Article No. 234 9701 Chemistry Paper-1 Classified/Topical MCQ’s. (2008-2020) — Classified to subtopics — All variants — Mark schemes = Unsolved — Questions order from new to old — All questions included READ & WRITE PUBLICATIONS Lahore Sale Point: Shop No. 25-28 Lower Ground Floor, Haadia Haleoma Centre, Ghazni Street, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Cell: +92-336-5314141 Karachi Sale Point: Shop No. 4, Imperial icon, Robson Road, Urdu Bazar, Karachi Goll: +92-321°1100575 Web: www.readnurite.org E-Books: www.rwebooks.com E-mail: readandwriteoffice@gmall.com Editorial Board: Zafar Iqbal ‘GreenHall, Beaconhouse, LGS. KIMS, Roots, LACAS Shehbaz Ahmad GreenHall, Beaconhouse, LACAS Umer Zaman Khattak GreenHall, GACS, Lahore Alma, KIMS Niaz Ahmed Awan GreenHall, LACAS, SICAS, The City School Rasheed Ahmed GreenHall, BDC M. Lugman GreenHall, Aitchison, The City School Mubashar Sulehri GreenHall, LGS, Bloomfield Hal, Roots Hafiz Farooq GreenHal, KIMS Shahzad Khokhar GreenHall, BDC Niaz Hussain GreenHall, LGS Faraz Yousafi GreenHall, GS Phase 5All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publisher Title Chemistry A-Level Paper-1 Classified/Topical (Article No. 231) Published by Read & Write Publications Printed by Sadaat Printers, Urdu Bazar, Lahore. ‘Composed Department ‘Sharjeel Khan, Salman Buksh, Shahab, Wagas, M. Awais, Bi ‘Ahmar, Khalilullah, Ali Sajjad Graphies Department Rashid Mehmood, Khalid Khursheed Legal Advisor Mian Tariq Ahmad (Advocate Supreme Court) Room No. 10, 11, 12 Al-Majeed Centre 1-Mozang Road, Lahore. Tel: 042-37236145, Fax: 042-37241367 Edition: 2020 Edition For Books Order Call Or SMS: 0336-5314141 REVIEW BOARD Sheraz Ahmed (Scholars Science College-Karachi), Dr. Asif Masood (Higher Education Department-Lahore), Muhammad Suleman (Geaconhouse School System, Roots Intemational, LGS-Sialkot) DISTRIBUTORS > ‘READ AND WRITE SALE POINT > TREAD AND WRITE SALE POINT ‘Shop No, 25-28 Lower Ground Flor, ‘Shop No. 4, Imperial icon, Robson Road, Urdu Haadia Haleoma Centre, Ghazni Steet, Bazar, Karachi. Col: +82-321-1100575 Urdu Bazar, Lahore. Ph: 042-35714038 MARYAM ACADEMY Tayyab All Bulding, Urdu Bazar, Karachi. Tet 02%-92214263 ,021-32634243, BURHANI BOOK CENTRE. ‘Shop # 6 Hashmi Trust Building Rotson Road New Urdu Bazar Karachi Tel: 021-32212640, "ABDUL RAHMAN BOOKS, ‘Abdul Rahman Plaza, College Road, Rawalpindi. Tol: 051-5551226, +92-316-5618976 Bookland Rawalpindi ity Plaza, Igbal Ré, Committee Chowk, Raja Bazar, Naya Mohala, Rawapiinl Tol: 051-57733413 Read and Write Publications CONTENTS UNIT1_[ ATOMS, MOLECULES AND STOICHIOMETRY 7 1.1 _| Relative masses of atoms and molecules 8 1.2__| The mole and the Avogadro constant 9 1.3 _ | The determination of relative atoms masses B 1.4 _| The calculation of empirical and molecular formulae 15 1.5 _ | Reacting masses of empirical and molecular formulae 18 1.6 | Multiple topics 24 Answers Section 30 UNIT2__| ATOMIC STRTUCTURE 31 2.1 | Particles in the atom ~ 32 2.2 | The nucleus of the atom -——-— 38 2.3 _| Electrons: energy levels, atomic orbitals, 39 2.4 | Multiple topics 48 ‘Answers Section 54 UNIT3 | CHEMICAL BONDING ————- ———— | 55 3.1 | lonic bonding ——— 56 3.2__ | Covalent bon By molecule: 3.3. | intermolecular forces, electronegativity and bond properties —— 70 3.4 | Metallic bonding ———— 74 3.5 | Bonding and physical properties 78 3.6 | Multiple topics 82 Answer Section 87 UNIT@_| STATES OF MATTER ————— 39 4.1 _| The gaseous state ideal and real gases and pV 90 4.2. | The solid state lattice structures 100 4.3 | Multiple topics 101 Answers Section 104 UNITS | CHEMICAL ENERGETICS -— cance | 105 5.1_| Enthalpy change 106 5.2. | Hess’ Law, including Born-Haber cycles — 128 5.3. | Multiple topics a 132 Answers Section 134 UNIT6 | ELECTROCHEMISTRY ——-———————-—— aS 6.1 | Redox processes, electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (oxidation state) —— | 136 6.2 | Multiple topics ——- 149 Answers Section — 150 UNIT7 | EQUILIBRIA 151 7.1 | Chemical equilibria, reversible reactions; dynamic equilibrium 1524 Read and Write Publications 7.2. | Multiple topics — 175 Answers Section 178 UNITS | REACTION KINETICS 179 8.1 _| Simple rate equations; orders of reaction; rate constants 180 8.2._| Effect of temperature on reaction rates and rate constant; the concept of activation energy | 183 8.3 | Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis including enzymes ~ 193 8.4 | Multiple topics 197 Answers Section 202 UNIT9 | THE PERIODIC TABLE: CHEMICAL PERIODICTY — 203 ‘9.1 _ | Periodicity of physical properties of the elements in the third period — 204 9.2 _| Periodicity of chemistry properties of the elements in the third period 214 9.3 | Chemical periodicity of other elements 224 9.4 | Multiple topics 227 Answers Section 231 uNIT10 | GROUP2 — a —— 233 10.1 _| Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to bar 234 their compounds ~~ — — 10.2 | Some uses of Group 2 compounds 247 10.3 | Multiple topics 250 Answers Section 255 (UNIT 11 | GROUP 17 ~ | 257 11.1 | Physical properties of the Group 17 elements ~ 258 11.2 _ | The chemical properties of the elements and their hydrides 261 113 | Some reactions of the halide ions 266 11.4 | The reactions of chlorine with aqueous sodium hydroxide ~ 273 11.5 _| Some important uses of the halogens and of halogen commands —-—- — | 276 11.6 | Multiple topics —— 277 Answers Section 280 UNIT 12 | NITROGEN AND SULFUR 281 12.1 | Nitrogen 282 12.2. | Sulfur: The formation of atmospheric sulfur dioxide, its role in acid rain 287 12.3 | Multiple topics — 291 Answers Section 300 [UNIT 13 | AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY — 302 13.1 | Formulae, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds 302 13.2 | Characteristic organic reactions ~- 304 13.3 _| Shapes of organic molecules; s and p bonds 305, 13.4 | Isomerism, structural and stereoisomerism ~ 306 13.5 | Multiple topics — 320 Answers Section 3225 Read and Write Publications lUniT 14 | HYDROCARBNONS -—~ 323 14.1 | Alkanes — 324 14.2 | Alkenes 330 14.3 | Hydrocarbons as fuel —————-—-—— 345, 14.4 | Multiple topics — 346 ‘Answers Section ~ 353 [UNIT 15 | HALOGEN DERIVATIVES 355) 15.1 _| Halogenalkanes and halogenoarenes — 356 15.2 | Relative strength of the C-Hal bond 372 15.3. | Multiple topics 375, Answers Section ~ 380 \UNIT 36 | HYDROXY COMPOUNDS — 381 16.1 | Alcohols 382 16.2. | Multiple topics 403, Answers Section 405 UNIT 17 | CARBONYL COMPOUNDS 407 17.1 | Aldehydes and ketones. - “408 17.2. | Multiple topics 427 Answers Section 439 (UNIT 18 | CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES ———- aa 18.1 | Carboxylic acids ——— 443; 18.2 | Acyl chlorides 453 18.3 | Esters a 454 18.4 | Multiple topics 468 Answers Section ~ 472 (UNIT 9 | NITROGEN COMPOUNDS ——————————_—_— 473 19.1 _| Primary amines 474 19.2. | Multiple topics 475 Answers Section ~ 476 (UNIT 20 | POLYMERISATION — vceeecrneennneeceeererereenenmeremnsesneneens | ATT, 20.1 | Predicting the type of polymerization — 478 20.2. | Multiple topics 480 ‘Answers Section ~ 482 [UNIT 21, | ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES ooeccecenenceeercenresreneetenernertenntnntenesemesncrene | ABB! 211 | Infra-red spectroscopy 484 21.2. | Multiple topics 438 Answers Secti 489 [UNIT 22 | ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 491 22.1 | Multiple topics 