Index:

1. GSL SPEECH
2. POIs that could be asked
3. POIs to ask other delegates
4. Substantive Chit Material
5. References
6. MOD topic speeches
GSL SPEECH

Agenda: - Comprehensive Implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Program of
Action.

GSL SPEECH: -

Thank you chair for the recognition,

Racism, discrimination, and xenophobia are those heinous crimes that not only occur on a daily basis,
but also hinder progress for millions of people around the World. As a nation committed to human
rights, Spain stands proud by abiding to the Durban Declaration and Program of Action. In adherence to
the agenda of this committee’s session, the delegate would like to mention some mechanisms for the
declaration’s implementation -

First and foremost, as a democratic country and leader for our citizens, it is our moral duty to
comprehend robust legislative measures and comprehensive policies to combat racism and
discrimination. By enacting laws that explicitly criminalize hate crimes and discrimination, we can ensure
accountability and protection for victims.

Furthermore, Spain recognizes the importance of addressing structural inequalities that perpetuate
discrimination. Promoting equal opportunities and access to employment, entrepreneurship, and
financial resources can help create a more inclusive society. Spain encourages targeted programs and
affirmative action measures to ensure equal participation in economic activities.

We recognize the role of stereotypes and prejudices in fueling xenophobia. It is essential to address
these biases through public awareness campaigns, media literacy programs, and intercultural education.
Spain acknowledges that xenophobia often intersects with economic concerns. Promoting economic
opportunities for immigrants can help mitigate xenophobic sentiments.

Lastly, the delegate firmly believes in the urgent necessity of the Durban Declaration and Program of
Action and looks forward to having a productive session with all the delegates of such esteemed nations.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INDEX]
 1. GSL SPEECH: -

Thank you chair for the recognition,

Racism, discrimination, and xenophobia are abhorrent acts that occur daily and impede progress for
millions of individuals worldwide. As a nation dedicated to upholding human rights, Spain takes pride in
its commitment to the Durban Declaration and Program of Action. In line with the agenda of this
committee's session, the delegate wishes to highlight some mechanisms for implementing the
declaration.

 As a democratic country and a leader for our citizens, it is our moral obligation to establish
robust legislative measures and comprehensive policies to combat racism and discrimination. By
enacting laws that explicitly criminalize hate crimes and discrimination, we can ensure
accountability and safeguard the well-being of victims.
 Spain acknowledges the significance of addressing structural inequalities that perpetuate
discrimination. By promoting equal opportunities and facilitating access to employment,
entrepreneurship, and financial resources, we can foster a more inclusive society. We encourage
the implementation of targeted programs and affirmative action measures to ensure equal
participation in economic activities.
 We recognize the role of stereotypes and prejudices in fueling xenophobia. It is crucial to
confront these biases through public awareness campaigns, media literacy programs, and
intercultural education. We acknowledge that xenophobia often intersects with economic
concerns, and promoting economic opportunities for immigrants can help alleviate xenophobic
sentiments.

Lastly, the delegate firmly believes in the urgent necessity of the DDPA and looks forward to having a
productive session with all the delegates of such esteemed nations.

{1 minute and 22 seconds}

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INDEX]
 [INDEX]

Potential POIs that could be asked:

1. Spain’s postal service ends its skin color-inspired stamp campaign that made the lightest stamps
the most expensive which was quite racist
 ANS. Yes, we are aware of the “Skin-Colored Stamp Campaign”. We would like to inform
to the committee that the sole purpose of that campaign was to reflect an unjust and
painful reality which should never exist. Thus, it showed that a person would need more
black stamps than white ones for his/her delivery. That way, every letter and every
parcel will reflect the inequality generated by racism in our society. But our motive got
misunderstood by the society and thus we immediately ended this campaign after 3
days of its launch itself.

2. On 24 June, the Spanish and Moroccan authorities used unlawful force and acts which may
amount to torture and other ill-treatment to repress an attempt by a large group of people, all
Black men from Sub-Saharan Africa, to enter and seek protection in Melilla, a Spanish enclave in
northern Morocco.
 ANS. Yes, we are very well aware of the incident that took place on the Melilla border in
June 2022 and solemnly condemn the violence that took place but as a matter of fact,
we would also like to shed light on the fact that the mass-killing of the sub-Saharan
Africans was a result of them attacking our borders with axes and hooks. It was an
attempt to assault our nation’s fence that was evidently carried out in an aggressive way,
and therefore what our country’s state forces were instructed to defend our territorial
borders.

3. In March, the authorities forcibly returned an Algerian national to Algeria without assessing the
risks to his safety there. Mohamed Benhalina, a former military official and whistle-blower, was
imprisoned upon arrival in Algeria and informed that he had been sentenced to death in his
absence.
 ANS. Yes, we are very well aware of the return of an Algerian national back to Algeria by
our authorities. Spanish authorities had rejected his asylum application because of his
alleged involvement in activities “contrary to national security or which may be harmful
for Spain’s relationship with other countries” as he was a former military official and
whistle-blower. So, to be quite clear, this is not a form of xenophobia and rather the
protection of our country’s integrity, peace, and stability.
4. Racism problem after more abuse of Vinícius Júnior.
 ANS. Yes, we are fully aware of the heinous act of racism that emerged in the recent
games of soccer in the Spanish League. Our country has a zero-tolerance policy on
racism and thus our authorities have been investigating this incident as a hate crime and
would like to inform that seven people involved in racist attacks against Real Madrid
forward Vinicius Jr, who had instigated the act, have been punished by Spain's State
Commission against Violence, Racism, Xenophobia, and Intolerance in Sport.
 From the moment that that unfortunate event had occurred, all the available footage
had been analyzed by the club that was also working alongside the authorities as rapidly
as possible to clarify what had happened in order to be able to act quickly and forcefully.

5. Protection of national minorities in Spain.

 ANS. On 25th April, 2022 our country’s lawmakers passed a proposal to amend Spain’s
anti-discrimination laws which includes specific mention of anti-Roma racism. The
proposal will add the term “anti-gypsyism” into the criminal code for the first time and
making discrimination against the Romani community punishable with up to four years
in prison. Taking in mind about the situations and the ECRI’s 2018 report on Spain, we
welcomed these new measures to increase the trust of Romani people in our institutions
and motivate them for increased political participation as we fully believe that these
legislative measures are key elements to ensure that every person can live free and
equal in dignity and rights

6. 26th February 2018, UN REPORTS ON SPAIN ON RACIAL PROFILING OF PEOPLE OF AFRICAN

DESCENT.
 ANS. As rightly said in the DDPA that, “No country can claim to be free of racism, racism
is a global concern, and tackling it requires a universal effort”. No country can fully
abolish racism, but can try its level best to prevent it from happening. With that being
said, we have made countless efforts in eliminating the contemporary forms of racism, a
major example being of the setup of the Spanish Observatory of Racism and
Xenophobia (Observatorio Español del Racismo y la Xenofobia), publishing Law 15/2022
on equal treatment and non-discrimination or modification of the Criminal Code
to include racism as an aggravated circumstance in any crime, leading to a much
harsher sentence and establishment of communication networks with equivalent
international bodies, thus becoming the main partner of ECRI and the European
Agency for Fundamental Rights, maintaining permanent and direct relations with
them, as well as with civil society groups.
[INDEX]

[INDEX]
Substantive Chit Material:

 Spain has made countless efforts in eliminating the contemporary forms of

racism. A major example being-
 The Government of Spain has created the Spanish Observatory of Racism
and Xenophobia (Observatorio Español del Racismo y la Xenofobia), fully
aware that Spain is no exception to contemporary forms of racism.
 The first and primary mission of the Observatorio is to carry out periodic
surveys of the situation of racism and xenophobia in Spain, which involves
the gathering of data, expert analysis and the publication of a detailed
diagnosis of the situation.
 The second objective is the establishment of communication networks with
equivalent international bodies, thus becoming the main Spanish partner of
ECRI and the European Agency for Fundamental Rights, maintaining
permanent and direct relations with them, as well as with civil society.
 A third key task of the Observatorio is to report prior to the adoption of any
legislative act with respect to the fight against racism and xenophobia.
 The Observatorio's ultimate goal is to promote the principle of equality of
treatment for all.

 In the area of tolerance and non-discrimination, besides the establishment of the

Observatorio, there has been a modification of the Criminal Code to include racism
as an aggravated circumstance in any crime, leading to a harsher sentence. Finally,
two new bodies have been established: the Foundation for Pluralism and Tolerance
(Fundación Pluralismo y Convivencia) to promote inter-faith dialogue and the State
Council of the Roma People (Consejo Estatal del Pueblo Gitano), which recognizes
the continuing difficulties of integration that people, established for centuries in Spain,
are still facing.

 Published Law 15/2022 on equal treatment and non-discrimination. The aim of

this Law is to promote the right to equal treatment and non-discrimination and to
respect the equality and dignity of individuals in accordance with the Spanish
Constitution. Along with employment relationships the law also applies to the
political, economic, education, health, cultural and social spheres, among others.
The Law entered into force 14 July 2022.
 The adoption of Royal Decree 7/2018, Spanish law stipulates that all migrants,
regardless of their migration and/or administrative status shall have access to all
the services of the national health system.

 Spain believes in the power of education as a key driver of change. We advocate

for the inclusion of comprehensive educational programs that raise awareness
about racism, discrimination, and intolerance. By fostering a culture of respect
and understanding from an early age, we can lay the foundation for a more
inclusive society.

 Spain recognizes the need for international cooperation to address xenophobia

comprehensively. Building partnerships between countries of origin, transit, and
destination can facilitate dialogue, information sharing, and collaborative
approaches to migration challenges. Spain supports initiatives such as the Global
Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration, which promotes a rights-
based approach and the protection of migrants' human rights.

 Invites Member States, United Nations entities, international and regional

organizations, civil society, including non-governmental organizations, and other
stakeholders to organize and support various high-visibility initiatives, aimed at
effectively increasing awareness at all levels, to commemorate the adoption of
the Durban Declaration and Program of Action;

 Urges to all Governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental

organizations, and individuals, as well as other donors in a position to do so, to
contribute generously to the trust fund, and to that end requests the Secretary-
General to continue to undertake appropriate contacts and initiatives to
encourage contributions;

[INDEX]
NO INFORMATION (POIs) -
1. Bhutan
2. Cuba
3. El Salvador
4. North Korea
5. Ghana
6. Hungary
7. Iceland
8. Japan
9. Kazakhstan
10. Mauritius
11. Mongolia
12. Oman
13. South Korea
14. Rwanda
15. Sudan
16. Syria
17. Thailand
18. Togo
19. United Arab Emirates
20. Uzbekistan
21. Vietnam
22. Yemen

[INDEX]
POIs to be asked to delegates:

1. Afghanistan:
 “Delegate, according to the reports submitted by The Human Rights Office of the High
Commissioner, at the start of the year 2022, 3.8 million people were internally displaced
in Afghanistan, living in precarious circumstances with limited ability to access their
human rights. How would you like to justify this?”
 The Norwegian Refugee Council reported that the Taliban forcibly evicted some of these
internally displaced people from urban areas and forced them to return to their villages of
origin, where they faced extreme poverty and an inability to sustain themselves. How
would you like to justify this?”
 “Delegate, as per the reports submitted by United Nations Human Rights Office of the
High Commissioner for 2022 highlighted attacks on religious and ethnic minorities, some
of them claimed by ISIL-KP [Islamic State- Khorasan Province], have flared up highly,
emboldened by the inability or unwillingness of the Taliban to protect them and ongoing
discrimination. Places of worship, schools and vehicles have repeatedly been attacked.
How can you elaborate on the very same?”
 “Delegate, The Taliban continues to impose discriminatory actions towards the female
community of your country. A major example being of the shutdown of the Ministry of
Women’s Affairs (MoWA) and replacing it with the Ministry for the Propagation of Virtue
and Prevention of Vice, which issued restrictive and abusive decrees on women’s and
girls’ rights. Women who protested against these restrictions were met with unlawful
detention and violence. How would you like to justify this?”.
 “Delegate, women and girls have been facing discrimination in all aspects of their life so
much so as they were increasingly prevented from freely accessing other public spaces
through various measures. The Taliban imposed a dress code, required women to have
a chaperone (mahram) to accompany them in public, and banned women and girls from
public parks. In August, the media reported that 60 women university students were
denied the right to leave Afghanistan because they did not have a mahram. These rules
were arbitrarily and randomly enforced and many women chose not to travel alone as a
result. How would you justify this?”.

