion (A) : Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is an example of
exothermic reactions.
Reason (R) : Exothermic reaction are those reactions in which heat is evolved.
2. Assertion (A) : When HCl is added to zinc granules, a chemical reaction occurs.
Reason (R) : Evolution of a gas and change in colour indicate that the chemical reaction is
taking place.
3. Assertion (A) : Calcium carbonate when heated gives calcium oxide and water.
Reason (R) : On heating calcium carbonate, decomposition reaction takes place.
4. Assertion (A) : Brown fumes are produced when lead nitrate is heated.
Reason (R) : Nitrogen dioxide gas is produced as a by product due to the decomposition of
lead nitrate.
5. Assertion (A) : White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight.
Reason (R) : Decomposition of silver chloride in presence of sunlight takes place to form
silver metal and chlorine gas.
6. Assertion (A): Pungent smelling gas is produced when sulphur burns in air.
Reason (R) : Sulphur trioxide is formed on reaction of sulphur with oxygen.
7. Assertion (A) : In a reaction of copper with oxygen, copper serves as a reducing agent.
Reason (R) : The substance which gains oxygen in a chemical reaction acts as a reducing
agent.
8. Assertion (A) : In electrolysis of water, the volume of hydrogen liberated is twice the
volume of oxygen formed.
Reason (R) : Water (H,0) has hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2 by volume.
9. Assertion (A): Corrosion of iron is commonly known as rusting.
Reason (R) : Corrosion of iron occurs in presence of water and air.
10. Assertion (A) : The balancing of chemical equations is based on law of conservation of
mass.
Reason (R) : Total mass of reactants is equal to total mass of products.
11. Assertion (A): In a balanced chemical equation, total mass of the reactants is equal to
the total mass of the products.
Reason (R): Mass can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical change.
12. Assertion (A): Iron articles are painted so as to prevent them from rusting.
Reason (R): When the surface of iron is coated with paint, its surface does not come in
contact with oxygen and moisture therefore rusting does not take place.
13. Assertion (A) : Chemical reaction changes the physical and chemical state of a
substance.
Reason (R) : When electric current is passed through water (liquid), it decomposes to
produce hydrogen and
oxygen gases.
14. Assertion (A): When calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes to give calcium oxide
and carbon dioxide.
Reason (R): The decomposition reaction takes place on application of heat, therefore, it is
an endothermic reaction.
15. Assertion (A): Zinc reacts with sulphuric acid to form zinc sulphate and hydrogen gas
and it is a displacement reaction.
Reason (R): Zinc reacts with oxygen to form zinc oxide.
16. Assertion (A): Chips manufacturers usually Ilush bags of chips with gas such as
nitrogen to prevent the chips from getting oxidised.
Reason (R): This increase the taste ot the chips and helps in their digestion.
17. Assertion (A): Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight for a long duration turns grey due
to the formation of silver by decomposition of silver chloride.
Reason (R): In this process, sublimation of silver chloride takes place.
18. Assertion (A): Rusting of iron metal is the most common form of corrosion.
Reason (R): The effect of rusting of iron can be reversed if they are left open in sunlight.
19. Assertion (A): AgBr is used on photographic and X-ray film.
Reason (R): AgBr is photosensitive and changes to Ag and bromine in presence of sunlight
and undergoes decomposition reaction.
20. Assertion (A): Magnesium ribbon keeps on burning in atmosphere of nitrogen.
Reason (R) : Magnesium reacts with nitrogen to form magnesium nitride and this reaction is
combination reaction.

