SULIT 3767/2

Ekonomi
Kertas 2
November
2022
2 ¼ Jam

SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN SELINSING,

34400 SIMPANG EMPAT, SEMANGGOL, PERAK

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM

2022

EKONOMI
KERTAS 2
(3767/2)

2 JAM 15 MINIT

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

NAMA : ___________________________________
KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA
KELAS : ___________________________________
SOALAN MARKAH MARKAH
PENUH DIPEROLEH
Arahan:
Bahagian A 60
1. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian:
1 20
Bahagian A dan Bahagian B
2 20
2. Jawab semua soalan di Bahagian A dan dua soalan
3 20
di Bahagian B
Bahagian B 40
3. Jawapan untuk Bahagian A perlu ditulis di ruang
4 20
jawapan yang disediakan
5 20
4. Jawapan untuk Bahagian B perlu ditulis pada kertas
6 20
jawapan
7 20
JUMLAH 100

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 19 halaman bercetak

SULIT 3767/2

Bahagian A
[60 markah]

Jawab semua soalan.

1. (a) Maklumat di bawah menunjukkan masalah ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh kerajaan.

Pembinaan Klinik Kesihatan, Pembinaan Gelanggang Serbaguna

Kota Damansara dengan kos dan Terbuka di SMK Seri Jaya dengan
RM3.8 juta kos bernilai RM3 juta

Jumlah hasil
kerajaan RM4 juta

Jelaskan cara penyelesaian masalah ekonomi di atas.

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[6 markah]

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(b) Maklumat berikut berkaitan dengan suatu sistem ekonomi negara P.

Individu dan pihak swasta tidak berkuasa langsung dalam menentukan aktiviti ekonomi dan
membuat keputusan ekonomi.

(i) Apakah sistem ekonomi yang diamalkan oleh negara P?

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[1 markah]

(ii) Jelaskan ciri pemilikan faktor pengeluaran dalam sistem ekonomi di atas.

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[3 markah]

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(c) Dengan menggunakan rajah, jelaskan faktor yang menyebabkan berlakunya pengembangan
permintaan.

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[6 markah]

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(d) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan keluk penawaran barang X.

Harga (RM) S

S
0 Kuantiti (unit)

Jelaskan keanjalan harga penawaran bagi barang X.

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[4 markah]

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2. (a) Gambar di bawah berkaitan dengan kemudahan pembayaran yang disediakan oleh bank
perdagangan.

Jelaskan kemudahan pembayaran yang disediakan oleh bank perdagangan selain daripada
yang di atas.

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[5 markah]

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(b) Gambar di bawah menunjukkan jenis perbelanjaan individu.

Jelaskan perbezaan jenis perbelanjaan individu bagi kedua-dua barang tersebut.

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[4 markah]

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(c) Syarikat Geroboc mengeluarkan 2 650 helai tudung dan menjualnya pada harga RM25.00 setiap
unit.
Berikut adalah kos-kos yang terlibat dalam pengeluaran syarikat ini.

Kos bahan mentah RM10 000

Kos upah buruh RM25 000
Sewa bangunan kilang RM8 000
Kos bahan api RM5 000

(i) Bezakan antara kos upah buruh dan sewa bangunan kilang dari sudut ekonomi.

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[4 markah]

(ii) Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi, hitungkan jumlah keuntungan Syarikat Geroboc.

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[3 markah]

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(d) Jelaskan bagaimana gaya kepimpinan usahawan mempengaruhi tingkat produktiviti firma.

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[4 markah]

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3. (a) Barang-barang yang berikut diisytiharkan sebagai barang kawalan.

Gula Minyak masak

Susu tepung Ayam

Bagaimanakah kerajaan menjayakan kawalan harga terhadap barang kawalan?

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[5 markah]

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(b) Maklumat berikut berkaitan dengan situasi yang dihadapi oleh Malaysia.

Malaysia dijangka berhadapan dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang negatif akibat penularan
wabak Covid-19.

Huraikan dasar belanjawan yang harus dilaksanakan oleh kerajaan bagi menyelesaikan masalah
ketidakstabilan ekonomi tersebut.

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[4 markah]

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(c) Jadual di bawah berkaitan dengan maklumat yang terdapat dalam imbangan pembayaran.

Butiran RM juta

Akaun modal 490

Akaun barangan 790
Akaun perkhidmatan - 385
Akaun pendapatan primer - 246
Akaun pendapatan sekunder - 169

(i) Hitungkan imbangan akaun semasa berdasarkan butiran yang diberikan.

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[3 markah]

(ii) Berdasarkan jawapan di 3 (c) (i), terangkan faktor yang menyebabkan akaun semasa
sedemikian.

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[4 markah]

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(d) Jadual di bawah menunjukkan perubahan kadar pertukaran asing antara Dolar Amerika Syarikat
(USD) berbanding Ringgit Malaysia (RM) bagi tempoh tiga tahun.