2. Algeria:
 “Delegate, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees reported refugees and
migrants traversing land routes to and through the country continued to risk death,
kidnapping, sexual- and gender-based violence, physical abuse, and other violence.
During the year, 130 refugees deported from the country reported cases of violations of
their human rights during their arrest or detention, including physical and verbal abuse.
How would you like to justify this?”.
 “Delegate, on 22nd May 2018 the OHCHR had called on your nation’s Government to
stop collectively expelling thousands of migrants, particularly from sub-Saharan Africa,
saying it violates international human rights law. While some were transferred rapidly to
Niger, others were held in military bases and compounds, which were reported to be
“inhuman and degrading”. Could you elaborate on those reports? Keeping in mind those
remarks, could you provide some measures taken for the prevention of same?”.
 “Delegate, in November 2022, authorities of your country had forcibly transferred over
dozen Syrian men, women and children across the Niger border and left them in the
desert without providing food and water. How would you like to elaborate on this?”.
 “Delegate, the reports submitted by Amnesty International mentioned that The Penal
Code and Family Code continued to unlawfully discriminate women in matters of
inheritance, marriage, divorce, child custody and guardianship. The Penal Code’s
“forgiveness clause” allows rapists to escape sentencing if they obtain a pardon from the
victim and does not explicitly recognize marital rape as a crime. How would you
elaborate on this?”.
 “Delegate, your country’s stance on the LGBTQ community has been quite
discriminatory and rather straightforward, so much so as your country’s Penal Code
continues to criminalize consensual same-sex sexual relations, punishable by two
months to two years in prison and a fine. How would you justify this?”.

3. Argentina:
 “Delegate, the UN Committee of the Elimination of Racial Discrimination on 28th April
2023 reported about the alleged police violence having disproportionate impacts on
indigenous peoples and had also reported the alleged abuse and sexual violence
against indigenous women and girls, particularly in the north of the country, such as the
case of Wichi women and girls in Salta. Thus, urging your country to urgently take
measures for such preventions, which hadn’t been effectively implemented earlier. How
can you elaborate on the very same?”.
 “Delegate, Formosa Province authorities’ stance on the Nivacle minority of your country
has been quite discriminatory towards them as they have denied their pre-colonial
existence and thus refused to issue birth certificates and identity cards to its people,
especially the elderly. According to civil society organizations, about 30% of them
remained without identity documents, violating their right to identity and putting them at
risk of statelessness. How would you justify this?”
 “Delegate, in May, national authorities established a community sponsorship programme
for people fleeing social unrest and natural disasters in Central America, the Caribbean
and Mexico. However, people in need of international protection for other reasons and
from other countries were not included. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, the authorities suspended the relocation of new people in need of
international protection under the community sponsorship programme for Syrians (the
“Syria Programme”). Government authorities failed to pass regulations pursuant to the
refugee law to allow asylum seekers and refugees greater access to basic rights such as
education, work and healthcare. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, the women and LGBTQ community have been facing continued violence and
attacks, both physically and via the means of the internet as well. According to figures
collected by NGOs, during 2022, 233 gender-based killings were recorded, 91% of them
in domestic settings. Despite the public attention given to the fight against gender-based
violence, prosecution rates for sexual violence remained low and only 15.5% of reported
cases resulted in convictions, according to the National Prosecutor’s Office. How would
you justify this?”.
4. Australia:
 “Delegate, Catherine Namakula, who is Chair of the Working Group of Experts on
People of African Descent said that Africans and people of African descent are exposed
to multi-faceted forms of racial discrimination, xenophobia and systemic racism in all
spheres of predominantly ‘white’ Australia after ending their 10 day official visit to your
country in December 2022, so and so that even the experts expressed serious concerns
that , in a multicultural country that professes an inclusive national identity, “people of
African descent face racial profiling, racial slurs, abuse of authority, over policing, under
protection, targeting and violence”. How can you elaborate on that?”.
 “Delegate, the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent found that
Australia’s use of indefinite detention under section 501 of the Migration Act presents
grave human rights concerns, including with respect to due process, prior notice of
collateral consequences, retroactive application and the racialised arbitrary and
subjective nature of its use which is incompatible with international human rights law.
How would you elaborate on that?”.
 “Delegate, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people being overly represented in
adult prison population despite targets to reduce the number of incarcerated first nations
people has raised some serious issues in context to the discrimination of the indigenous
people in your country's territory. And in September 2022, the UN Human Rights
Committee found that Australia’s failure to adequately protect Indigenous Torres Strait
Islanders against impacts from climate change violated their rights to enjoy their culture
and be free from arbitrary interference with their private life, family, and home. How
would you justify this?”
 “Delegate, In March the government accepted New Zealand’s offer to resettle 150
refugees annually for the next three years. However, the practice of indefinite detention
of refugees and asylum seekers offshore in Nauru and Papua New Guinea, and in
Australia, continued. How would you elaborate on that?”.

5. Austria:
 “Delegate, Gender and intersectionality were not sufficiently considered in the provision
of services. Most homeless assistance services, for example, were not gender-specific
but based on the needs and experiences of men. Proposed reforms to the care system
failed to fulfil the rights to fair remuneration and social security of migrant women, who
constituted the vast majority of workers providing care for older people in their homes.
How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, By the end of the year, 28 women had been killed due to gender-based
violence, amid concern that there were insufficient places in women’s shelters. In
September, women’s rights organizations criticized persistent barriers to accessing
affordable and safe abortion services. How would you elaborate on that?’.
 “Delegate, In February, the Styrian Regional Administrative Court ruled that an asylum
seeker from Morocco had been unlawfully returned by the police to Slovenia, noting that
such unlawful actions were a recurrent practice.
 “Delegate, In September, the Ministry of Internal Affairs revealed that within a period of
seven months 5,140 unaccompanied children seeking asylum had disappeared. Many
NGOs and politicians demanded the immediate assignment of a legal guardian to all
 unaccompanied minors on their arrival, rather than only when admitted to the asylum
procedure, which could take several months. How would you elaborate on that?”.
 “Delegate, Law enforcement continued to use facial recognition technology without a
clear legal basis, despite its potentially discriminatory impact on gender and ethnic and
racial minorities, as well as on rights to privacy, freedom of expression and peaceful
assembly. Racial profiling by police persisted and there was still no effective
accountability mechanism. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, according to the 2022 report released by the Civil Courage and Anti-Racism
Work (ZARA), there have been atleast 1,479 racist incidents reported across Austria last
year. More than half of racist incidents, took place online and a total of 167 racist
incidents took place in public spaces. Muslim families and Black people were among
those who faced racist discrimination, insults, or violence. ZARA also documented 85
racist incidents in public institutions, as well as 59 cases of racist violence by the police.
How would you elaborate on that?”
 ZARA (Civil Courage and Anti Racism Work) is a non-governmental organization based
in Austria which prepares annual reports on incidents of racism, these reports are also
published by the European Union on their official website.

6. Bangladesh:
 “Delegate, despite concerns from the international community and human rights groups,
the Bangladeshi government persisted in its plans to relocate at least 100,000 Rohingya
refugees to the remote and flood-prone Bhasan Char Island that has also been phrased
as “An Island Jail” which had made Mr. Filippo Grandi head of the UNHCR voicing
concerns. And after their relocation, Refugees attempting to flee the remote island were
reportedly detained by police, raising doubts as to the voluntary nature of the relocation.
Could you elaborate on this?”
 “Delegate, In July, a mob in Narail district vandalized a Hindu temple, ransacked and set
fire to the homes of several Hindu families alleging that a Facebook post by the son of a
Hindu shop owner had “hurt religious sentiments”. This is not the only time when the
ethnic minorities of your country were faced with discrimination and torture. Affected
residents described having their possessions stolen by groups of people who also
burned down their homes or threatened to start fires and demand for money. How would
you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, between December 2021 and April 2022, the government reportedly shut
down and dismantled about 30 community-led schools. Rohingya refugees alleged that
some schoolteachers were detained by the Armed Police Battalion and released only
after signing a paper confirming that they would stop teaching. In May, the situation
improved when UNICEF reported enrolling 10,000 Rohingya children in the Myanmar
Curriculum Pilot, which sought to provide Rohingya children with education based on the
national curriculum of their home country. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, Marginalized groups from coastal south-western Bangladesh reported their
access to water being severely impeded by not only climate change-induced damage to
water and sanitation infrastructure but also systemic discrimination. For Dalits, this
discrimination was driven by notions of impurity and untouchability. How would you
justify this?”.
7. Belarus:
 “Delegate, Military cemeteries of Polish soldiers were repeatedly vandalized, with no one
held to account. The government arbitrarily barred two schools in western Belarus
(home to a sizable Polish minority) from teaching in Polish and closed a Lithuanian-
language school in Hrodna region. Authorities targeted schools and publishing houses
teaching or publishing in Belarusian, despite its status as an official language, regarding
it as a language of the political opposition. Belarusian bookshops were closed, and
Belarusian-speaking activists, academics and literary and cultural figures and tour
guides faced arbitrary arrest. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, the authorities escalated attacks on some ethnic minorities, including Poles
and Lithuanians, in apparent retaliation against Poland and Lithuania for hosting exiled
opposition activists and criticizing the Belarusian government. Could you elaborate on
this?”.
 “Delegate, the authorities targeted local Christian leaders and activists who spoke out
against police violence during the 2020 protests and Belarus’s role in Russia’s war in
Ukraine. In March, the police searched the homes of several Catholic priests, arbitrarily
detaining one, Aliaksandr Baran, for 10 days and fining another, Vasil Yahorau, for
displaying solidarity with Ukraine. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, the reports submitted by countless non-governmental organizations (Human
rights watch, Amnesty International, even others like Vox, National Public Radio America
etc.) for your country have clearly highlighted about your country’s stance on refugees
and migrants. The authorities continued to force refugees and migrants, including those
from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan, to cross the border into Poland, Lithuania and Latvia.
Migrants also reported inhuman living conditions and incidents of rape and sexual
assault at the Bruzgi migrant holding facility between November 2021 and March 2022.
How would you justify this?”. [ALSO PUBLISHED ON THE US WEBSITE]
 In March, the authorities reportedly evicted refugees and migrants from a makeshift
camp in the village of Bruzgi, leaving nearly 700 people without shelter or support,
including many young children and people with severe illnesses and disabilities. How
would you justify this?”.

8. Belgium:
 “Delegate, Despite being at risk of refoulement, ill-treatment amounting to torture in
detention and unlawful killings, Afghan refugees in Iran faced unreasonable
administrative obstacles accessing protection in Belgium. Several months after refugees
seeking to travel to Belgium had submitted applications for humanitarian visas, the
Belgian authorities announced that applications would only be considered if re-submitted
in Pakistan. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, Studies by the Interfederal Centre for Equal Opportunities (Unia) published in
March and June found structural discrimination against people of African descent in
housing and persistent structural and direct discrimination against non-nationals in the
labour market, leaving a remark that a foreign national or a person with dual nationality
 was more likely to experience acts of violence during arrest, police custody or as a
witness than a Belgian national. How would you elaborate on this?”

9. Bhutan:
 “Delegate, 1999 The United Nations Human Rights rep

10. Brazil:
 “Delegate, on 17th November 2022, the Committee on the Elimination of Racial
Discrimination raised concerns that the number of black men killed by police had
increased in recent years and that the main victims of police violence were black
boys and men aged between 12 and 21. The Committee was also concerned by an
increase in extrajudicial killings and excessive use of force by the police in favellas,
particularly against members of the Afro-Brazilian and LGBTQ communities. How
would you elaborate on that?”.
 “Delegate, in addition to ongoing attacks on Indigenous land in Rondônia state, the
Yanomami Association reported that the presence of illegal mining in the region was
affecting the health of Indigenous peoples. The Association recorded the deaths of nine
children from diseases that could have been treated with adequate access to healthcare
and deaths of at least two children, by illegal miners in the Yanomami indigenous lands
and yet, your government made no action, thus resulting in UN Human rights experts
expressing concerns about such actions. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, The National Association of Transvestites and Transsexuals (ANTRA)
published data in January 2022 showing that at least 140 transgender people were killed
in 2021 and for the 13th consecutive year Brazil was the country with the highest
number of killings of transgender people in the world. How would you elaborate on this
situation?”.
 “Delegate, according to the Forum on Public Safety, 699 women were victims of
feminicide in 2022, 62% of whom were Black. How would you justify in this situation?”.

11. Cambodia:
 “Delegate, The Human Rights Council reported that Despite voting for the UN
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Cambodia continues to forcibly and
illegally evict Indigenous Peoples off their land. Large-scale illegal logging of protected
forests continued resulting in severe consequences for Indigenous peoples whose
livelihoods and culture depended on them. Indigenous activists who opposed, reported
receiving death threats from authorities. How would you justify in this situation?”.