492, ‘Answers Section ~ 4936 Read and Write Publications BLANK PAGE7 Read and Write Publications A Unit 1 ATOMS, MOLECULES Level — AND STOICHIOMETRY ) Syllabus Chemistry Paper 1 Classified/Topical MCQ's pi teva Masses ol slo and Article Number: 231 1.2. The mole and the Avogadro constant Editorial Board READ XS WRITE PUBLICATIONS Lahore Sale Point: Shop No. 25-28 Lower Ground Floor, Haadia Haleema Centre, Ghazni Street, Urdu Bazar, Lahore. Cell: +92-336-5314141 Karachi Sale Point: Shop No. 4, Imperial icon, Robson Road, Urdu Bazar, Karachi, Cell: +92-321-1100575 Web: www.readnwrite.org -Books: www.rwebooks.com : readandwriteottice@gmall.com 1.3. The determination of relative atoms masses 1.4 The calculation of empirical and molecular formulae 1.5 Reaching masses and volumes (of solution and gases) 1.6 Multiple topicsChemistry A-Level Paper-1 Classified 1.4: Relative masses of atoms and molecules 8 Read ané Write Publications 7) PEW dt Lil uiek tad obits 41.1: Relative masses of atoms and molecules Mid 20/P13/07 ‘The element sulfur produces a mass spectrum with the following peaks. mie value | relative ofpeak | abundance 32 95.02 33 | oe 34 420 36 0.02 Which relative atomic mass of sulfur can be calculated from these data, given to four significant figures? A 32.07 B 3208 © 32.09 D 32.10 2. OIN 17/P12103 ‘The airbags in cars contain sodium azide, NaN, and an excess of potassium nitrate, KNOs Ina car accident, the reactions shown occur, producing nitrogen. This causes the aitbag to inflate rapidly. ‘2NaNs > 2Na + 3Ne 410Na + 2KNOs > Kz0 + 5Na,O + Ne How many moles of nitrogen gas are produced in total when 1 mol of sodium azide, NaNs, decomposes in an airbag? A 15 B16 © 32 D 40Chemistry A-Level Paper-t Classified 2 9 1.2: Mole and the Avogadro constant Read and Write Publications The mole and the Avogadro constant M/J 19/P 11/012, O/N 16/P13/012, OIN 16/11/12 41.15 g of a metallic element needs 300 om? of oxygen for complete reaction, at 298 K and 1 atm pressure, to form an oxide which contains O> ions. What could be the identity of this metallic element? A calcium B magnesium © potassium D sodium MAR 19/P12/Q10 Acidied potassium manganate(Vil) reacts with iron(l ethanedioate, FeCz0,. ‘The reactions taking place are shown. MnO, + BH* + Se~—> Mn** + 44,0 Fei Fe +e C20, > 2CO; + 2e- How many moles of iron(l) ethanedioate react with one mole of potassium manganate(VII)? A 0.60 B 167 © 250 D 5.00 OIN 17/P12/016, M/J 14/P121019 In an experiment, 0.125 mol of chlorine gas, Cl, is reacted with an excess of cold aqueous sodium hydroxide. (One of the products is a compound of sodium, oxygen, and chlorine. Which mass of this product is formed? A 9319 B 133g © 1869 D 2669 wis 17112102 Which would contain 9.03 x 10% oxygen atoms? ‘A 0.25 mol aluminium oxide © 1.5 mol sulfur trioxide B 0.75 mol sulfur dioxide D 3.0 mol water M/J 17/P11/Q3, OIN O7/P1101 When a sports medal with a total surface area of 150 cm? was evenly coated with silver, using electrolysis, its mass increased by 0.216 g How many atoms of silver were deposited per cin? on the surface of the medal?” A 80x10 B18 x108 © 12 «10% D 44 «102 Mid t6/P 121018 ‘An excess of chlorine gas, Cl, is passed through 60 cm® of cold aqueous 0.1 mol dm? sodium hydroxide. In a separate experiment an excess of chlorine gas is passed through 60 em? of hot aqueous 0.1 mol dr sodium hydroxide until no further reaction takes place. How much more sodium chloride will be produced by the reaction with hot NaOH than with cold NaQH? ‘A 0.002 moles B 0,003 moles © 0.005 moles D 0.006 moles Mid 161P13/026 A ‘Which volume of oxygen, at room temperature and pressure, is needed for complete combustion of 1:0 mol of methylpropan-t-ol? ‘A 108 dm? Bo 144dm? © 186 dm? D288 dm’ OI 13/P12/010 Which sodium compound contains 74.2% by mass of sodium? . A sodium carbonate B sodiumchloride sodium hydroxide sodilth oxide Mid 15/P121026 3 Se 2.40 g of propan-2-0l were mixed with excess acidified potassium dichromlate(VI). The reaction mixture was then boiled under reflux for twenty minutes. The organic product was then collaéted by distillation. The yield of product was 75.0%. 