Physics
21. Assertion(A) : The centre of curvature is not a part of the mirror. It lies outside its
reflecting surface.
Reason (R) : The reflecting surface of a spherical mirror forms a part of a sphere. This
sphere has a centre.
22. Assertion (A) : A ray passing through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror after
reflection, is reflected back along the same path.
Reason (R) : The incident rays fall on the mirror along the normal to the reflecting surface.
23. Assertion (A) : Light does not travel in the same direction in all the media.
Reason (R) : The speed of light does not change as it enters from one transparent medium to
another.
24. Assertion(A) : The emergent ray is parallel to the direction of the incident ray.
Reason (R) : The extent of bending of the ray of light at the opposite parallel faces (air-
glass interface and glass-air interface) of the rectangular glass slab is equal and opposite.
25. Assertion(A) : A ray of light travelling from a rarer medium to a denser medium slows
down and bends away from the normal. When it travels from a denser medium to a rarer
medium, it speeds up and bends towards the normal.
Reason (R) : The speed of light is higher in a rarer medium than a denser medium.
26. Assertion(A): The mirrors used in search lights are concave spherical.
Reason (R) : In concave spherical mirror the image formed is always virtual.
27. Assertion(A) : Light travels faster in glass than in air.
Reason (R) : Glass is denser than air.
28. Assertion(A) : For observing traffic at back, the driver mirror is convex mirror.
Reason (R) : A convex mirror has much larger field of view than a plane mirror.
29. Assertion(A) : Mirror formula can be applied to a plane mirror.
Reason (R) : A plane mirror is a spherical mirror of infinite focal length.
30. Assertion(A) : It is not possible to see a virtual image by eye.
Reason (R): The rays that seem to emanate from a virtual image do not in fact emanates
from the image.
31. Assertion(A) : When the object moves with a velocity 2 m/s, its image in the plane
mirror moves with a velocity of 4 m/s.
Reason (R) : The image formed by a plane mirror is as far behind the mirror as the object is
in front of it.
32. Assertion(A) : The height of an object is always considered positive.
Reason (R) : An object is always placed above the principal axis in this upward direction.
33. Assertion(A) : Concave mirrors are used as make-up mirrors.
Reason (R) : When the face is held within the focus of a concave mirror, then a diminished
image of the face is seen in the concave mirror.
34. Assertion(A) : Refractive index has no units.
Reason (R) : The refractive index is a ratio of two similar quantities.
35. Assertion(A) : The formula connecting u, v and f for a spherical mirror is valid in all
situations for all spherical mirrors for all positions of the object.
Reason (R) : Laws of reflection are strictly valid for plane surfaces.
36. Assertion(A): A person cannot see his image in a concave mirror, unless, he is standing
beyond the center of curvature of the mirror.
Reason (R) : In a concave mirror, image formed is real provided the object is situated
beyond its focus.
37. Assertion(A): Virtual images are always erect.
Reason (R) : Virtual images are formed by diverging lenses only
Biology
1. Which of the following statements about the autotrophs is incorrect?
(a) They synthesise carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight
and chlorophyll
(b) They store carbohydrates in the form of starch
(c) They convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates in the absence of sunlight
(d) They constitute the first trophic level in food chains
2. In which of the following groups of organisms, food material is broken down outside the
body and absorbed?
(a) Mushroom, green plants, Amoeba
(b) Yeast, mushroom, bread mould
(c) Paramecium, Amoeba, Cuscuta
(d) Cuscuta, lice, tapeworm