12. Canada:
 “Delegate, In July, the Standing Senate Committee on Human Rights acknowledged the
disproportionate impact of forced and coerced sterilizations on Indigenous women, Black
and racialized women, and people with disabilities. In November, research in Québec
confirmed that Indigenous women suffered forced sterilizations and obstetric violence.
How would you elaborate on this?”.
13. Central African Republic:
 “Delegate, as per the 2017 report submitted by the International Labor Office on the
working conditions of indigenous people in your country, it was reported that they face
severe discrimination which leads to forced and bonded labor with lower earnings as
compared to those of their non- indigenous counterparts for the same work or work of
equal value. They also stated that forced labor, or practices akin to slavery, of
indigenous “Pygmies” is common in your country. Now that we are in 2023, could you
mention some measures taken by your authorities for the prevention of the same?”.
 “Delegate, according to the Gender-Based Violence Information Management System,
between January and September, 17,831 cases of gender-based violence were
registered, more than all cases recorded in 2021. The statistics related only to victims
who agreed to speak, which suggests the actual figures might be far higher. How would
you elaborate on this?”.
 “Delegate, according to the UN Secretary-General’s report on the situation in the Central
African Republic, MINUSCA documented 47 cases of conflict-related sexual violence
between June and October in which it identified 70 victims, including 42 girls aged
between two and 17 years. It attributed responsibility for the crimes to all parties to the
conflict. How would you justify in this situation?”.

14. Chad:
 “Delegate, as per the news reported by Reuters, the Sudanese children living in the
refugee camps in your country are at a high risk of malnutrition and harsh conditions.
Also noting that those who have been there for more than a month still have a lack of
drinking water, food, shelter, and medical assistance so much so that the Sudanese
American Physicians Association [SAPA] reported of being utterly shocked by seeing the
lack of basic assistance to the refugees. How can you elaborate on this?”

15. Chile:
 “Delegate, the authorities continued to use unlawful pre-admissibility practices to deny
people access to refugee status determination procedures. Procedures were lengthy,
lasting between two and four years, and very few individuals were recognized as
refugees. Authorities restarted the immediate expulsion of foreign nationals without
assessing whether they were in need of international protection or the risks they would
face if expelled. How would you justify this?”
 “Delegate, as per countless reports made by civil society groups and news reported by
numerous of news organizations globally, it is quite evident that long standing conflicts
between the government and the Mapuche indigenous community still continues. A
major example being of the incarceration of a Chilean police officer for killing a mapuche
farmer and the imprisonment of a former carabinero colonel after being found guilty in
the killing of a 17-year-old mapuche boy, and that too after almost 2 decades after the
death had taken place signifying that there are cases of mapuche killings that are either
being covered up by police officers or just not being investigated at all [SAID BY INGRID
CONEJEROS WHO IS A MAPUCHE HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDER]. How would you
justify this?”.
 “Delegate, the incarceration of a Chilean police officer for killing a mapuche farmer and
the imprisonment of a former carabinero colonel for killing of a 17-year-old mapuche
boy. These are the recently emerged reports and that too after almost 2 decades after
the deaths had taken place, clearly signifying that these were either being covered up by
 police officers or just not being investigated at all by your state’s authorities. Can you
elaborate on this?”.

16. China:
 “Delegate, on 31st August 2022, the UNHR published a report where the it concluded
that serious human rights violations against the Uyghur and other predominantly Muslim
communities have been committed that constitute international crimes, in particular
crimes against humanity. How can you elaborate on this?”.
 “Delegate, there are footages being circled around from the Yunnan province showing
the Muslims from your nation’s Hui minority clashing with the police after they were
barred entry to a mosque, also being reported that authorities are looking to demolish
part of the mosque. Could you elaborate on this?”.
 “Delegate, Harassment and imprisonment of individuals for practising their religion or
beliefs continued. Religious leaders and practitioners, including those belonging to
house churches, Uyghur imams, Tibetan Buddhist monks and Falun Gong members,
were among those subjected to arbitrary arrest and detention during 2022. How would
you justify in this situation?”.

17. Colombia:
 “Delegate, Authorities stated that 2,477,000 Venezuelans were living in Colombia in
July, 96% of whom had applied for Temporary Protection Status. With Gender-based
violence against Venezuelan refugee women being persisted and Colombian authorities
failing to guarantee Venezuelan women’s rights to a life free from violence and
discrimination. How would you justify this?”. [Published by Amnesty International but
also published on REUTERS webpage]

18. Croatia:
 “Delegate, Police officers caught on camera beating asylum seekers in 2021 were found
to be in minor breach of duty and returned to work in January. In July, the EU-funded
Croatian Independent Border Monitoring Mechanism found no major irregularities in
border operations, but said that border police unlawfully returned potential asylum
seekers to BiH when they found them in the border areas suspected of being mined.
Civil society and rights organizations repeated concerns that the mechanism lacked
independence, a strong mandate and adequate access to the border area. In April, the
European Court of Human Rights, rejecting Croatia’s appeal, made final the 2021 ruling
that Croatia violated the European Convention on Human Rights when it forcibly
returned an Afghan family to Serbia, resulting in six-year-old Madina Hussiny’s death.
How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, on 20th May 2022, According to the authorities, 50% of Roma girls gave birth
to their first child while under age and in response The UN Committee on the Rights of
the Child urged the authorities to ensure better integration of Roma children into
mainstream education and remove barriers that hinder their access to education,
healthcare and social services. So could you elaborate on some measures your country
has taken for the welfare of the Roma community?”.

19. Cuba:
 “

20. Czech Republic:

 “Delegate, on 27th February 2023, the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human
Rights, Mrs Dunja Mijatovic stated that after her 5-day visit to your country, she is
concerned at the persistence of many of the same problems of discrimination and
exclusion that even her predecessors had identified while in office. Also noted that Roma
continues to face discrimination in virtually every area of life, including education,
housing, employment, as well as in their interaction with the police. The Commissioner
also discussed the treatment of Ukrainian Roma, which stands in contrast to that of other
Ukrainian refugees, and which has highlighted the deep-rooted prejudices against Roma
that still exist in Czech society. How can you justify this?”.

21. People Republic of Korea:

 “Delegate, the report of the special rapporteur on the situation of human rights in
your nation has mentioned about the discrimination being faced by persons with
disabilities. It mentioned, that there are reports that they were expelled from
Pyongyang and were isolated in restricted areas or to facilities in other cities and
that children with disabilities are vulnerable to isolation from society. How would
you elaborate on this?”.

22. Denmark:
 “Delegate, as per the article submitted by Reuters, in march 2023 the Danish Refugee
Appeals Board deemed it safe for Syrian refugees to return to Latakia province in the
western part of the country. The appeals board said in a statement that improved
security in the province made it safe for refugees to return. A UN Refugee Agency
spokeswoman called your nation’s decision "concerning" and said the agency did not
consider improvements in the security situation in Syria to be enough "to justify ending
international protection for any group of refugees". Could you elaborate on this?”.
 By 30 November, the Return Agency listed eight Afghan refugees as having had their
residence permits revoked. Also, by the same date, 16 Syrian refugees were listed as
having had their residency permits revoked, with reference to changes in the situation in
their country of origin. On March 17, the Refugee Appeals Board ruled on the first two
cases of two Syrian families from Latakia affected by the new designation of Latakia as
 safe. Immigration authorities had revoked their residence permits on the grounds it was
safe for them to return. The addition of Latakia and Tartous to Denmark’s “safe” list
comes despite reports from Human Rights Watch and Amnesty that returning Syrians
face grave human rights abuses and persecution at the hands of the Syrian authorities
and affiliated militias, including torture, extrajudicial killings, and kidnappings. How would
you justify this?”.

23. Dominican Republic:

 “Delegate, In February, construction began of a wall along the Haitian border, which
Dominican authorities argued will reduce organized crime and irregular immigration.
Human rights organizations indicated it will only exacerbate xenophobia. In May, some
20 civil society organizations protested against what they described as the authorities’
racist treatment of Haitian migrants and asylum seekers and Dominicans of Haitian
descent, especially during detentions and deportations. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, on 10th November 2022, a number of civil society organizations as well as UN
High Commissioner for Human Rights Mr. Volker Turk condemned the collective
expulsions of people, to Haiti by your authorities, amid ongoing complaints of racial
profiling and discrimination against Dominicans of Haitian origin and who are presumed
to be Haitian because of their color. Mr. Vork Turk also stated that your nation’s
authorities should step up the efforts to prevent xenophobia, discrimination and related
forms of intolerance based on national, racial or ethnic origin, or immigration status. How
would you justify this?”.

24. Egypt:
 “Delegate, Authorities of your country have continued to discriminate against Christians
for demanding their right to worship. A major example being of in January 2022, when
security forces of your country had arbitrarily arrested residents of Christian faith over
accusations of “committing a terrorist act” for peacefully protesting against the
authorities’ refusal to rebuild the only church in their village. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, In March, authorities forcibly returned 31 Eritrean nationals to Eritrea,
including women and children, following prolonged arbitrary detention in harsh
conditions without allowing them to challenge their detention or access asylum
procedures. How would you justify in this situation?”.

25. El Salvador: [No Information]

../
26. Finland:
 “Delegate, on 4th February 2019, the UN Human Rights Committee reported that Finland
had violated the rights of representatives to the Sámi parliament by improperly extending
its pool of eligible candidates. The complaint which was submitted by the President of
the Sámi Parliament of Finland and others, they claimed their right to effectively
participate in public affairs was violated by the electoral roll call being extended to 97
new electors. Yet, no action has been taken by your government. How would you justify
this?”.
 “Delegate, In July, amendments to the Border Guard Act enabled the reception of
asylum applications to be centralized at a separately designated crossing point, meaning
that the eastern border with Russia could be closed to asylum seekers. The
amendments included the possibility of building barriers in the border zone and the
government started building a fence along parts of the eastern border. This could
impede asylum seekers’ access to territory to apply for international protection and result
in forced returns in violation of the principle of non-refoulement. How would you
elaborate on this situation?”.
 “Delegate, on 12th October 2022, the UN Child Rights Committee reported of your
country’s failure to repatriate Finnish children who have been held in Syrian camps in
life-threatening conditions for years violated their right to life, as well as their right to be
free from inhuman and degrading treatment. The committee mentioned that Finland has
the responsibility and power to protect the Finnish children in the Syrian camps against
an imminent risk to their lives by taking action to repatriate them, yet your state took no
action. How would you elaborate on this?”.

27. France:
 “Delegate, In December, the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
urged France to redouble its efforts to effectively prevent and combat racist hate speech
due to “persistent and widespread racist and discriminatory discourse against certain
ethnic minorities, in particular Roma, Travelers, Africans, people of African descent,
people of Arab origin and non-citizens.” The Committee also mentioned that most cases
of racial violence were either dismissed or dropped by the courts. Could you elaborate
on the very same?”.
 “Delegate, recent videos have surfaced on social media platforms and on countless
news reporting channels worldwide showing excessive and brutal use of force by your
nation’s police officers on estimated 450 migrants that were protesting infront of the
Louvre Museum in June 2023, to demand housing from the government. How would you
elaborate on that?”.
 “Delegate, In August, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) ruled in two
decisions, R v. France and W v. France, that the government violated the prohibition of
torture and inhuman or degrading treatment (Article 3) by inadequately assessing the
human rights risks in its deportations to Russia of Chechens whose refugee status in
France had been revoked. In December, the ECtHR ruled in M.K. and Others v. France,
that the government had violated the right of access to a court (Article 6) for destitute
asylum seekers, by failing to enforce orders to provide emergency accommodation
issued by the urgent applications judge of the Administrative Court. How would you
justify this?”.
28. Georgia:
 “Delegate, on 24th November 2022, the Committee on the Elimination of Racial
Discrimination said that there was a lack of appropriately trained teachers, as well as
language and cost barriers preventing minority groups from accessing higher education.
Among the ethnic Azerbaijani minority children, the preschool enrolment rate for children
aged three to five years was reportedly 28.8 per cent, compared to 82 per cent for the
population. So, can you elaborate on some measures your nation has taken to support
minorities’ access to quality education at all levels and reduce the large gap in education
outcomes?

29. Germany:
 “Delegate, In May, the Federal Ministry of the Interior noted that xenophobic hate crimes
remained the most common in absolute terms in Germany. A prime example being of a
16-year-old Senegalese refugee was killed by several shots from a machine gun in a
disproportionate police operation in August 2022. How would you elaborate on the very
same?”.
 “Delegate, More than 27,000 of 40,000 people deemed at particular risk due to their
employment or other factors following the 2021 Taliban seizure of power in Afghanistan
had arrived in Germany by the end of the year. In October, the government launched a
humanitarian admission programme aiming to approve admission for 1,000 such at-risk
people and their family members per month. People at risk who had already left
Afghanistan for neighbouring countries were excluded from the programme. The
government outsourced to NGOs the time-consuming task of proposing and registering
individual cases and commissioned an automated algorithm system to score and select
people for admission, prompting concerns over fairness and transparency. How would
you justify this?”.

