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Impact
Impact
dashpot
ksi Sy/Su %
•Works favorably
•Promotes
brittle fracture
Su
elongation
Sy
In praxis:
•Static properties •Loading rate
Impact Factor
known only approximated
■ x4 for automobile suspension parts
Linear & Bending Impact
Elastic-strain energy
W stored in structure
Guide rod
= 0.5Feδ
h Fe
δ Work of falling weight
W = W(h+δ)
W
k k
δst δ h
Assumptions:
•No mass dynamic = static deflection curve
of structure only multiplied by impact factor
•No deflection all energy goes into structure
within impacting mass
•No damping most severe impact
W (h + δ) = 0.5 Fe δ
Fe = k δ
k = W / δst
Fe = W δ/δst
⎛ 2h ⎞
Impact Deflection … δ = δ st ⎜ 1 + 1+ ⎟
⎜ δ st ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ 2h ⎞ Impact Factor
Impact Load F
… e = W ⎜1 + 1+ ⎟
⎜ δ st ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ 2h ⎞
Impact Stress … σ e = σ st ⎜ 1 + 1 + ⎟
⎜ δ st ⎟
⎝ ⎠
Linear & Bending Impact
Elastic-strain energy
W stored in structure
Guide rod
= 0.5Feδ
h Fe
δ Work of falling weight
W = W(h+δ)
W
k k
δst δ h
W (h + δ) = 0.5 Fe δ
Fe = k δ
k = W / δst
Fe = W δ/δst For h >> δst
v2 = 2gh → h= v2/2g
h = 0 or v=0
suddenly applied load
Impact Factor = 2 Impact Factor
(Double Safety Factor)
Linear & Bending Impact
Elastic-strain energy
W stored in structure
Guide rod
= 0.5Feδ
h Fe
δ Work of falling weight
W = W(h+δ)
W
k k
δst δ h
W (h + δ) = 0.5 Fe δ
Fe = k δ For h >> δst
k = W / δst
Fe = W δ/δst
Vertical movement
Impact Factor
W = k δst = g m
Impact kin. Energy … U = 0.5 m v2
Horizontal movement
σ = Fe / A k=AE/L
Set δ = Sy
But Vb = 2½ Va
A
…mass specific
bumper energy capacity
Se…elastic limit
Bending
Impact
Improved
Design
< Head/Pilot
Shank
E f f e ct o f St r e ss R a i se r s o n Im p a ct
pilot
Improved
Design
G=79GPa
2400rpm
suddenly stopped
U=0.5 I ω2 …kin. energy
I=0.5 m r2 …moment of inertia of wheel
m= π r2 b ρ …mass of wheel
U=0.25 π r4 b ρ ω2
T=τJ/r
Exam
Monday April 18
Chapter 8: Fatigue
8.1-11