2 What mass of product was collected? $ A 1749 B 1.809 © 229° 4 D 2329(Chemistry A-Level Paper-t Ciassified 1.2: Mole and the Avogadro constant 10 Read and Write Publications, 10. O1N 13/P13/011 Which calcium compound contains 54.1% by mass of calcium? ‘A calcium hydroxide B caliumnitrate © C calolumoxide © D_ calcium sulfate 14. Mid 19/P111026 2.30 g of ethanol were mixed with an excess of aqueous acidified potassium dichromate(VI). The reaction ‘mixture was then bolled under reflux for one hour. The desired organic product was then collected by distillation. “The yield of product was 60.0 %. ‘What mass of product was collected? A 1329 B 1389 © 1.809 D 3209 12, MJ 13/P13/027 Which volume of oxygen, at room temperature and pressure, is needed for complete combustion of 0.1 mol of ethanol? A 724m? B84 dm? © 14.4dm? D 16.8 dm* 413. OIN 12/P13/Q9, M/J 08/P1/01 In the Basic Oxygen steel-making process the P,Ore impurity is removed by reacting it with calcium oxide. The only product of this reaction is the salt calcium phosphate, Cas(PO,) In this reaction, how many moles of calcium oxide react with one mole of «Oye? Ad B15 c 3 D6 14. O1N 117 12/026 2.30 g of ethanol were mixed with aqueous acidified potassium dichromate(VI). The desired product was collected by immedicte distilation under gentle warming. “The yield of product was 70.0 %. ‘What mass of product was collected? A 1549 B 1619 © 2109 D 344g 15. OIN 10/11/15 ‘Ammonium sulfate in nitrogenous fertlsers in the soll can be slowly oxidised by air producing sulfuric acid, nitric ‘acid and water. How many moles of oxygen gas are needed to oxidise completely one mole of ammonium sulfate? At B 2 c 3 D4 16. OIN 10/P11/Q5, OIN 10/P13/05 Nickel makes up 20 % of the total mass of a coin. The coin has a mass of 10.0 g. How many nickel atoms are in the coin? A 2.05 x 102 B 4.30% 102 © 1.03 x 102 D 1.20% 10% 47. O1N107P11/015, ON t0PPt3IA15 ‘ammonium suet In ltogenousfeises inthe sll can be slowly oxclsed by ar producing sultute ac, nitic ack and water. row many moles of oxygen gas re needed o oxidise completely one mole of ammonium suitate? at Be co 8 D4 48. Mid 10Pr2Ia16, Mi 101111018, Mi torPt3/a19 & Which coment ofthe Cd perd requires tne least numbor of mols of oxygen forthe coniplte‘Sombuston of ‘mol ofthe element? fi A luminiom B magnesum phosphorus‘Chemisty A-Level Paper-t Classified 4 Read and Wete Publications Valid till October/November 2021 Exams 19. 20. at. 22. (Mid 19/P12/039, M/J 14/P11/Q40, OIN 10/12/39 In an organic synthesis, a 62% yield of product is achieved. Which conversions are consistent with this information? 74,00 g of butan-2-o1 -> 44.84 g of butanone 2 74.00g of butan-1-ol -> 54.56 g of butanoic acid 3 74.00g of 2-methylpropan-1-ol -> 54.56 g of 2-methylpropanoic acid [ A 8 c D | 1,223 tand 2 2and3 only ae only are only are is | conect correct correct correct ON 12/P13/034 ‘An element X and compound YZ react separately with acid as shown. 1.2: Mole and the Avogadro constart X{s) + 2H"(aq) —> X*(aq) + Hla) Y2(s) + 2H"(aq). —> Y**(aq) + H2(6) When 1.0 9 of either X or YZ is reacted witifan excess of acid, the total volume of gas formed is the same. Which stalements are correct? 1 AMX)= M(YZ) 2 Xan¢ ¥ are metals. 