30. Ghana: [No information]

31. Greece:
 “Delegate, NGOs and journalists continued to report pushbacks and other abuses
against refugees and migrants on land and at sea. In several instances, groups were
stranded in harrowing conditions on islets in the Evros river. In some cases, despite the
European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) ordering interim measures in favour of the
individuals and asking Greece not to remove them, rescue operations by the authorities
were reportedly late, or people were pushed back. How would you like to justify this?”.
 “Delegate, In February the authorities of your nation announced the termination of the
EU-funded ESTIA urban housing scheme for asylum seekers in vulnerable situations
and reduced accommodation places. NGOs expressed concerns that those affected
were transferred from apartments, with little notice, to camps in isolated locations, with
negative implications for their access to essential services. And with such termination,
vulnerable asylum seekers who depended on ESTIA, will lose their homes. How would
you elaborate this?”.
 “Delegate, The appeal trial in the case of the far-right Golden Dawn party commenced in
June. In a landmark verdict in October 2020, the first instance court found, among other
things, that the party’s political leadership had been guilty of running a criminal
 organization whose members had committed a series of violent crimes including against
migrants and refugees. How would you like to justify this?”.
 “Delegate, In October, a 19-year-old woman reported being raped by two police officers
in Omónia police station in Athens. The two officers were charged with group rape and
released on conditional bail. A third officer was charged as an accessory. The
investigation was ongoing at year’s end. How would you elaborate on the same?”.

32. Haiti:
 In October, OHCHR issued a report on the use of rape and other forms of sexual
violence as a weapon by gangs to instill fear and expand their area of influence. As of
mid-March 2023, at least 160,000 people have been internally displaced to escape the
daily danger and are in makeshift settlements, with very limited access to basic services
such as drinking water and sanitation. How would you elaborate on the very same?”.

33. Hungary:
 “Delegate, In May, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) ruled that Hungary
violated the right to privacy of a Roma man when local authorities conducted unlawful
inspections of homes in the town of Gyöngyöspata in 2011. The ECtHR held in July that
Hungary violated the prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment in 2014 when
police handcuffed and beat a Roma man in the town of Encs. The judgment required the
state to pay EUR 19,500 compensation to the victim. How would you justify all these
instances?”.
 “Delegate, The ECtHR issued three judgments against Hungary, in February, June and
August, concerning the illegal and arbitrary detention of asylum seekers in the transit
zone between Serbia and Hungary. How would you elaborate on this?”.
 “Delegate, your country has one of the worst records on refugee protection in Europe. A
prime example being of when The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe
expressed profound concern in September 2022 that – almost three years after the
ECtHR judgment in Ilias and Ahmed v. Hungary where they had found that authorities
failed to meet their obligation to assess the risks of ill-treatment before removing asylum
seekers to Serbia – no steps have been taken towards conducting reassessments of the
presumption of Serbia being termed as a “Safe third country”. How would you justify on
the very same?”.

34. Iceland: [No Information]

35. India:
 “Delegate, Criminal laws were used disproportionately against religious minorities,
particularly Muslims. The police routinely arrested Muslims for allegedly “promoting
enmity between groups” and “outraging religious feelings” for acts including offering
namaz (prayers), conducting legitimate business transactions, consensually marrying
Hindu women and eating beef. In May, July and August, scores of Muslims were either
charged in criminal cases or with administrative penalties for offering namaz in public
spaces and private homes. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, In the states of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala and
Gujarat, public calls were made by some Hindu groups for the economic boycott of
Muslim businesses. On 23 March the minister of law, parliamentary affairs and
legislation in Karnataka state said that non-Hindus cannot engage in any kind of trade
near Hindu temples and institutions. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, hate crimes including violence against Dalits and Adivasis, who are the
indigenous people of your country, were committed with impunity. Throughout the year,
media and news reports demonstrated that the Dalit community, including Dalit children,
faced increasing oppression and violence from members of dominant castes, including
loss of life for exercising their basic rights such as drinking water from a common well.
How would you elaborate on the very same?”.

36. Indonesia:
 “Delegate, on 1st March 2023 the UN Experts expressed concern about Mandalika
project in your country. Alarming reports of alleged human rights violations committed by
police and military forces of your nation – including excessive use of force to evict and
restrict the right to freedom of expression of the Sasak Indigenous Peoples has been
reported by them and they have urged your nation’s government to to ensure that any
actions taken concerning the Mandalika project are not excessive and immediately
provide victims with access to effective remedy. How would you like to elaborate on
that?”.

37. Iran:
 “Delegate, Security forces unlawfully killed scores of unarmed Kurdish cross-border
couriers (kulbars) between the Kurdistan regions of Iran and Iraq and Baluchi fuel
porters (soukhtbar) in Sistan and Baluchestan province. Authorities failed to investigate
the killings and hold those responsible accountable. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, on 22nd October 2019, the UN experts had reported that the ethnic and
religious minorities in Iran face significant challenges to the realisation of their rights.
Also mentioning that human rights activists from ethnic minority communities including
Arab Ahwazis, the Azerbaijani Turks, and the Kurds have been arrested for peacefully
exercising their rights to freedom of expression and assembly to call for their basic
rights. So could you elaborate about some measures that your nation has taken for the
betterment of the minorities in your country now that we are in 2023?”.
 “Delegate, Members of the Baha’i minority were subjected to widespread and systematic
violations for practising their faith, including arbitrary detention, interrogation, torture and
other ill-treatment, and enforced disappearance. Authorities forcibly closed Baha’i
businesses, confiscated dozens of Baha’i properties, demolished their homes and
cemeteries, and banned Baha’is from higher education. In June, an appeal court upheld
a verdict authorizing the confiscation of 18 Baha’i properties in Semnan province. In
August, the authorities bulldozed six Baha’i houses and confiscated more than 20
hectares of land in a village in Mazandaran province, resulting in loss of livelihood. How
would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, Security forces unlawfully fired live ammunition at Afghan men, women and
children attempting to cross the Afghanistan/Iran border, resulting in unlawful killings.
Afghans who managed to enter Iran were arbitrarily detained and subjected to torture
and other ill-treatment before being unlawfully and forcibly returned. How would you
justify this?”.
 “Delegate, Ethnic minorities, including Ahwazi Arabs, Azerbaijani Turks, Baluchis, Kurds
and Turkmen, faced widespread discrimination, and with Persian remained the sole
language of instruction in primary and secondary education, despite repeated calls for
linguistic diversity, curtailing their access to education, employment, adequate housing
and political office. Continued under-investment in minority-populated regions
exacerbated poverty and marginalization. How would you elaborate on the very same?”.

38. Iraq:
 “Delegate, at least 1.2 million people of your nation remained internally displaced,
according to the International Organization for Migration (IOM). After the central Iraqi
authorities’ closure of camps in 2021, some 75% of internally displaced people were left
to fend for themselves by your government. How would you justify this?”.
 In May, clashes between Iraqi forces and a Yezidi faction of the PMU displaced at least
3,000 individuals from Sinjar district, Nineveh governorate, to private settings in Duhok
governorate and camps in the KR-I.
 “Delegate, thousands of internally displaced people faced obstacles for their safe return
to their areas of origin in Anbar, Diyala, Ninewa and Salah Al-Din governorates due to
risks of arbitrary arrest and other harassment by armed actors and security forces. How
would elaborate on that?”.
 “Delegate, the internally displaced children across Anbar, Diyala, Dohuk, Kirkuk, Ninewa
and Salah Al-Din governorates faced major obstacles to accessing formal education due
to the lack of identity documents for children born in territories under Islamic State
control. Thus, violating point 56 under the topic “Program of Action of the World
Conference”, subtopic “Victims of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related
intolerance” which states that States, in accordance with their national law and their
obligations under the relevant international instruments, to take all measures to the
maximum extent of their available resources to guarantee, without any discrimination,
the equal right of all children to the immediate registration of birth, in order to enable
them to exercise their human rights and fundamental freedoms. How would you
elaborate on this?”.

39. Ireland:
 “Delegate, on 23rd September 2022 UNHRC experts raised concerns over the lack of
adequate redress for victims of racial discrimination and systemic racism and had
sent an allegation letter expressing concerns that children of African and Irish
descent were subjected to differential treatment because of their race, color and
descent. How would you justify this?”.

40. Israel:
 “Delegate, on 1st June 2021, A UN human rights expert condemned attacks on the
Palestinian minority of your country by extreme right-wing and vigilante groups, including
settlers – at times with the reported backing of security forces - and had urged the
authorities of your nation to protect all of its citizens fully and equally without
discrimination. So could you elaborate on some measures that your country has taken
for the upliftment of the Palestinian minority of your nation now that we are in 2023?”.
 “Delegate, on 1st June 2021, The United Nations Special Rapporteur on Minority Issues
Mr. Fernand de Varennes said that the reports of extreme right-wing violence and
disproportional use of force by law enforcement officials during protests in recent weeks,
including in Sheikh Jarrah, Damascus Gate and the Al-Aqsa mosque, have led to some
of the worst cases of violence against Palestinian citizens of Israel, thus urging your
nation’s government to firmly condemn all acts of violence, hatred and discrimination
against Palestinian citizens of your country. How would you justify on that?”.
 “Delegate, In February, Amnesty International released a 280-page report showing how
Israel was imposing an institutionalized regime of oppression and domination against the
Palestinian people wherever it exercised control over their rights, fragmenting and
segregating Palestinian citizens of Israel, residents of the OPT and Palestinian refugees
denied the right of return. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, Israeli forces killed 151 Palestinians in the occupied West Bank, including
East Jerusalem, and injured 9,875, according to OCHA-OPT, amid a surge of military
incursions that involved excessive use of force, including unlawful killings and apparent
extrajudicial executions. Defense for Children International-Palestine reported that Israeli
forces or settlers killed 36 Palestinian children across the West Bank and East
Jerusalem. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, Israel welcomed tens of thousands of people fleeing Ukraine and allowed
thousands of Jewish Ukrainians to settle under the 1950 Law of Return, while continuing
to deny Palestinian refugees their right of return. Israel continued to reject asylum
applications of nearly 30,000 African asylum seekers, primarily from Eritrea and Sudan.
How would you elaborate on this?”.
 “Delegate, Government regulations banning some 20,000 asylum seekers from work in
17 Israeli cities unless they seek employment in construction, agriculture, hospitality and
institutional nursing, came into effect in October. How would you elaborate on this?”.

41. Italy:
 “Delegate, In December, the Tribunal of Rome found one Italian Navy official and one
Coastguard official guilty of refusing to authorize a rescue, which contributed to the
deaths of about 268 people, including dozens of children, when a refugee boat was
shipwrecked in October 2013. However, the officials could not be sentenced due to the
statute of limitations. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, reports of labor exploitation of migrant workers continued, with agriculture
one of the sectors where people were most frequently underpaid and made to live in
substandard and dangerous accommodation. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, on 9th February 2023 the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human
rights defenders had condemned your nation for criminalizing activists who were saving
migrants lives at sea. She mentioned that your country has been charging people for
aiding and those include four crew members and a former fishing trawler who saved
some 14,000 migrant lives in the Mediterranean Sea. Expressing her concerns and
stating that “They are being criminalised for their human rights work. Saving lives is not a
crime and solidarity is not smuggling.” How would you elaborate on that?”.
42. Jamaica:
 “Delegate, on 25th November 2022, The Committee on the Elimination of Racial
Discrimination had commended your nation’s efforts to address discrimination in school
activities and its curriculum, but had also expressed concerns over many reports being
received of “colorism” where lighter skinned persons were favored in areas such as
employment. What is your nation’s stance on this?”.
 “Delegate, on 25th November 2022, The Committee on the Elimination of Racial
Discrimination stated that they had received reports that members of the Rastafari
community were subjected to discrimination in housing and employment; and of police
forcibly cutting their dreadlocks while in detention, which were an expression of their
faith. How would you justify this?”.

43. Japan:
 “Delegate, Online advocacy of hatred directed towards ethnic Korean people continued
to proliferate. Disinformation was circulated on social media, erroneously claiming that
ethnic Korean residents of Japan were behind the assassination of former Prime
Minister Shinzo Abe. In August, a man was sentenced to four years in prison for burning
down seven buildings in Kyoto’s ethnic Korean district of Uji. The perpetrator was
allegedly influenced by anti-Korean comments on social medial platforms and admitted
that the purpose of the attack was to make Koreans afraid to live in Japan. How would
you elaborate on this?”.
 “Delegate. In January, two asylum seekers sued the government, claiming that arbitrary
detentions by the country’s immigration authorities violate international law. The two
men, from Iran and Türkiye, were each detained at Japanese immigration facilities for
more than 1,350 days between 2016 and 2020. Both were designated for deportation
and had been repeatedly detained, and received provisional release status for more than
10 years. How would you elaborate on this?”.

44. Kazakhstan: [No information]

45. Kuwait:
 “Delegate, being stated by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child in
2013 for being ‘deeply concerned’ that Bedoon children were deprived of the right to
Kuwaiti nationality. Yet after a decade as well, no significant steps and measures have
been taken by your nation for the community’s welfare. Protests such as hunger strike
done by activists were made in the year 2022 who camped outside a police station in
Sulaibiya for 19 days asking your government for citizenship. Bidoon activists told the
 media that the local authorities told them to disband the camp, or they would forcibly
remove it due to a lack of permits. How would you elaborate on the very same?”.