3. Select the correct statement
(a) Heterotrophs do not synthesise their own food
(b) Heterotrophs utilise solar energy for photosynthesis
(c) Heterotrophs synthesise their own food
(d) Heterotrophs are capable of converting carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates
4. Which is the correct sequence of parts in human alimentary canal?
(a) Mouth → stomach → small intestine → oesophagus → large intestine
(b) Mouth →oesophagus → stomach → large intestine → small intestine
(c) Mouth → stomach → oesophagus → small intestine → large intestine
(d) Mouth → oesophagus → stomach → small intestine→ large intestine
5. If salivary amylase is lacking in the saliva, which of the following events in the mouth
cavity will be affected?
(a) Proteins breaking down into amino acids
(b) Starch breaking down into sugars
(c) Fats breaking down into fatty acids and glycerol
(d) Absorption of vitamins
6. The inner lining of stomach is protected by one of the following from hydrochloric acid.
Choose the correct one
(a) Pepsin (b) Mucus (c) Salivary amylase (d) Bile
7. In which part of the alimentary canal food is finally digested?
(a) Stomach (b) Mouth cavity (c) Large intestine (d) Small intestine
8. Choose the function of the pancreatic juice from the following
(a) trypsin digests proteins and lipase carbohydrates
(b) trypsin digests emulsified fats and lipase proteins
(c) trypsin and lipase digest fats
(d) trypsin digests proteins and lipase emulsified fats
9. When air is blown from mouth into a test-tube containing lime water, the lime water
turned milky due to the presence of
(a) oxygen (b) carbon dioxide (c) nitrogen (d) water vapour
12. The correct sequence of anaerobic reactions in yeast is
(a) Glucose _(cytoplasm)→Pyruvate →Ethanol + Carbondioxide
(b) Glucose → Pyruvate → Lactic acid
(c) Glucose→ Pyruvate → Lactic acid
(d) Glucose→ Pyruvate Ethanol+ Carbondioxide
13. Which of the following is most appropriate for aerobic respiration?
(a) Glucose →Pyruvate→ CO2 +H2O+ Energy
(b) Glucose →Pyruvate→CO2 +H2O+ Energy
(c) Glucose →Pyruvate + Energy→CO2 +H2O
(d) Glucose →Pyruvate + Energy→CO2 +H2O+ Energy
14. Which of the following statement(s) is (are) true about respiration?
(i) During inhalation, ribs move inward and diaphragm is raised
(ii) In the alveoli, exchange of gases takes place i.e., oxygen from alveolar air diffuses into
blood and carbon dioxide from blood into alveolar air
(iii) Haemoglobin has greater affinity for carbon dioxide than oxygen
(iv) Alveoli increase surface area for exchange of gases
(a) (i) and (iv) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (i) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
15. Which is the correct sequence of air passage during inhalation?
(a) Nostrils → larynx → pharynx → trachea → lungs
(b) Nasal passage → trachea → pharynx → larynx → alveoli
(c) larynx → nostrils → pharynx → lungs
(d) Nostrils → pharynx → larynx → trachea → alveoli
16. During respiration exchange of gases take place in
(a) trachea and larynx (b) alveoli of lungs (c) alveoli and throat (d) throat
and larynx
17. Which of the following statement (s) is (are) true about heart?
(i) Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from different parts of body while right atrium
receives deoxygenated blood from lungs
(ii) Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to different body parts while right ventricle
pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs
(iii) Left atrium transfers oxygenated blood to right ventricle which sends it to different body
parts
(iv) Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body while left
ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to different parts of the body
(a) (i) (b) (ii) (c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iii)
18. What prevents backflow of blood inside the heart during contraction?
(a) Valves in heart (b) Thick muscular walls of ventricles (c) Thin walls of atria