3 X.an¢ Y must both be in the same Group of the Periodic Table, A 8 ce | 4zend3 tand2 2and3 | ar only are only are | conect correct correct (Mid 12/P13/037, Mid 12/P11/038 ‘A number of alcohols with the formula C,Ho0 are separately oxidised. Using 70 g of the alcohols a 62 % yield of organic product is achieved. What mass of product could be obtained? 142.29 of butanone 2 81.6 g of butanoic acid 351.69 of 2-methyl propanoic acid How many moles of polymer might, theoretically, be formed? A B c ° 4,2end3 and 2 2and3 1 only ae only are only are s conect correct correct correct IN o9/P12/040 14 2 108 A B | c D 4,2and3 tano2 | anda tony are only are only are s conect correct correct correct ‘A monomer undergoes addition polymerisation. A 1 mol sample of the monomer is completely polymerise 2 ga ,° 62x1 ®Chemisty A-Level Papert Ciassifed 1.2: Mole and the Avogadro constant 2 Read and Write Publications 23. ON 11/P121036 Ina car engine, non-metallic element X forms a pollutant oxide Y. Further oxidation of Y to Z occurs spontaneously in the atmosphere. In this further oxidation, 1 mol of ¥ reacts, with 0.5 mol of gaseous oxygen. Which statements about X Y and Z are correct?” 1. The oxidation number of X increases by 2 from ¥ to Z. 2 The molecule of ¥ has no unpaired electrons. 3 The molecule of Z contains three oxygen atoms. A B c D 4,2and3 + and2 2and3 tonly are caly are only are is conect correct corect =| correct 24, MIJ 111P12/036 In a car engine pollutant oxide Y, which contains non-metalic element X, is formed. Further oxidation of ¥ to Z occurs in the atmosphere. In this further oxidation, 1 mol of Y reacts with 0.5 mol of gaseous oxygen. X could be either nitrogen or sulfur. Which statements about X, Y and Z can be correct? 1. The oxidation number of X increases by two from Y to Z. 2 Ymay have an unpaied electron in its molecule. 3 Yis apolar molecule. ee | 42and3 | tend 2and3 only are only ae only are is correct correct correct correct 25. OIN 10/P12/034 A student puts 10 cm? of 0.100 mol dim sulfuric acid into one test-tube and 10 cm? of 0.100 mol dr ethanoic acid into another test-tube. He then adds 1.0 g (an excess) of magnesium ribbon to each test-tube and takes suitable measurements. Both acids have the same starting temperature. Neither reaction is complete after 2 minutes, but both are complete after 20 minutes. ‘Which statements are correct? 1 After 2 minutes, the sulfuric acid is at a higher temperature than the ethanoic 2 After 2 minutes, the sulfuric acid has produced more gas than the ethanoic acid. 3 After 20 minutes, the sulfuric acid has produced more gas than the ethanoic acid. i, A 8B ce D oA 4,2and3 and 2 2and3 tony are only are only are is correct correct correct correct‘Chemistry ALevel Paper-t Classified 13 1.3: Determination of relative atomic masses. Read and Write Publications The determination of relative atomic masses 1. MIS 19/P11102 A.sample of element X is analysed using mass spectrometry. The mass spectrum obtained is shown. 56% 41% % abundance 3% 12 113 114-115: 16 Wha: is the relative atomic mass of this sample of element X? A 1137 B 1140 c 142 D 1144 2. Mid 191P13102 ‘The mass spectrum of an alloy of copper and gold is shown. ©) sas 50 40, percentage abundance 8} | o5.14 20. 1850 0 o 365 , 107 ‘Which expression can be used to calculate the relative atomic mass, A,, of copper present in this sample? (68.36 x 63)+ (25.14 x 65) ¢ (98.38 x63)+ (25.14 » 65) (56.36 +25.14+ 18.50) (66.36+25.14) p (95:36 x63)+ (25.14 x65)+(1850 x 197) (66.36 x63)+ 25.14 x 65) (66.36 +25.14+ 18.50) (63+65) 3. Mid 17/P 11102 ‘The mass spectrum of a sample of lithium shows that it contains two isotopes, SLi and Li, The isotopic abundances are shown in the table. Isotope | isotopic abundance ui 7.42% "i 92.58% © Whal is the relative atomic mass of this sample of lithium, given to three sighificant fighrés? A 807 B 650 © 690 07-693 4. MAR 17/P121017 In an experiment, 0.600 mol of chlorine gas, Ci, is reacted with an exces of hot aqueous sodium hydroxide (One of the products is NaCIOs. Which mass of NaCIO; is formed? 