46. Libya:
 “Delegate, Refugees and migrants were subjected to widespread and systematic human
rights violations and abuses at the hands of state officials, militias and armed groups
with impunity. One of the prime examples being of, the SSA militia arbitrarily detaining
thousands of migrants and refugees in al-Mayah detention centre and subjected them to
beatings, forced labour, rape and other sexual violence, including forced prostitution.
How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, on 11th October 2022, the United Nations Human Rights report mentioned in
detail about the Widespread and systematic human rights violations and abuses against
migrants in your country and that too by your state troops as well. The UNHR report
contains testimony from some of the 65 immigrants interviewed by the UN Human
Rights Office who had recently been returned to The Gambia. Many of them highlighting
that the troops would used to beat migrants like animals and would also take away their
money and clothes. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, Tabu and Tuareg, who are some ethnic minorites in your country, especially
those without national identity cards owing to discriminatory laws and regulations
governing Libyan citizenship, faced discrimination in southern Libya in accessing
essential services, including healthcare and education. Some remained stateless due to
the refusal of Libyan authorities to recognize their Libyan nationality. How would you
justify this?”.

47. Malaysia:
 “Delegate, In July, around 200 Indigenous people in Perak state held a protest at the
state legislative assembly against the government’s failure to protect their customary
land from logging. In October, authorities forcibly relocated over 300 members of an
Indigenous community in Nenggiri, Kelantan state, whose land had been requisitioned
for the construction of a dam, despite their opposition to the project. How would you
justify this?”.
 “Delegate, on 24th February 2021, the United Nations Experts had released a press
release stating that they were appalled by the forced deportation of over 1,086 migrants,
including unaccompanied minors and toddlers by the immigration authorities, despite an
order issued by the Kuala Lumpur High Court to suspend their deportation on the very
same day. The UN experts expressed concern that returnees might be exposed to
serious violations of their human rights upon their return and that too your nation’s
authority had breached the principle of non-refoulement. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate. LGBTI people continued to face systemic persecution and discrimination in
both law and practice. Authorities censored cultural content deemed to have “LGBT
elements”, including in films, resulting in distributors pulling censored films from local
cinemas. In October, police and religious authorities raided a Halloween party in Kuala
Lumpur and detained 20 people overnight, including trans people and performers in
drag, for violating Islamic laws against cross-dressing. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, the harsh treatment of refugees and asylum seekers continued and
allegations of human rights violations in immigration detention facilities persisted. In
 June, a migrants’ rights organization reported that 149 Indonesian nationals died
between January 2021 and June 2022 in immigration detention centres in Sabah state
as a result of ill-treatment and poor conditions. The government denied the allegations
and took no action to investigate them. How would you justify this?”.

48. Maldives:
 “Delegate, as per the reports submitted by the International Labor Organization,
Maldives has the largest proportion of migrant laborers in South Asia, roughly a third of
the resident population. The reports include testimonies from workers who described
paying extortionate fees to employment agents for a secure job, then being sent to
different jobs with much lower salaries, or being left with no work at all. In many cases,
agents or employers confiscated their passports. Migrants often fall victim to “quota
trading,” The UN special rapporteur on torture reported after visit to the Maldives that
“Migrant workers would often have to share collective accommodation with up to 200
other workers, sleeping in shifts in deplorable hygienic conditions.” How would you justify
this?”.
 Migrants often fall victim to “quota trading,” a corrupt practice in which employers who
are able to obtain permission to bring in more workers than they need “trade” them with
others, leaving workers unable to even identify their actual employers and hold them to
account.

49. Mauritius: [No information]

50. Mexico:
 “Delegate, your nation’s National Migration Institute [INM] received approximately 2000
complaints of human rights violations in the year 2022. As per the reports, Alleged
violations included inadequate healthcare, wrongful detention, cruel treatment, and
intimidation. In two instances, your nation’s Human Rights Commission faulted INM
agents for employing excessive force to detain migrants, including using a taser and
hitting a migrant. It also accused agents of quelling protests through violence and poor
treatment, including leaving migrants out under heavy rain, and in another instance,
physically harming migrants in detention center bathrooms. How can you justify this?”
[REUTERS]
 “Delegate, the recent deaths of 39 migrants and asylum seekers at the Ciudad Juarez
immigration detention center had left the entire World at shock and even made the
United Nations Experts condemn the actions that your authorities took. As per the
reports submitted by the UN Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant
Workers and their Families (UNCMW) and the special rapporteur on the human rights of
migrants, the tragic event took place in the custody of State authorities, as the persons
who died and were injured were deprived of their liberty within the framework of the
implementation of migration policy. How would you justify this?”

51. Mongolia:
 “Delegate, as per the reports submitted by Amnesty International, the government of
Mongolia issued mining licenses, especially for coal and other operations, without any
 consultation with the herder communities and thus failed to ensure that the ones
displaced or otherwise affected by such mining operations received any compensation,
accommodation and access to essential services and social protection. How would you
justify this?”
 “Delegate, as per the reports submitted by Amnesty International, the coal and mining
operations in the Gobi region had destroyed grasslands and even contaminated the
groundwater which further resulted into soil erosion, with negative impacts on the health
and livelihoods of herder community. Yet, the government took no action. How can you
justify this?”.

52. Morocco:
 “Delegate, The United Nations expert on racism and human rights have stated about the
lack of comprehensive anti-racism framework that is hindering the enjoyment of human
rights in Morocco and that contrary to recommendations made by a variety of
international and national stakeholders, Morocco has no comprehensive anti-
discrimination legislation or specific law prohibiting racial discrimination. How would you
elaborate on the very same?” [REPORT ON 8TH JULY, 2019]
 “Delegate, On March 12, more than a dozen Moroccan NGOs issued a joint statement
denouncing the racist and hate speech against migrants of sub-Saharan origin in
Morocco and in North Africa. The human rights organizations said they have witnessed a
rise in racist discourses against immigrants both in the real and the virtual public space
in Morocco, that has exacerbated after the controversial remarks of the Tunisian
President Kaïs Saïed accusing Sub-saharan migrants of being a demographic threat to
his country. How would you elaborate on the very same?”.

53. Myanmar:
 “Delegate, I think the entire committee is well aware of your country’s cruelty towards the
Rohingya Muslims. Although it has been around 5 years since the “Rohingya Genocide”,
your country still takes countless cruel and discriminatory operations against the
minority. As per the latest reports, an estimated 130,000 Rohingya and other Muslims
remained in squalid camps in Rakhine State where they have been since 2012.
Rohingya continued to be denied basic rights including access to adequate food,
healthcare, and education. Their freedom of movement was highly restricted and those
travelling outside their designated townships faced arrest and imprisonment for “illegal
movement”. How would you justify this?”. [SOURCE – ALJAZEERA, HUMAN RIGHT
WATCH, AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL AND COUNTLESS OTHERS]
 “Delegate, the internally displaced people lived in deplorable conditions in makeshift
camps and shelters without adequate access to food and water, healthcare, and other
basic services. And the military of your country being cruel as ever, continued to obstruct
access to crucial humanitarian assistance for them. On 17 January, military fighter jets
dropped two bombs on an internally displaced people’s camp in Hpruso township in
Kayah State, killing one man and two young girls and destroying the camp’s kitchen.
How would you justify this?”

54. Nepal:
 “Delegate, Indigenous people, have been evicted from their ancestral lands during the
establishment of national parks and conservation areas by your nation’s authorities, and
thus remained landless and continued to live in informal settlements facing risks of
further forced evictions. How would you justify this?”. [SOURCE – NepalLiveToday,
TheKathmanduPost, Human Rights Watch]
 In June, while firing live ammunition at protesters in Bardiya district, police shot dead an
Indigenous woman, Nabina Tharu, and injured a man who was present there as
protester demanding your government to do more to protect them from wild animals from
a nearby national park. How would you elaborate on the same?”. [SOURCE –
NepalLiveToday, TheKathmanduPost, Human Rights Watch]

55. Netherlands:
 “Delegate, on 2nd September 2022, an assessment made by the Council for Europe was
sent to your nation’s minister for migration and later got published on its website on
Friday. It showed that hundreds of asylum seekers, including unaccompanied minors,
have been sleeping rough outside on the road’s main reception center in the
northeastern Dutch town of Ter Apeljjjjjjjj due to a shortage of shelters. And after the
death of a 3-month-old baby, the Human Rights Commissioner of the Council of Europe
Dunja Mijatovic said that newcomers were not even receiving basic healthcare required
under European law. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, During the year the government made a number of commitments to
safeguard people’s rights when using algorithms in the public sector. This followed
Amnesty International’s 2021 exposure of how the tax authorities had utilized a
discriminatory algorithmic system, disproportionately affecting those from a migrant
background and from low-income households, to detect potential benefit fraud. By the
end of the year, however, no action had been taken to introduce human rights compliant
regulation of algorithms to combat crime or to prohibit the use of nationality and race as
“risk factors”. How would you justify this?”.

56. New Zealand:

 “Delegate, the United Nations Human Rights Council Advisory Committee had submitted
its report for the year 2022, where it noted that recent surveys have found that racism is
prevalent across New Zealand. Experiences of racism are most commonly reported by
Māori, Asian and Pacific peoples. A prime example being of the survey conducted for
gathering everyday experiences of racism among Maori community where they stated
that 93% felt racism had an impact on them on a daily basis and that the media
negatively portrays the maori community most of the time. How would you justify this?”.
 57. Nigeria:
 “Delegate, as per the reports submitted United Nations High commissioner for refugees,
on 10th January 2022, the Borno State Government closed the Stadium IDP camp, which
was hosting 17,287 individuals, bringing the number of camps closed in Maiduguri to six.
And later on in July, it closed four more IDP camps, without any consideration of an
adequate amount of food and basic amenities to be provided to them. And as per
reports, the situation deteriorated further by the decreasing humanitarian assistance and
the directive by the Borno State Government to humanitarians not to give food
assistance to the recently returned IDPs, resulting in acute food insecurity and negative
coping behaviors. How would you justify this?”
 https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/91182

58. Norway:
 “Delegate, on 14th September 2022, the OHCHR released an input report from The
Norwegian Center of Antiracism for the preparation of the report of the UN High
Commissioner for Human Rights pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution where it
was mentioned about incidents of use of excessive force by Norwegian police towards
Africans and people of African descent. A prime example being of in 2021, when a 15-
year-old boy of African descent was subjected to a humiliating full body-search in public
due to suspicion of drug-use. Let alone the search for suspicion of drug-use was
unlawful in itself, but the humiliating way it was conducted in a sexual-demeaning
manner was in itself a breach of several Human Rights including the Child Convention.
How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, In November, the Group of Experts (GREVIO) monitoring the implementation
of the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against
Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention), concluded in its first baseline
report on Norway that not all forms of sexual violence are criminalized as required by the
Convention. It urged the government to amend legislation on sexual violence and rape to
ensure that these offences are firmly rooted in lack of freely given consent. What are
your country’s stance on the very same?”.

59. Oman:
 “Delegate, Oman failed to take steps to end discrimination against women despite civil
society’s increased demands for equal rights for women, including with respect to
marriage, divorce, inheritance, nationality and child custody, and restrictions on
movement and on the type of work allowed. Abortion continued to be criminalized. How
can you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, Authorities continued to use Article 269 of the Penal Code to prosecjuijm ute
people for actions the authorities characterize as hostile to Islam or denigrating of
Islamic values. On 7 June, a court in north Oman convicted two of four people arrested
between 24 July and 2 August 2021 based solely on their online discussions and private
messages on issues related to freedom of thought, religion and atheism. The court
sentenced Maryam al-Nuaimi to three years in prison and Ali al-Ghafri to five years. It
referred the case against Abdullah Hassan to the Specialized Court for review and
acquitted Ghaith al-Shibli. What are your views on the very same?”.
 60. Pakistan:
 “Delegate, Victims, particularly those from lower socio-economic backgrounds, were
unable to access justice. Prime example being of Dalits who were disproportionately
disadvantaged in accessing services, resources and opportunities. Many remained
trapped in bonded labour and were subjected to rape and violence. How would you
justify this?”.
 “Delegate, Ahmadis reported facing continued discrimination. In July 2022, five Ahmadis
were arrested for performing a ritual animal sacrifice at Eid-ul-Adha, an act allowed only
for Muslims. In the same month the Punjab chief minister announced that the Punjab
provincial government would add a mandatory condition that a bride and groom must
swear that the Prophet Muhammad is the final prophet in order to obtain a marriage
certificate, thus discouraging the marriage between Muslims and non-Muslims
(Ahmadis) by trick. How would you justify this?”

