10 ICSE Chemistry

EXAMPLES
BONDING
Polar covalent compounds :
HCl ,Ammonia , Water , ethanol

Non polar covalent compounds :

Hydrogen , Nitrogen ,Chlorine , Bromine , Fluorine , Oxygen , Methane , Carbon tetrachloride ,
Carbondioxide , C6H6 and most organic compounds

Coordinately bonded :
Hydronium ion, Ammonium ion

All three bonds :

Ammonium chloride , Ammonium hydroxide

ACIDS BASES SALTS

Mineral acids:
HCl , H2SO4 , HNO3 ,H2CO3 , H3PO4

Organic acids :
Acetic acid , Lactic acid , Formic acid,oxalic acid etc

Hydro acids :
HF , HBr , HCl , H2S ,HI

Oxyacids :
HNO3 , H2SO4 ,H3PO4 ,H2CO3

Strong acids :
HCl , HNO3 ,H2SO4

Weak acids :
H2CO3 , H3PO4 , Acetic acid CH3COOH ,Formic acid and other organic acids

Monobasic acids :
HCl , HNO3 ,HBr , HI ,HF , CH3COOH , HCOOH (Formic acid )

Dibasic acid :
H2SO4 , H2S , H2CO3 , (COOH)2

Tribasic acids:
H3PO4 Phosphoric acid , H3BO3 Boric acid
Alkalis
NaOH ,KOH ,Ca(OH)2 , NH4OH

Strong base :
NaOH ,KOH ,Ba(OH)2

Weak base :
NH4OH ,Ca(OH)2

Monoacidic base :
NaOH ,KOH ,NH4OH

Diacidic base :
Ca(OH)2 ,Cu(OH)2 ,Ba(OH)2 , Zn(OH)2 etc

Triacidic base:
Al(OH)3 , Fe(OH)3 ,Cr(OH)3

Normal salts :
NaCl ,KCl , Na2SO4 ,Na3PO4 ,CaCO3 ,KNO3 etc

Acid salts:
NaHSO4 ,NaHCO3 ,NaH2PO4 ,Na2HPO4 etc

Basic salts :
Pb(OH)Cl , Mg(OH)Cl , Cu(OH)Cl ,Cu(OH)NO3 etc

ELECTROLYSIS
Strong electrolytes :
Acids HCl , HNO3 ,H2SO4
Bases NaOH ,KOH , Ba(OH)2
Salts NaCl (molten or aqueous ) ,KCl ,BaCl2 ,PbBr2 (molten ) , CuCl2 aq , CuSO4 aq , NiSO4aq etc

Weak electrolytes :
Acids H2CO3 , H3PO4 , CH3COOH , (COOH)2 ,H3BO3 etc
Bases NH4OH , Ca(OH)2 ,Cu(OH)2
Salts Na2CO3 , NaHCO3 , Pb(CH3COO)2 ,HgCl2

Non electrolytes :
Distilled water ,sugar solution in water , CCl4 , CS2 , petrol , alcohol ,kerosene , urea ,toluene ,
benzene etc