4g g A 2139 B 4479 © 889 D 1289(Chemistry A-Level Paper-t Classified 4.3: Determination of relative atomic masses “4 Read and Write Publications 5. OIN 09/P12/Q30, OIN 09/P11/Q1 ‘An element X consists of four isotopes. The mass spectrum of X is shown in the diagram. ‘100 80: relative 60: ‘abundance % 40: 20: ° 90 a 2 93 94 ‘What is the relative atomic mass of X? A 91.00 B 91.30 © 9175 D 92.00(Chemisty A-Level Paper-t Classified 15 4.4: Calculation of empirical and molecular formulae Read and Write Publications 1.4: The calculation of empirical and molecular formulae 4. MAR 20/P12/02 For which hydrocarbon are the molecular and empirical formulae the same? A. butane B ethane © pent-t-ene D propane 2. OIN 19/P12/09 When lead(t!) sulfide, PbS, is heated in air, sulfur dioxide and lead(ll) oxide are formed. What is the equation forthe reaction between PbS and oxygen? A POS +20,» $0: + PbO, © PbS+ 130r+80,+ PbO B PbS+205-+50,+ POO, D-PbS+20;-+ 803+ PbO 3. OIN 19/P12/021, MiJ 14/P12/Q20 The diagram shows the skeletal formula of phenazine, COO ! shenazine ‘What is the empirical ormula of phenazine? A CHAN B CoHeN © CigHeNe D CiaHiaNe 4. Mis 19/P12109 Xs either chlorine or an oxide of chlorine. X reacts with water, under suitable conditions, to form the two acids HCI and HCIOs in the mole ratio of 1 (HCI) 5 (HCIOs). What could be X? A Ch B CLO © Cio, D CHO, 5. MAR 19/P12/013 A solid Period 3 element, Q, is reacted with oxygen gas. Compound R is formed. When R is added to water the pH decreases. What could be the empirical formula of R? A 2,0 B Q,0s © AO. D Q,0; 6. Mid 18/P12104 ‘Compound J bums in excess oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water only. When a 3.00 g sample of ‘compound J is burt in excess oxygen, 4.40 g of carbon dioxide and 1.80 g of water are formed. What is the empirical formula of J? D A CH B CHO © CH, D CHO. 7. OIN 171P12I02 ¢ ‘Two hydrocarbons have the formulae CwHy and CyHz. W, X, Y and Z represent different whole nufmbers. way g 4 xz YL Which row is correct when comparing the two hydrocarbons? OY | empircat ‘molecular relative RY Tormula Tormula | molecuiar mass a A] aiterent same torent § B | aiterent same same ce] same torent siterent és D| same torent same B(Chemisty A-Level Paper-t Classified 10. n 12, 13. 16 414: Caloulaton of empirical and molecular formuiae Read and Write Publications ON 47/P121021 The diagram shows the skeletal formula of citric acid. OH ALL, OH citric acid ‘What is the molecular formula of citric acid? A CoHsOr B CeHiOr © CeHeOy D- CigHsOr IN 17/P11/01, ON 17/P13/01 Which formula represents the empirical formula of a compound? A CHO B CHO, © Cite DH. Mis 171P 11/06 ‘The complete combustion of 2 moles of a straight chain alkane produces 400 dm? of carbon dioxide measured ‘at 301 K and 1 x 108 Pa, Carbon dioxide can be assumed to behave as an ideal gas under these conditions. What is the formula of the straight chain alkane? A Cite Bo CisHos © Cates D CaHee Mid 17/P13/02 ‘0.216 g sample of an aluminium compound X reacts with an excess of water to produce a single hydrocarbon gas. This gas burns completely in 2 to form H;0 and CO, only. The volume of CO, at room temperature and pressure is 108 cm?, What is the formula of X? A ALCS B ALC. C AGCy D AMCs MAR 17/P12/02 ‘Compounds J and K each contain 40% carbon by mass. What could J and K be? [ J _K | A | ahexose, CstiaOe | starch, (CeHeOsh 8 | apentose, CsHuOs | a hexose, CHO. © | pentose, OsHOs | sucrose, CiHtsOss Lo | starch, (sHinOs}. | sucrose. CutsOs My t61P13/04 Z ‘The relative atomic mass of copper is 63.5. Q ae aratnaec aaaeee EE too abundance , ¢ po ReTarenene arene : iol , io Te ICICIChemistry A-Level Paper-1 Classified ‘7 1.4: Calculation of empirical and molecular formulse 14, 15, 16. 