61. Philippines:
 “Delegate, the UN Committee of the Elimination of Racial Discrimination on 28th April
2023 expressed deep concern over the reports of enforced disappearances, killings,
violence, threats, harassment, reprisals and, in particular, “red-tagging”, faced by human
rights defenders and leaders of ethno-religious, ethno-linguistic, and indigenous
communities. Can you elaborate on the same?”.
 “Delegate, your country is known for forcing the Manobo-Pulangiyon of Bukidnon to live
in the sidelines of their ancestral land, away from where their tribe can cultivate food,
hunt for survival, or access water sources. The government’s failure to take immediate
action to protect their rights has forced many from the tribe to live in misery. And as per
reports submitted by Amnesty International, in their current living conditions, the very
survival of the Manobo-Pulangiyon tribe is at risk. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, In April, security guards for a private plantation firm fired shots injuring at
least five people during a visit by a presidential candidate to meet with leaders of the
Manobo-Pulangiyon community in Bukidnon province. How would you justify this?”.

62. Poland:
 “Delegate, on 15th February 2022, the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human
rights defenders, Mary Lawlor expressed deep concerns on receiving several reports of
harassments from human rights defenders who assist migrants and document human
rights violations against them at the Polish-Belarusian border. And the torture made on
journalists by the Polish soldiers for filming the human rights situation of migrants at the
borders clearly highlight your state troops’ intention to cover up the brutality being forced
upon the migrants and asylum seekers. Journalists being harassed, stopped and
searched and even handcuffed outside military camps are all the major examples. How
would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, as per the reports submitted by Amnesty International, there have been cruel
and inhumane treatments provided to the refugees and migrants via the Belarusian
border, by your nation’s border guards. Incidents of them using violence and unlawful
force to make them return to their country of origin, and some officials even sedating
those seeking asylum in order to compel them to travel. How would you justify this?”.
63. Portugal:
 “Delegate, during its visit, the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent
found that Portuguese identity continues to be defined by its colonial past. Reports of
racist jokes, racial harassment, and the deployment of negative racial stereotypes in
public comments, still persists. It notes that street names such as Rua Das Pretas (street
of the Blacks) and Rua Poço dos Negros (street of the Pit of the Blacks) are reflective of
the colonial past. So much so that the UN committee of the Elimination of Racial
Discrimination on 28th April 2023 urged your nation to implement measures to improve
their living conditions. How would you elaborate on that?”

64. Qatar:
 “Delegate, Activists reported that six people were arbitrarily arrested by security officials
and tortured and otherwise ill-treated for their sexual orientation. Despite vague
reassurances given by the World Cup organizers that everyone would be welcome in
Qatar, players were threatened with on-field sanctions if they wore pro-LGBTI rights
armbands. Fans had rainbow items confiscated, and a few journalists were harassed for
showing their support of LGBTI people. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, Women continued to face discrimination in law and practice. Under the
guardianship system, women still needed the permission of a male guardian, usually
their husband, father, brother, grandfather or uncle, to marry, study abroad on
government scholarships, work in many government jobs, travel abroad if aged under 25
and access reproductive healthcare. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, on 1st December 2019, the report submitted by the Special Rapporteur on
Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related
Intolerance reported of the racial and ethnic stereotypes operate in both the public and
private sphere, according to which, for example, sub-Saharan African men are
presumed to be unsanitary; sub- Saharan African women are presumed to be sexually
available; and certain South Asian nationalities are presumed unintelligent. North
Americans, Europeans and Australians, on the other hand, are presumed superior, and
whites in general are presumed to be inherently competent. Could you elaborate on
some measures taken by your country to eliminate such practices?”.

65. Republic of Korea (South Korea):

 “Delegate, Disability rights groups carried out a series of demonstrations on the subway
from December 2021 to demand a disability-inclusive budget and promote mobility
rights. The Minister of Economy and Finance ignored the demands of the campaign
groups, stating that a budget for people with disabilities was incompatible with the
purpose of the supplementary budget. How would you elaborate on the very same?”.
 “Delegate, according to the reports submitted by Amnesty International, the public
transport system was still not fully wheelchair accessible 20 years after the publication of
the first plan to guarantee mobility rights for people with disabilities. How would you
justify this?”.

66. Romania:
 “Delegate, the Romanian Roma continued to face discrimination in your country in many
aspects. And as per the reports of The United Nations, an article posted in April 2022 on
the day of the International Roma Day to mark the Romani culture, they have mentioned
that although the living standards in Romania have increased, there are signs of Roma
people living off the grid, in places where social services and utilities are scarce or
nonexistent. Testimonies of Roma people also mention about the ill-treatment being
faced by them from the security officials, such as being beaten for having a false
suspicion on a Roma teenager for shoplifting and falsely accusing her for the same as
well. How would you justify this?”
 “Delegate, the Romanian Roma continued to face widespread poverty, social exclusion
and discrimination, including in education, health, housing and employment. How would
you elaborate on this?”.
 “Delegate, Same-sex marriage and partnership remained unrecognized. Romania
continued to fail to comply with the 2018 European Court of Justice decision on the need
to harmonize national legislation to guarantee freedom of movement and residence for
same-sex couples. How would you justify this?”.

67. Russian Federation:

 “Delegate, the UN Committee on Elimination of Racial Discrimination on 28th April, 2023
expressed concerns of incitement to racial hatred and propagation of racist stereotypes
against ethnic Ukrainians living in your country, and alleged forced mobilization and
conscription, which have disproportionately affected ethnic minorities, including
indigenous peoples. Can you elaborate on the very same?”.
 “Delegate, your country is known for having discrimination against the Jehovah’s
witnesses. In June, the ECtHR ruled that Russia had violated several articles of the
European Convention on Human Rights in relation to the ban on and prosecution of
Jehovah’s Witnesses for practising their faith. The Court held that Russia must stop all
pending criminal proceedings and release Jehovah’s Witnesses who were already
imprisoned. Despite this and two other ECtHR judgments which had been issued in
February, harassment and prosecution of Jehovah’s Witnesses continued, with
sentences ranging from heavy fines to seven years’ imprisonment. How would you justify
this?”.

68. Rwanda: [No information]

69. Saudi Arabia:

 “Delegate, as per the October UN Communication report 2022, your nation’s securities
killed approximately 430 migrants including refugees and asylum seekers, and injured
an estimated 650 others between 1st January and 30th April, 2022 along the migration
route between Al Jawf and Sa'dah regions. Could you elaborate on this?”.
 “Delegate, as per the October UN Communication report 2022, women refugees are at a
high risk of sexual violence at the hands of smugglers and Saudi security forces. Girls as
 young as 13 years old have reportedly been raped by Saudi security forces and pushed
back across the border into Yemen without their clothes. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, your country in march 2022 passed a new Personal Status Law, which came
into effect in June. The new law, which was not previously codified, enables
discrimination against women, including through male guardianship. Only men can be
legal guardians under this law, and women must have a male guardian’s permission to
marry and are then obliged to obey their husband. Moreover, the law does not give
women and men equal rights over matters relating to their children in the event of
separation. While the mother is automatically granted custody, the father is designated
as the child’s legal guardian without due consideration of the best interests of the child.
How would you elaborate on the same?”.
 “Delegate, Saudi Arabian authorities arbitrarily detained Ethiopian men, women and
children for up to 18 months in inhumane conditions and tortured and otherwise ill-
treated them before forcibly returning them to Ethiopia, most of them between April and
May, solely for their irregular immigration status. They were held in overcrowded cells
with inadequate access to food, water, sanitation and healthcare in two detention
centres prior to their deportation. At least 12 men died. How would you justify this?”.

70. Serbia:
 “Delegate, on 21st January 2022, the UN human rights experts raised serious concerns
about the alleged forced labour of a group of approximately 400 Vietnamese migrant
workers, who are reported to be victims of trafficking in Serbia. According to information
received, eight companies, including Vietnamese labour recruitment agencies and
Chinese construction companies registered in Serbia, have allegedly been implicated in
serious human rights abuses against Vietnamese migrant workers. How would you
justify this?”.
 “Delegate, a major discrimination against the migrants of your country was cited when
the Police violently raided unofficial camps in October, led by then interior minister
Aleksandar Vulin, who called migrants “scum” and “bandits”, encouraging anti-migrant
rhetoric and harassment. How can you elaborate on the very same?”.

71. Singapore:
 “Delegate, on 28th April 2023, the UN experts had strongly condemned your nation’s
execution of a 46-year-old Tamil national in your country, who was executed despite
claims that he had not been provided with adequate interpretation during police
interrogations for drug trafficking. The experts mentioned that death penalty can only be
carried out after a legal process with every possible safeguard that ensures a fair trial
and necessary interpretation in all oral proceedings, which your country hadn’t done.
How would you justify this?”.

72. South Africa:

 “Delegate, xenophobic attacks continued throughout the year and led to the killing of a
Zimbabwean national, Elvis Nyathi, in April. He was burned to death in Diepsloot, a
township north of Johannesburg, after he failed to present proof of his identity to
vigilante groups who demanded it. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, An anti-migrant movement, Operation Dudula, had emerged in Gauteng
province in 2021, which is quite a significant area not only in your country but for the
entire african continent financially. It was later launched in other provinces including
Western Cape, KZN and North West. So what measures is your country taking in
terminating such vicious movements?”.

73. Spain

74. Sri Lanka:

 “Delegate, on 2nd March 2022, the UN human rights experts had called for an immediate
moratorium on the use of your nation’s Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA), and had
urged the Government to substantively review and revise the legislation to comply with
international human rights law as they said that there is a grave risk to the rights and
liberties of people who may be detained arbitrarily, especially religious and ethnic
minorities because of this act. What is your country’s stance on this?”.
 “Delegate, Muslim and Tamil minorities remained disproportionately affected by the use
of your country’s prevention of terrorism act that threaten religious freedom and minority
land rights., on which even the UN human rights expert have called for an immediate
moratorium even. In cases where suspects were released on bail, their livelihoods
remained affected by bail conditions which included the freezing of their assets and
restrictions on livelihood-generating activity. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, in March the CEDAW Committee found that the criminalization of consensual
same-sex sexual conduct between women under Section 365A of Sri Lanka’s Penal
Code (1883) violates their right to non-discrimination. The CEDAW Committee called on
the Sri Lankan authorities to decriminalize consensual same-sex sexual conduct
between women. How would you justify this?”.

75. Sudan: [No information]

 “Delegate, the women protesters continued to face sexual assault. According to the UN
Designated Expert, members of the Sudan Joint Security Forces and other armed men
in civilian clothes committed numerous human rights violations, including sexual and
gender-based violence against women and girls who have been at the forefront of
protests against the coup between October 2021 and April 2022. How would you justify
this?”.

76. Sweden:
 “Delegate, your country had made a law on the right to consultation for the Sámi
Indigenous people. However, that law did not adequately incorporate the right to free,
prior and informed consent before the adoption or implementation of measures that may
affect them. A prime example being of in March, when the government granted
concessions to an iron ore mine in Gállok/Kallak in Norrbotten on Sámi reindeer herding
land, despite massive opposition from affected Sámi villages, the Sámi parliament, the
Swedish environmental agency and two UN special rapporteurs. How would you justify
this?”. [REUTERS]
77. Switzerland:
 “Delegate, The UN Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent found
racism to be systemic in Switzerland and remained concerned about the human rights
situation of people of African descent, who experienced significant structural racial
discrimination, and anti-Black racism. They thus recommended an explicit prohibition of
racial profiling, and the creation of civilian, independent complaint mechanisms with
oversight and disciplinary authority over the police in every canton. What is your
country’s stance on it?”.
 “Delegate, In March, the UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities found
that Switzerland had violated the rights of around 1.8 million people with disabilities,
most notably due to the lack of a comprehensive strategy for implementing the
Convention. The Committee recommended ratifying the optional protocol on individual
complaints. What is your country’s stance on the same?”.

78. Syria:
 “Delegate, your country’s security forces had subjected the Syrians who returned home
after seeking refuge abroad to detention, disappearance, and torture, including sexual
violence. How can you justify this?”. [Human Right Watch, Daily Sabah, Amnesty
International, Al Jazeera, Reuters]

79. Thailand:
 “Delegate, as per the reports submitted by Amnesty International Thai authorities
continued to hold indefinitely at least 470 Rohingyas in immigration detention centres.
So and so as they mentioned that the refugees from Myanmar continued to face arrest,
detention and extortion by Thai authorities at the Thailand-Myanmar border. How would
you justify on this?”.

80. Togo: [No information]

81. Turkey:
 “Delegate, In March, three leading women from the Diyarbakır-based Rosa Women’s
Association were taken into police custody and faced baseless prosecution for
“membership of a terrorist organization”. Prosecutors alleged that the association’s
activities for International Women’s Day and the International Day against Violence
Against Women had been undertaken under the instructions of an armed group. How
would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, Politicians, including government officials, regularly used hate speech and
smear campaigns, amplified by certain media, against the LGBTI community.
Discrimination, intimidation and violence were particularly visible during Pride season
when police violently attempted to disperse peaceful marches and detained participants.
How can you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, on 31st August, 2022 the Turkish authorities used unlawful force including
firing live ammunition to summarily return to Iran thousands of Afghans seeking
protection in your country. This included unlawful use of firearms against Afghans trying
to cross, sometimes resulting in deaths or injuries. How can you justify this?”.