Tarikh Kadar Pertukaran RM bagi

seunit USD
Ogos 2020 RM 4.423
Ogos 2021 RM 4.457
Ogos 2022 RM 4.478

(i) Apakah arah aliran kadar pertukaran Ringgit Malaysia (RM) berbanding Dolar Amerika
Syarikat (USD)?

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[1 markah]

(ii) Berdasarkan jawapan di 3 d (i), jelaskan kesan perubahan tersebut ke atas imbangan
dagangan Malaysia.

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[3 markah]

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Bahagian B
[40 markah]

Jawab dua soalan sahaja.

4. Maklumat berikut menunjukkan maklumat pendapatan boleh guna dan perbelanjaan pengguna di
beberapa pusat bandar raya utama di Malaysia.

Perbelanjaan penggunaan isi rumah di kawasan bandar menunjukkan peningkatan pada kadar
3.7 peratus setahun daripada RM4,402 kepada RM4,916. Manakala, di luar bandar meningkat
pada kadar 3.6 peratus setahun daripada RM2,725 kepada RM3,038 bagi tempoh 2016 hingga
2019. Secara tidak langsung, ini menggambarkan perbelanjaan penggunaan isi rumah purata di
kawasan bandar adalah 1.6 kali lebih tinggi daripada perbelanjaan isi rumah purata di kawasan
luar bandar.

Sumber: Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia [ https://www.dosm.gov.my]

(a) Jelaskan faktor yang mempengaruhi corak perbelanjaan pengguna. [5 markah]

(b) Jelaskan strategi simpanan yang boleh dilakukan oleh individu agar mempunyai simpanan yang
mencukupi. [6 markah]

(c) Mengapakah perbelanjaan pengguna di pusat bandar lebih besar daripada perbelanjaan di luar
bandar? [9 markah]

5. Maklumat berikut berkaitan dengan perbelanjaan kerajaan.

Kerajaan tingkatkan subsidi bantu rakyat tangani cabaran kos sara hidup
– Tengku Zafrul

KUALA LUMPUR: Kerajaan melalui Kementerian Kewangan sentiasa meningkatkan bantuan dan
subsidi kepada rakyat untuk membantu menangani cabaran kos sara hidup, kata Menteri
Kewangan Tengku Datuk Seri Zafrul Tengku Abdul Aziz.

Sumber; BH Online, Julai 1, 2022

(a) Jelaskan jenis perbelanjaan di atas? [4 markah]

(b) Jelaskan kesan pemberian subsidi kepada pasaran barang tempatan. [7 markah]

(c) Kerajaan berpendapat subsidi di atas mampu menangani kos sara hidup.
Kemukakan hujah anda. [9 markah]

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6. Petikan berikut berkaitan dengan satu input pengeluaran.

Jangan terlalu bergantung buruh asing

SERDANG – Pemain industri pertanian dinasihatkan tidak terlalu bergantung kepada buruh
asing. Timbalan Menteri Industri Asas Tani, Sim Tze Tzin berkata, mereka sebaliknya perlu
memberi keutamaan kepada graduan pertanian. Menurutnya, Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri
Asas Tani (MOA) berusaha melahirkan graduan bagi memenuhi pekerja mahir dan separa mahir
dalam industri. “Jangan terlalu bergantung kepada pekerja asing, fokus beri peluang kepada anak
muda. Saya mohon pengusaha memberi peluang pekerjaan dan gaji yang bagus kepada graduan
MOA,” katanya kepada pemberita.

Sumber: Sinar Harian, 30 September 2019

(a) Jelaskan input pengeluaran di atas. [4 markah]

(b) Anda tidak bersetuju sekiranya firma terlalu bergantung kepada input asing berbanding input
tempatan.
Kemukakan hujah terhadap pendirian anda. [9 markah]

(c) Bagaimanakah firma boleh membantu dalam meningkatkan produktiviti input tempatan ini.
[7 markah]

7. Maklumat berikut berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan dasar gaji minimum di Malaysia.

KUALA LUMPUR: Pengumuman pelaksanaan kadar gaji minimum RM1500 oleh Perdana
Menteri, Datuk Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob yang dilaksanakan pada 1 Mei, boleh dianggap hadiah
terbaik sempena Hari Pekerja.

Kali terakhir gaji minimum dinaikkan adalah pada 1 Februari 2020 dengan kenaikan RM100
daripada RM1100 kepada RM1200 sebulan ketika pembentangan Belanjawan 2020.

Sumber: Ubahsuai BH Online, 29 Mac 2022

(a) Jelaskan kesan pelaksanaan gaji minimum terhadap masyarakat. [4 markah]

(b) Pelaksanaan tersebut memberi kesan ke atas pasaran barangan tempatan.

Jelaskan. [7 markah]

(c) Bagaimanakah tindakan kerajaan tersebut memberi kesan kepada firma?

Bincangkan. [9 markah]

*******************************************KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT********************************************

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RUANG JAWAPAN BAHAGIAN B (SOALAN ESEI)

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