1.

5:

Electromagnetic Field

EM-Ch1_5 1

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 a) Field :
FIELD is a description of how a physical quantity varies from
one point to another in the region of the field (and with time).

EM-Ch1_5 2

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 b) Electromagnetic Field :
™ Tröôøng Ñieän töø: 1 daïng vaät chaát , toàn taïi xung quanh caùc
vaät mang ñieän tích ñöùng yeân hay chuyeån ñoäng.

™ Tröôøng Ñieän & Tröôøng Töø : 2 maët ñöôïc phaân chia cuûa
Tröôøng ñieän töø.

Ñöùng yeân- > tröôøng ñieän.

™ Ñieän tích
Chuyeån ñoäng- >tröôøng töø.

™ Static Fields : Fields not varying with time.

™ Dynamic Fields : Fields varying with time.

Ex: Temperature in a room, T(x, y, z; t)
EM-Ch1_5 3

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 c) Electric Field:
™Electric Field Intensity E :

ƒ Moät ñieän tích ñieåm ñaët Fe

Electric field line
beân caïnh vaät mang ñieän ,
chòu taùc duïng moät löïc . E
VaätMÑ q>0

¾ Ta noùi beân ngoaøi vaät mang ñieän toàn taïi moät tröôøng
ñieän , ñaëc tröng bôûi :

ƒ Electric Field Intensity = löïc ñieän / ñvò ñieän tích .

→
→ Fe
E = lim [V / m]
q→0 q

EM-Ch1_5 4

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 ™ Electric Flux Density D :
→ →
Moâi tröôøng chaân khoâng : D = ε0 E [C / m ]
2
ƒ
1
10 [ F / m] = haèng soá ñieän .
−9
ε0 =
36π
→ → →
ƒ Moâi tröôøng ñieän moâi: D = ε 0 E+ P [C / m2 ]
(Vectô phaân cöïc ñieän)
→ →
9 Neáu ñieän moâi ñaúng höôùng &tuyeán tính : P = ε0 χe E

→ → → → →
⇒ D = ε0 (1+ χe )E = ε0εr E D=ε E

ε = ε0εr = ñoä thaåm ñieän tuyeät ñoái cuûa moâi tröôøng [F/m].
εr = ñoä thaåm ñieän töông ñoái ; χe = ñoä caûm ñieän . Caû 2 coù thöù nguyeân [0].
EM-Ch1_5 5

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ƒ Ñoä thaåm ñieän töông ñoái (haèng soá ñieän moâi) :

EM-Ch1_5 6

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 ™ The Charge:
ƒ Concentrated Charge: Khi ñieän tích taäp trung taïi taâm cuûa
vaät mang ñieän : ta duøng moâ hình ñieän tích taäp trung q (C).

ƒ Distributed Charge: Khi ñieän tích phaân boá theo kích thöôùc
cuûa vaät mang ñieän, ta coù caùc moâ hình ñieän tích phaân boá , ñaëc
tröng bôûi maät ñoä ñieän tích phaân boá .

EM-Ch1_5 7

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 ƒ Maät ñoä ñieän tích phaân boá :
dq
∆q
i. Line Charge Density: ρA = lim = [C/m]
∆A→0 ∆A dA

dq ∆q
ii. Surface Charge Density: ρS = lim = [C/m ]
2
∆S →0 ∆S dS

dq ∆q
iii. Volume Charge Density: ρV = lim = 3
[C/m ]
∆V →0 ∆V dV

ƒ Total Charge : Q = ∫ ρA dA or ∫ ρS dS or ∫ ρV dV [C]

L S V

EM-Ch1_5 8

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 d) Magnetic Field :
™Magnetic Flux Density B :

ƒ Ñieän tích ñieåm Magnetic field line

neáu chuyeån ñoäng B

beân caïnh moät nam S N q>0 v

chaâm: chòu taùc duïng
moät löïc. Fm

¾ Ta noùi beân ngoaøi nam chaâm toàn taïi moät tröôøng töø , ñaëc
tröng bôûi :
→ →

ƒ Magnetic Flux Density:

→ F m (max) × a m
B= [W b / m 2 ] or [T ]
→ → → q.v
Fm = q(v× B)
vôùi: → → →
a m = vectô ñôn vò cuûa v khi Fm → (max)
EM-Ch1_5 9

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 ™ Magnetic Field Intensity H :
→ →
ƒ Moâi tröôøng chaân khoâng : H = 1
B [ A / m]
µ0

µ 0 = 4π .10
−7
[ H / m ] = haèng soá töø .
→ → →
ƒ Moâi tröôøng töø moâi : H = 1
B− M [ A / m]
µ0
(Vectô phaân cöïc töø)
→ →
9 Neáu töø moâi ñaúng höôùng & tuyeán tính : M = χm H
→ → → → →
⇒ B = µ0 (1+ χm )H = µ0 µr H B= µH
µ = µ0µr = ñoä thaåm töø tuyeät ñoái cuûa moâi tröôøng [H/m].
µr = ñoä thaåm töø töông ñoái [0].
χm = ñoä caûm töø [0].
EM-Ch1_5 10

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ƒ Ñoä thaåm töø töông ñoái moät soá vaät lieäu:

EM-Ch1_5 11

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 ™ The Electric Current :
dq
ƒ Defined as the rate : I = (A)
dt

ƒ At a point, the current density concept is more useful than

the current. There are two models.

EM-Ch1_5 12

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 i. Volume current density :

ƒ Ñaëc ñieåm cuûa vectô maät ñoä doøng

khoái :

+ chieàu truøng chieàu doøng.

+ module J = dI/dS

G G
ƒ Doøng ñieän chaïy qua dieän tích S : I = ∫ J.dS
S

→ →
™ Ñònh luaät Ohm: J = σ E

σ : ñoä daãn ñieän [ S / m][1/ Ωm]

EM-Ch1_5 13

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 ii. Surface Current Density :

ƒ Ñaëc ñieåm cuûa vectô maät ñoä

doøng maët :

+ chieàu truøng chieàu doøng.

+ module Js = dI/dℓ

ƒ Doøng ñieän chaïy qua ñöôøng L : I = J s dl

∫
L

EM-Ch1_5 14

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