82. Ukraine:
 “Delegate on 3rd March, 2022 the UN Working Group of Experts on People of African
Descent, and other UN experts noted with serious concern about the ongoing reports
about them and racial and ethnic minorities being subjected to discriminatory
treatment as they flee Ukraine. They mentioned about the reports indicating the deny
or delayed freedom of movement to people of African descent until all white migrants
and asylum seeker have been accommodated in Ukrainian trains, buses as well as
borders themselves. How would you justify this?”.

83. United Arab Emirates:

 “Delegate, your country’s authorities continued to deny members of the UAE’s native-
born stateless population, who have ancestral origins in East Africa, South Asia and the
Arabian Peninsula, the state-paid healthcare and education provided to nationals.
Stateless Emiratis must pay to receive education and healthcare through the private
market. How would you justify this?”.

84. United Kingdom:

 “Delegate on 27th January 2023, the UN Working Group of Experts on People of African
Descent said in a statement that they have serious concerns about impunity and the
failure to address racial disparities in the criminal justice system, deaths in police
custody, ‘and the dehumanizing nature of the stop and (strip) search of people of African
descent, concluding that racism in the UK is structural, institutional and systemic. How
would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, your country has witnessed a series of scandals about institutional racism
and misogyny in the Metropolitan Police occurred throughout the year. In March reports
emerged of an incident in 2020 when a 15-year-old Black girl was strip searched by two
police officers while at school. Subsequent investigations revealed that, over a two-year
period, 650 children had been strip searched by the Metropolitan Police, 58% of them
Black. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, The Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act was passed in April and
further entrenched racist policing. It included an expansion of stop-and-search powers
and the targeting of the Roma and Traveller communities via new measures to curb
unauthorized encampments and trespass. How would you justify this?”.
85. United States:
 “Delegate, your country has witnessed quite a number of instances when discrimination
on Indigenous women took place. As per the amnesty reports, they continued to
experience disproportionately high levels of rape and sexual violence and lacked access
to basic post-rape care, while also experiencing high rates of disappearances and
killings. The exact number of Indigenous women victims of violence or who went missing
remained unknown as the US government did not collect data or adequately coordinate
with tribal governments. How would you elaborate on this?”.
 “Delegate, the UN experts on 25th October 2021, condemned collectively of your
country’s authorities subjecting the Haitian asylum seekers to arbitrary detention and
discriminatory and humiliating ill-treatment that amounted to race- and migration-related
torture, rooted in systemic anti-Black discrimination. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, according to the reports submitted by the UN Experts in 2021, and according
to the information received by them, your nation’s policies have also deterred Haitians
from pursuing protection including asylum claims and forced them to return to other
countries, where they face an atmosphere of racial discrimination, gender violence and
xenophobic violence. How would you justify on the very same?”.
 “Delegate, the CERD Committee on 30th August 2022, expressed concern over the use
of excessive or deadly force by law enforcement officials against racial and ethnic
minorities, and the continued impunity for abuses by Police and Customs and Border
Protection officers. How would you justify this?”.

86. Uzbekistan:
 “Delegate, Some 30 men remained imprisoned for consensual sexual relations between
men. The CESCR urged the authorities to decriminalize such relations and remained
deeply concerned at “the prevalence of intimidation, harassment, violence and stigma
against LGBTI people”. How would you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, Gender stereotypes and an emphasis on discriminatory traditional family
values and cultural norms continued to significantly hinder progress in the realization of
the rights of women, girls and LGBTI people. A prime example being on 11 November, a
court in Tashkent imposed five days’ administrative detention on blogger Sevinch
Sadullayeva after she posted videos and photos that allegedly showed her flouting social
and cultural norms of behaviour and dress for women. She was released a day early
after promising to delete all the material. How would you justify this?”.

87. Venezuela:
 “Delegate, as per the reports submitted by UN Human Rights Council for the year
2021, The mining projects have been developed without the Free, Prior and
Informed Consent of Indigenous Peoples. The State’s support for and
 development of extractive industries, along with a lack of response to threats
faced by the Indigenous communities, has halted the demarcation of Indigenous
lands, led to invasion of the territories of recognized Indigenous territories,
exposed Indigenous Peoples to disease, and caused severe environmental
destruction which threatens access to water, food security, and livelihoods of
Indigenous Peoples. How would you justify this?”
 “Delegate, there have been cases of illegal mining in the Orinoco Mining Arc area
which seriously affected human rights in Bolívar State, in particular impacting
Indigenous peoples’ rights to self-determination and a healthy environment. It
was also reported of the collusion of some state authorities with criminal groups,
but resulted in the failure to investigate and punish those responsible. And those
who opposed to this, were treated inhumanely by the armed groups. A prime
example being of the killing of a Venezuelan indigenous leader who had opposed
the illegal mining. How would you justify this?”. [REUTERS]
 “Delegate, In June, Virgilio Trujillo, an Indigenous leader and defender of the
territory, land and environment, was shot dead in the city of Puerto Ayacucho,
the Amazonas State capital. No progress was known to have been made in the
investigation into his death during the year. How would you elaborate on that?”

88. Vietnam: [No information]

89. Yemen:
 “Delegate, your country has countlessly discriminated the LGBTQ people’s rights. The
security forces of the Southern Transitional Council (STC), the Huthis and the
internationally recognized government continued to target them with arbitrary arrest,
torture, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, threats and harassment. A
prime example being when the Security Belt forces arrested a third-gender person in the
street, took him to an official facility where a member of the Security Belt forces beat and
raped him. How can you justify this?”.
 “Delegate, A queer man was arrested in the street by Huthi security forces for being a
“sexual deviant”. Huthi security forces detained him for several hours in a military vehicle
and only released him on condition that he agree to assist in their surveillance of people
with non-conforming SOGIESC. Later when he refused to do this, they threatened him
and told him that he was wanted for arrest. How would you justify this?”.

90. Zimbabwe:
 “Delegate, on 30th August 2022, the CERD Committee expressed deep concerns that
legislation to prevent discrimination does not explicitly cover the informal sector and
domestic work, which are dominated by Black women who face low wages, poor working
 conditions and racist, dehumanizing treatment. It thus had urged your nation’s
authorities to take measures to address discrimination on the intersecting grounds of
race, class and gender in all areas of employment. How would you elaborate on this?”.

[INDEX]

References
 The Durban Declaration and Program of Action (DDPA) focused attention on the issue of
multiple, or aggravated, forms of discrimination, which are most significantly experienced by
female members of discriminated groups, but which are also suffered by persons with
disabilities, persons affected by HIV/AIDS, children, and the elderly, among others. These are
often among the most vulnerable members of society, and are at greater risk of economic
hardship, exclusion, and violence; discrimination against them is often compounded.

 In the table of contents, under the topic “Declaration of the World Conference” subtopic
“Victims of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance” point no –
 36 – Recognizing that in many parts of the world, Asians, and people of Asian
descent face barriers as a result of social discrimination prevailing in public and
private institutions. Thus expressing commitment to work towards the eradication
of all forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance
faced by Asians and people of Asian descent [ASIANS FACING DISCRIMINATION]

 39 – Recognizing that the indigenous peoples have been victims of discrimination

for centuries and affirm that they are free and equal in dignity and rights and
should not suffer any discrimination, particularly on the basis of their indigenous
origin and identity, and we stress the continuing need for action to overcome the
persistent racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance that
affect them [INDIGENOUS PEOPLE FACING DISCRIMINATION]

 43 – Recognizing the special relationship that indigenous peoples have with the
land as the basis for their spiritual, physical and cultural existence and encourage
States, wherever possible, to ensure that indigenous peoples are able to retain
ownership of their lands and of those natural resources to which they are entitled
under domestic law [INDEGENOUS PEOPLE WITH THEIR LINK TO LAND]

 51 – Reaffirming the necessity of eliminating racial discrimination against

migrants, including migrant workers, in relation to issues such as employment,
social services, including education and health, as well as access to justice, and
that their treatment must be in accordance with international human rights
instruments, free from racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related
intolerance [MIGRANT FACING DISCRIMINATION IN CONTEXT TO WORK]

 55 – Affirming commitment to respect and implement humanitarian obligations

relating to the protection of refugees, asylum-seekers, returnees and internally
 displaced persons, and note in this regard the importance of international
solidarity, burden-sharing and international cooperation to share responsibility for
the protection of refugees [INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE]

 59 – Recognizing with deep concern religious intolerance against certain religious

communities, as well as the emergence of hostile acts and violence against such
communities because of their religious beliefs and their racial or ethnic origin in
various parts of the world, which in particular limit their right to freely practice
their belief [RELIGIOUS ETHNIC GROUPS]

 65 – Recognizing the right of refugees to return voluntarily to their homes and

properties in dignity and safety, and urge all States to facilitate such return
[REFUGEES RETURNING BACK TO THEIR COUNTRY]

 In the table of contents, under the topic “Program of Action of the World Conference”, subtopic
“Victims of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance”
 54 (a) - To recognize that sexual violence which has been systematically used as a
weapon of war, sometimes with the acquiescence or at the instigation of the State,
is a serious violation of international humanitarian law that, in defined
circumstances, constitutes a crime against humanity and/or a war crime, and that
the intersection of discrimination on grounds of race and gender makes women
and girls particularly vulnerable to this type of violence, which is often related to
racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;
[SEXUAL VIOLENCE]

 56 - Urges States, in accordance with their national law and their obligations
under the relevant international instruments, to take all measures to the
maximum extent of their available resources to guarantee, without any
discrimination, the equal right of all children to the immediate registration of birth,
in order to enable them to exercise their human rights and fundamental freedoms.
States shall grant women equal rights with men with respect to nationality.
[CHILDREN HAVING NO IDENTITY]

 57 - Urges States and international and regional organizations, and encourages

non-governmental organizations and the private sector, to address the situation of
persons with disabilities who are also subject to racism, racial discrimination,
xenophobia and related intolerance; also urges States to take necessary measures
to ensure their full enjoyment of all human rights and to facilitate their full
 integration into all fields of life;
[PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES]

https://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?OpenAgent&DS=A/77/549&Lang=E

[INDEX]
MOD Speeches

A. Deliberation on brutality and discrimination against indigenous people and other related
intolerance.

Thank you chair for the recognition,

Delegates, it is an unfortunate reality within our society that indigenous peoples have endured centuries
of brutality and discrimination, with their history being marred by immense suffering.

The ones, who are often called as the original inhabitants of lands, are being subjected to various forms
of discriminations, and the delegate would like to mention few –

1. Violence and brutality - Indigenous peoples continue to endure high levels of violence
and brutality, often perpetrated by state authorities, or even the citizens of their nation.
This includes physical and sexual violence, forced evictions and extrajudicial killings. Such
acts of violence are fueled by discrimination, land disputes, resource extraction, and the
absence of adequate protection mechanisms.
2. Land Rights - The right to land ownership and control over natural resources is
frequently disregarded, leading to forced displacement, environmental degradation, and
loss of cultural identity.
3. Lack of Recognition and Consultation - Indigenous peoples often face lack of rights to
self-determination and self-governance. And in countries such as Venezuela and Sweden
where there have been reports of “Free, Prior, and Informed consent” of indigenous
peoples being disregarded in decision-making processes regarding projects affecting
their lands and resources, it all contributes to lack of recognition.

In conclusion, the discrimination faced by indigenous people is a critical issue that demands our
attention and action. We urge nations to take immediate steps for the prevention of such heinous acts.

Thank you.
 B. Discussion on discrimination on the basis of religious ethnicity with special emphasis on
minorities.

Thank you chair for the recognition,

In a world that celebrates progress, it is disheartening to witness the ongoing discrimination faced by
individuals based on their religious beliefs and ethnic backgrounds, especially of minorities. These
minorities encounter various forms of discrimination, some of them being -

1. Hate crimes – These are fueled by religious or ethnic prejudice. These crimes subject
them to violence, harassment, and intimidation solely because of their religious or
ethnic identities.
2. Educational barriers - Additionally, minority students face educational barriers such as
limited resources, cultural insensitivity, and prejudice from all, hindering their
educational success and future prospects. Such forms can be found in countries such as
Croatia and Iran, where the minorities have reported having lack of educational services.
3. Lack of Healthcare Services - Furthermore, individuals from minority religious or ethnic
backgrounds may encounter obstacles in accessing quality healthcare services due to
discrimination, language barriers, and a lack of culturally sensitive healthcare facilities.

In conclusion, the delegate urges that we must actively address and dismantle these discriminatory
practices, ensuring equal opportunities and rights for all, irrespective of their religious beliefs or ethnic
origins.

Thank you
C. Deliberation on the condition of Victims of Racial Discrimination and xenophobia

Thank you chair for the recognition,

Racial discrimination and xenophobia are abhorrent acts that hinder societal progress by
denying individuals their inherent right to be treated with dignity and respect. It is crucial to
examine the effects of such acts on the victims:

1. Social exclusion: It arises from racial discrimination and xenophobia, causing victims to
feel isolated and alienated. They face stereotypes, and prejudices, leading to a sense of
not belonging.