(d) All of the above
19. Single circulation i.e., blood flows through the heart only once during one cycle of
passage through the body, is exhibited by
(a) Labeo, Chameleon, Salamander (b) Hippocampus, Exocoetus, Anabas
(c) Hyla, Rana, Draco (d) Whale, Dolphin, Turtle
20. In which of the following vertebrate group/groups, heart does not pump oxygenated
blood to different parts of the body?
(a) Pisces and amphibians
(b) Amphibians and reptiles
(c) Amphibians only
(d) Pisces only
21. Choose the correct statement that describes arteries.
(a) They have thick elastic walls, blood flows under high pressure; collect blood from
different organs and bring it back to the heart
(b) They have thin walls with valves inside, blood flows under low pressure and carry blood
away from the heart to various organs of the body
(c) They have thick elastic walls, blood flows under low pressure; carry blood from the heart
to various organs of the body
(d) They have thick elastic walls without valves inside, blood flows under high pressure and
carry blood away from the heart to different parts of the body.
22. The filtration units of kidneys are called
(a) ureter (b) urethra (c) neurons (d) nephrons
23. Oxygen liberated during photosynthesis comes from
(a) water (b) chlorophyll (c) carbon dioxide (d) glucose
24. The blood leaving the tissues becomes richer in
(a) carbon dioxide (b) water (c) heamoglobin (d) oxygen
25. Which of the following is an incorrect statement?
(a) Organisms grow with time
(b) Organisms must repair and maintain their structure
(c) Movement of molecules does not take place among cells
(d) Energy is essential for life processes
26. The internal (cellular) energy reserve in autotrophs is
(a) glycogen (b) protein (c) starch (d) fatty acid
27. Which of the following equations is the summary of photosynthesis?
(a) 6CO2 + 12H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
(b) 6CO2 + H2O + Sunlight→ C6H12O6 + O2 + 6H2O
(c) 6CO2 + 12H2O + Chlorophyll + Sunlight→ C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
(d) 6CO2 + 12H2O + Chlorophyll + Sunlight→ C6H12O6 + 6CO2 + 6H2O
28. Choose the event that does not occur in photosynthesis
(a) Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
(b) Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates
(c) Oxidation of carbon to carbon dioxide
(d) Conversion of light energy to chemical energy
29. The opening and closing of the stomatal pore depends upon
(a) oxygen (b) temperature (c) water in guard cells (d) concentration of CO2 in stomata
30. Choose the forms in which most plants absorb nitrogen
(i) Proteins (ii) Nitrates and Nitrites (iii) Urea (iv) Atmospheric nitrogen
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv)
31. Which is the first enzyme to mix with food in the digestive tract?
(a) Pepsin (b) Cellulose (c) Amylase (d) Trypsin
32. Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct?
(i) Pyruvate can be converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide by yeast
(ii) Fermentation takes place in aerobic bacteria
(iii) Fermentation takes place in mitochondria
(iv) Fermentation is a form of anaerobic respiration
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii)
33. Lack of oxygen in muscles often leads to cramps among cricketers. This results due to
(a) conversion of pyruvate to ethanol
(b) conversion of pyruvate to glucose
(c) non conversion of glucose to pyruvate
(d) conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid
34. Choose the correct path of urine in our body
(a) kidney → ureter → urethra → urinary bladder
(b) kidney → urinary bladder → urethra → ureter
(c) kidney → ureters → urinary bladder → urethra
(d) urinary bladder → kidney → ureter → urethra
35. During deficiency of oxygen in tissues of human beings, pyruvic acid is converted into
lactic acid in the
(a) cytoplasm
(b) chloroplast
(c) mitochondria
(d) golgi body