17. 19. a. 22. Read and Write Publications IN 15/P13/Q9, OIN 15/P11/09 Hexamine is a crystalline solid used as a fuel in portable stoves. The diagram shows its skeletal structure. (a What is the empirical formula of hexamine? A CHN Bo CsHNe © CeHaNy Do CeHiaNy IN 14/12/06, OIN 14/11/06 Aluminium carbide, Al(Ca, reacts readily with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The two products of the reaction are NaAlO; and a hydrocarbon. Water molecules are also involved as reactants. What is the formula of the hydrocarbon? ACH, B C:He © Cite D GH COIN 13/P13/028, O/N 10/P11/021, OIN 10/P13/022 Compound X reacts with ethanoic acid in the presence of an H* catalyst to produce the compound below. OH HO Viol I Hot g ooo HOw What is the molecular formula of compound X? A CaHiOe B CiHeOs © CHO D CiHeO2 Mid 13/P11/02, O1N O2/P1/01 ‘A mixture of 10 cm? of methane and 10 cm: of ethane was sparked with an excess of oxygen. After cooling to oom temperature, the residual gas was passed through aqueous potassium hydroxide. ‘All gas volumes were measured at the same temperature and pressure, ‘What volume of gas was absorbed by the alkali? A 15cm? B 20cm © 30cm? D 40cm ‘Mis 13/13/09 "Which formula represents the empirical formula of a compound? A CHO B CoHy CC yHie D HO, (Mid 13/13/Q18, O/N 09/P12/Q18, OIN O9/P11/Q19, M/J O5/P1/Q18 In an historically famous experiment Wohler heated ‘inorganic’ ammonium cyanate in the absence of air. The only product ofthe reaction was ‘organic’ urea, CO(NHz)2. No other products were formed in the reaction, ‘What is the formula of the cyanate ion present in ammonium cyanate? qe A CNO- B cNo* © co D No vA IN 10/P11/012, O1N 10/P13/014 Camphor is a white solid which was used to make the early plastic celluloid, Camphorcontaiis the same percentage by mass of hydrogen and oxygen. ‘What is the molecular formula of camphor? A CiohhdOs B CuHeO © Cibo IN 09/P12/01, OIN O9/P11/a2 0.200 mol ofa hydrocarbon undergo complete combustion to give 35.2 g of barbon:dickde and 14.4 g of water as the only products. What is the molec A Gay Mid 09/P1/01 In leaded petrol there is an additive composed of lead, carton and ‘hydrogen only. This compound contains 29.7% carbon and 6.19% hydrogen by mass. ‘What is the value of x in the empirical formula PbCyHy? ss As B 6 c 16 D 2Chemisty AcLevel Paper-t Cassified 8 4.5: Reacting masses and volumes “” i Read and Write Publications id 4.5: Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases) |. M/J 201P12/06 In this question you should assume air contains 21% oxygen. What is the minimum volume of air required to ensure complete combustion of 10 om? of butane gas, under room conditions? A thom? B 27m? © 65cm? D 310m? 2. Mid 201P12109 ‘The complete combustion of 2 moles of an alkane produces 400 di? of carbon dioxide measured at 301 K and 1x 108 Pa. Carbon dioxide can be assumed to behave as an ideal gas under these conditions. ‘What is the formula of the alkane? A Cate Bo CisHoe © Cate D CuHee 3. Mid 20/P11/04 10 cm? of ethane is bumed in 45 cm? of oxygen at a pressure of 101 kPa and a temperature of 200 °C. Complete combustion takes place. What is the total volume of gas present when the reaction is complete, measured