2. Physical and verbal abuse: In severe instances, victims may face physical violence, hate
crimes, or hate speech based on their race or ethnicity. Nations such as Portugal and
Qatar, where there have been reports of verbal abuse, racial slurs, and derogatory
remarks contribute to a hostile environment perpetuating discrimination.

3. Impact on mental health: Racial discrimination and xenophobia frequently lead to higher
rates of mental health issues among victims, such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD.
Limited access to culturally sensitive mental health services further compounds the
challenges faced by these individuals.

In conclusion, the delegate of Spain emphasizes the importance of working towards a society
where every individual is valued, respected, and provided with equal opportunities, regardless of
their race or background.

Thank you
D. Examining the role of media and popular culture in shaping perceptions of race and ethnicity,
and how these perceptions contribute to racism and xenophobia.

Thank you chair for the recognition,

In today's interconnected world, information flows seamlessly, shaping our understanding of the
world through the influence of media and pop culture. However, this influential power can
sometimes be wielded in a misleading way. Media's tendency to perpetuate stereotypes, distort
reality, and present stories from different angles has contributed to the formation of a fractured
society, where racism and xenophobia thrive.

Regrettably, individuals of African descent and other ethnic minorities often bear the brunt of
negative portrayals, resulting in the internalization of unfavorable self-images within the minds of
audiences and the reinforcement of prejudices. Frequently, the media depicts a disproportionate
number of criminals as people of color, showcasing them being apprehended by white law
enforcement officers.

Such consistent portrayal of people of color as criminals, terrorists, or exotic others not only
perpetuates harmful stereotypes but also fosters an atmosphere of fear and suspicion.

However, we must not lay the blame solely on media and pop culture. As consumers, it is our
responsibility to demand change, reject detrimental narratives, and work towards building a society
that embraces diversity and firmly opposes racism, xenophobia and other related intolerances.

Thank you
Delegates, it is an unfortunate reality within our society that indigenous peoples have endured centuries
of brutality and discrimination, with their history being marred by immense suffering.

They are being subjected to various forms of discriminations, such as to endure high levels of violence
and brutality, often perpetrated by state authorities, or even the citizens of their nation. This includes
physical and sexual violence, forced evictions and extrajudicial killings.

The right to land ownership and control over natural resources is frequently disregarded, leading to
forced displacement, and loss of cultural identity.

And in countries such as Venezuela where there have been reports of “Free, Prior, and Informed
consent” of indigenous peoples being disregarded in decision-making processes regarding projects
affecting their lands and resources, it all contributes to lack of recognition.

To tackle such issues, it is essential for states to-

Ensure that the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples serves as a key framework in the
planning and implementation of programmes in their nations and

Develop policies in line with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples to adequately
protect them from misappropriation of traditional knowledge.

In conclusion, the discrimination faced by indigenous people is a critical issue that demands our
attention and action. We urge nations to take immediate steps for the prevention of such heinous acts.
E. Discussion on discrimination on the basis of religious ethnicity with special emphasis on
minorities.

Thank you chair for the recognition,

In a world that embraces progress, it is disheartening to acknowledge the persistence of

discrimination, particularly directed towards religious minorities who are already marginalized.

The Durban Declaration and Program of Action, mentions about the issue of religious intolerance
against certain religious communities, as well as the emergence of hostile acts and violence against
such communities because of their religious beliefs.

The lack of uniformity in addressing this issue is concerning. Hate crimes against religious or ethnic
minorities are a significant concern. We must establish and enforce strong legal frameworks to
prevent and address these crimes effectively.

Religious and ethnic minorities frequently face exclusion from positions of political power, leading to
limited representation in legislative bodies, government roles, and decision-making processes. This
undermines their ability to influence policies that directly impact their communities.

Cultural discrimination suppresses the cultural expressions of religious and ethnic minorities,
including restrictions on practices and attire, and stigmatization of cultural celebrations.
Implementing community engagement programs, encouraging dialogue and collaboration, and
providing cultural sensitivity training are some mechanisms for the prevention of same.
1. Afghanistan –
 “Delegate, according to the reports submitted by The Human Rights Office of the High
Commissioner, at the start of the year 2022, 3.8 million people were internally displaced
in Afghanistan, living in precarious circumstances with limited ability to access basic
necessities and even their human rights. How would you like to justify this?”
 “Delegate, as per the reports submitted by United Nations Human Rights Office of the
High Commissioner for 2022 highlighted attacks on religious and ethnic minorities, some
of them claimed by ISIL-KP [Islamic State- Khorasan Province], have flared up highly,
emboldened by the inability or unwillingness of the Taliban to protect them and ongoing
discrimination. Places of worship, schools and vehicles have repeatedly been attacked.
How can you elaborate on the very same?”

2. Norway –
 “Delegate, on 14th September 2022, the OHCHR released an input report from The
Norwegian Center of Antiracism for the preparation of the report of the UN High
Commissioner for Human Rights pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution where
it was mentioned about incidents of use of excessive force by Norwegian police
towards Africans and people of African descent. A prime example being of in 2021,
when a 15-year-old boy of African descent was subjected to a humiliating full body-
search in public due to suspicion of drug-use. Let alone the search for suspicion of
drug-use was unlawful in itself, but the humiliating way it was conducted in a sexual-
demeaning manner was in itself a breach of several Human Rights including the
Child Convention. How would you justify this?
3. Argentina –
 “Delegate, the UN Committee of the Elimination of Racial Discrimination on 28th
April 2023 reported about the alleged police violence having disproportionate
impacts on indigenous peoples and had also reported the alleged abuse and
sexual violence against indigenous women and girls,

 “Delegate, the UN Committee of the Elimination of Racial Discrimination on 28th April

2023 reported about the alleged police violence having disproportionate impacts on
indigenous peoples and had also reported the alleged abuse and sexual violence
against indigenous women and girls, Thus, urging your country to urgently take
measures for such preventions, which hadn’t been effectively implemented earlier. How
can you elaborate on the very same?”.

4. Ireland –
 “Delegate, on 23rd September 2022 UNHRC experts raised concerns over the lack of
adequate redress for victims of racial discrimination and systemic racism in your
country and had sent an allegation letter expressing concerns that children of
African and Irish descent were subjected to differential treatment because of their
race, color and descent. How would you justify this?”.
5. Syria –

6. China –
 “Delegate, on 31st August 2022, the UNHR published a report where it concluded
that serious human rights violations against the Uyghur and other predominantly
Muslim communities have been committed that constitute international crimes, in
particular crimes against humanity. How can you elaborate on this?”.
7. Sudan –

8. Russia –

9. Algeria –
 “Delegate, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees reported refugees
and migrants traversing land routes to and through the country continued to risk
death, kidnapping, sexual- and gender-based violence, physical abuse, and other
violence. During the year, 130 refugees deported from the country reported cases of
violations of their human rights during their arrest or detention, including physical and
verbal abuse. How would you like to justify this?”.
 “Delegate, on 22nd May 2018 the OHCHR had called on your nation’s Government to
stop collectively expelling thousands of migrants, particularly from sub-Saharan
Africa, saying it violates international human rights law. While some were transferred
rapidly to Niger, others were held in military bases and compounds, which were
reported to be “inhuman and degrading”. Could you elaborate on those reports?
Keeping in mind those remarks, could you provide some measures taken for the
prevention of same?”.

10. Cuba –
11. USA –
 “Delegate, according to the reports submitted by the UN Experts in 2021, and
according to the information received by them, your nation’s policies have also
deterred Haitians from pursuing protection including asylum claims and forced
them to return to other countries, where they face an atmosphere of racial
discrimination, gender violence and xenophobic violence. How would you justify
on the very same?”.
 “Delegate, the UN experts on 25th October 2021, condemned collectively of your
country’s authorities subjecting the Haitian asylum seekers to arbitrary detention
and discriminatory and humiliating ill-treatment that amounted to race- and
migration-related torture, rooted in systemic anti-Black discrimination. How would
you justify this?”.

12. Germany –
 “Delegate, In 2022, the Federal Ministry of the Interior noted that xenophobic
hate crimes remained the most common in absolute terms in Germany. A prime
example being of a 16-year-old Senegalese refugee was killed in a
 disproportionate police operation in August 2022. How would you elaborate on
the very same?”.

13. South Africa –

 “Delegate, an anti-migrant movement, Operation Dudula, had emerged in
Gauteng province in 2021, which is quite a significant area not only in your
country but for the entire African continent. It was later launched in other
provinces including Western Cape, KZN and Northwest. So what measures is
your country taking in terminating such vicious movements?”.

14. Mexico –
 “Delegate, the recent deaths of 39 migrants and asylum seekers in an Ciudad
Juarez immigration detention center in your country had left the entire World at
shock and even made the United Nations Experts condemn the actions that your
authorities took. As per the reports submitted by the UN Committee on the
Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and their Families (UNCMW) and
the special rapporteur on the human rights of migrants, the tragic event took
place in the custody of State authorities, as the persons who died and were
injured were deprived of their liberty within the framework of the implementation
of migration policy. How would you justify this?”
 “Delegate, your nation’s National Migration Institute [INM] received approximately
2000 complaints of human rights violations in the year 2022. As per the reports,
Alleged violations included inadequate healthcare, wrongful detention, cruel
treatment, and intimidation. In two instances, your nation’s Human Rights
Commission faulted INM agents for employing excessive force to detain
migrants, including using a taser and hitting a migrant. It also accused agents of
quelling protests through violence and poor treatment, including leaving migrants
out under heavy rain, and in another instance, physically harming migrants in
detention center bathrooms. How can you justify this?”

15. Australia –
 “Delegate, the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent said that Africans
and people of African descent are exposed to multi-faceted forms of racial
discrimination, xenophobia and systemic racism in all spheres of predominantly ‘white’
Australia. Even the experts expressed serious concerns that “people of African descent
face racial profiling, racial slurs, abuse of authority, over policing, under protection,
targeting and violence”. How can you elaborate on that?”.

16. India –

17. Poland –
 “Delegate, on 15th February 2022, the Special Rapporteur on the situation of
human rights defenders, Mary Lawlor expressed deep concerns on receiving
several reports of harassments from human rights defenders who assist migrants
and document human rights violations against them at the Polish-Belarusian
 border. And the torture made on journalists by the Polish soldiers for filming the
human rights situation of migrants at the borders clearly highlight your state
troops’ intention to cover up the brutality being forced upon the migrants and
asylum seekers. Journalists being harassed, stopped and searched and even
handcuffed outside military camps are all the major examples. How would you
justify this?”.

18. Serbia –
 “Delegate, on 21st January 2022, the UN human rights experts raised serious
concerns about the alleged forced labour of a group of approximately 400
Vietnamese migrant workers, who are reported to be victims of trafficking in
Serbia. According to information received, eight companies, including
Vietnamese labour recruitment agencies and Chinese construction companies
registered in Serbia, have allegedly been implicated in serious human rights
abuses against Vietnamese migrant workers. How would you justify this?”.

19. Qatar –
 “Delegate, on 1st December 2019, the report submitted by the Special Rapporteur
on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and
Related Intolerance reported of the racial and ethnic stereotypes operating in
both the public and private sphere, according to which, for example, sub-Saharan
African men are presumed to be unsanitary; sub- Saharan African women are
presumed to be sexually available; and certain South Asian nationalities are
presumed unintelligent. North Americans, Europeans and Australians, on the
other hand, are presumed superior, and whites in general are presumed to be
inherently competent. Could you elaborate on some measures taken by your
country to eliminate such practices?”.

20. Iraq –
 “Delegate, at least 1.2 million people of your nation remained internally
displaced, according to the International Organization for Migration (IOM). After
the central Iraqi authorities’ closure of camps in 2021, some 75% of internally
displaced people were left to fend for themselves by your government. How
would you justify this?”.
 Spain acknowledges the significance of emphasizing the importance of implementing the DDPA
addressing a wide range of forms of discrimination and human rights abuses. Thus, in line with the
agenda of this committee , the delegate wishes to address some key solutions for the
implementation –

1. Encouraging members states to adopt comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation that

aligns with the principles and objectives of the DDPA, providing clear definitions of
discrimination, legal remedies for victims, and mechanisms for holding perpetrators
accountable. Also encouraging States to assess systemic racism's scope and effects
adopting comprehensive legal, policy, and institutional measures.

1. periodic reviews of the DDPA’s implementation progress, including holding conferences

and consultations, to assess achievements, identify challenges, and propose strategies
for overcoming obstacles, both on national and international levels, thereby ensuring its
relevance and effectiveness, to be conducted.

And lastly, calling upon all States to review and, where necessary, revise any immigration
policies which are inconsistent with international human rights instruments, with a view to
eliminating all discriminatory policies and practices against migrants, including Asians and
people of Asian descent.