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Name the following

(a)The process in plants that links light energy with chemical energy
(b)Organisms that can prepare their own food
(c)The cell organelle where photosynthesis occurs
(d)Cells that surround a stomatal pore
(e)Organisms that cannot prepare their own food
(f)An enzyme secreted from gastric glands in stomach that acts on proteins.
2. “All plants give out oxygen during day and carbon dioxide during night”. Do you agree
with this statement? Give reason.
3. How do the guard cells regulate opening and closing of stomatal pores?
4. Two green plants are kept separately in oxygen free containers, one in the dark and the
other in continuous light. Which one will live longer? Give reasons.
5. If a plant is releasing carbon dioxide and taking in oxygen during the day, does it mean
that there is no photosynthesis occurring?
Justify your answer.
6. Why do fishes die when taken out of water?
7. Differentiate between an autotroph and a heterotroph.
8. Is ‘nutrition’ a necessity for an organism? Discuss.
9. What would happen if green plants disappear from earth?
10.Leaves of a healthy potted plant were coated with vaseline. Will this plant remain healthy
for long?
11.Give reasons for your answer.
How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic respiration? Differentiate between an
artery and a vein.

12. What are the adaptations of leaf for photosynthesis?

13. Why is small intestine in herbivores longer than in carnivores?
14. What will happen if mucus is not secreted by the gastric glands?
15. What is the significance of emulsification of fats?
16. What causes movement of food inside the alimentary canal?
17. Why does absorption of digested food occur mainly in the small intestine?
18. Why is the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms much faster than in terrestrial
organisms?
19. Why is blood circulation in human heart called double circulation?
20. What is the advantage of having four chambered heart?
21. Mention the major events during photosynthesis
22. In each of the following situations what happens to the rate of photosynthesis?
(a)Cloudy days
(b)No rainfall in the area
(c)Good manuring in the area
(d)Stomata get blocked due to dust
23. Name the energy currency in the living organisms. When and where is it produced?
24. What is common for cuscuta, ticks and leeches?
25. Explain the role of mouth in digestion of food.
26. What are the functions of gastric glands present in the wall of the stomach?
27.Name the correct substrates for the following enzymes
(a) Trypsin (b) Amylase (c) Pepsin (d) Lipase
28. Why do veins have thin walls as compared to arteries?
29. What will happen if platelets were absent in the blood?
30. Plants have low energy needs as compared to animals. Explain.
31. Why and how does water enter continuously into the root xylem?
32. Why is transpiration important for plants?

Complete the Art-Intergration project file

 SUBJECT: ENGLISH

Q.1: MAKE A PROJECT WORK OUT OF THREE, BY MENTIONING VALUE

POINTS GIVEN BEFORE THEM.
S.NO. TOPIC VALUE POINTS OBJECTIVE
1. Richard H. Ebright: An Birth and Early PROJECT WORK FOCUSED ON
Inspiration to All Parenting, Hobbies & SUBJECT ENRICHMERNT
Interests, Uniqueness,
Achievements,
Motivation & Role of
His Mother, Ingredients
of Success, Learning for
All

2 Anne Frank: Historical Autobiographical PROJECT WORK FOCUSED ON

Venture of Nazi content, Nazi dominance SUBJECT ENRICHMERNT
Oppression and Need of the Hour,
Her Aspirations and
Feelings and Emotions,
Escapism, Role of her
Diary in Recreation of
History
3. Coorg: Door of Indian Location and Natural PROJECT WORK FOCUSED ON
Culture features, History of SUBJECT ENRICHMERNT
People and their origin,
Similarity with Indian
Culture and Hospitality,
Spiritualism and
Philosophy, Store of
Future
 MATHS
LAB MANUAL:
Activity 2: To draw the graph of a quadratic polynomial and observe:
(i) The shape of the curve when the coefficient of is positive.

(ii) The shape of the curve when the coefficient of is negative.

(iii) Its number of zeroes.
Activity 3: To verify the conditions of consistency/ inconsistency for a pair
of linear equations in two variables by graphical method.
Activity 4: To obtain the solution of a quadratic equation (x 2 + 4x = 60) by
completing the square geometrically.
Activity 5: To identify Arithmetic Progressions in some given lists of
numbers (patterns).
WORKSHEET:
1. Prove that is an irrational number.
2. Find the least number which when divided by 6, 14, 18 and 22 leaves
remainder 4 in each case.
3. Solve:
4. For which value of the quadratic equation has real and equal roots?
5. Two squares has sides and . The sum of their areas is 656 Find the sides
of the squares.
6. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial and verify the relationship
between the zeroes and the coefficients.
7. For what value of , (−4) is a zero of the polynomial
8. An empty cone is of radius 3 cm and height 12 cm. Ice-cream is filled in it
so that of the volume of the cone is unfilled but hemisphere is formed on the
top. Find the volume of the ice-cream. (Use
9. The radius and height of a solid right circular cone are in the ratio of
5 ∶ 12. If its volume is 314 find its total surface area. [Take = 3.14].

SOCIAL SCIENCE
Prepare a Project Work on Consumer Rights OR Social Issues OR Sustainable
Development for internal evaluation of board exams. Details as shared by the
subject teacher.

HINDI
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