under the same conditions? A 30cm? B 50cm? 85cm? D 60cm? 4, Mis 20/11/13, 6.90 g of an ammonium salt is heated with an excess of aqueous sodium hydroxide. The volume of ammonia produced, measured under room conditions, is 2.51 dm. ‘Which ammonium salt is used? ‘A ammonium carbonate (M, = 96.0) © ammonium nitrate (M, = 80.0) B__ ammonium chloride (M, = 53.5) D__ ammonium sulfate (M, = 132.1) 5. Mid 20/P11/017 0.25 9 of anhydrous magnesium nitrate is heated strongly unti it completely decomposes. What isthe total volume of gas produced, measured under room conditions? A 40cm? B 8tom? © 10tcm? D 202m? 6. MAR 201P12/07 Sodium azide, NaNs, decomposes as shown, 2NaNs-> 2Na + 3Nz ‘Which volume of nitrogen, measured at room temperature and pressure, will be produced by the decomposition of 180 g of sodium azide? ‘A 166 dm? B 83dm © 85dm? D 37dm 7. MAR 20/12/09, 41.8 9 of water, heated to 227 °C in a sealed container, tums to steam with a pressure of 200 kPa. 7 What is the approximate volume of the container? A 9x 104m? Bo 2x 109m? © 2m D 8x 107 me 8, MIJ 20/P12/013, OIN 16/P11/Q16, O/N 16/P13/Q16, M/J 13/P11/016 Magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO;),, will decompose when heated to give a white solid and a mixture ofoees. ‘One of the gases released is an oxide of nitrogen, X. 7.4 9 of anhydrous magnesium nitrate is heated until no further reaction takes places What mass of X is produced? A 159 B 239 © 309 9. ON t9/P12102 In this question it should be assumed that (NH):CO..H,0(s) dissolves in wate without causing an increase in volume. Which mass of (NH,);COs.H,0(6) should be added to 800 om*-of water (9 form 20.100 mol dn? solution of NH," ions? A 4589 B 7439 c one 2 dD 1439Chemisty A-Level Paper-1 Classified 19 1.5: Reacting masses and volumes 10. 1. 2, 13. 14 15, 16. 7. 18, Read and Write Publications Mid 19/P11/03, MiJ 13/P13/Q10 ‘A washing powder contains sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCOs, as one of the ingredients. In a titration, a ‘solution containing 1.00 g of washing powder requires 7.15 cm? of 0.100 mol dm-® sulfuric acid for complete reaction. The sodium hydrogencarbonale is the only ingredient that reacts with the aci. ‘What is the percentage by mass of sodium hydrogencarbonate in the washing powder? A 30 B 60 © 120 D 240 MAR 19/P12/02 3.7 g sample of copperill) carbonate is added to 25 cm? of 2.0 mol dm-® hydrochloric acid Which volume of gas is produced under room conditions? ‘A 0.60 dm? B 072dm* © 1.20dm? D 2.40. dmé Mis 187P13/05 Aspirin, CeHeOy, M, = 180.0, can be made by a reaction between 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, CrHsOs, M, and ethanoic anhydride, C.HeOs, M, = 102.0. The balanced equation forthe reaction is shown CrHyOs + CaHeOs -> Cots Ox + CoHsO2 Ifa reaction mixture consists of 10.0 g of each of the two reactants, what is the maximum mass of aspirin that can be produced? A 879 B 1009 © 1309 D 1769 ON 171P12/015 Exactly 3.705 kg of substance Y are needed to neutralise 100 moles of HC! (aq). What could be substance Y? A Ca B cao © Calon), D cacos Mid 177111028 A sample of 2.30 g of ethanol was mixed with an excess of aqueous acidified potassium dichromate(VI). The reaction mixture was then boiled under reflux for one hour. The required organic product was then zollected by distillation. The yield of product was 60.0%. Which mass of product was collected? A 1329 B 1389 c 1.809 D 3.009 Mid terPr21Q14 ‘0.005 mol sample of anhydrous calcium carbonate was completely thermally decomposed to give 100 cm? of gas measured at a certain temperature and pressure. In a separate experiment carried out at the same temperature and pressure, a 0.005 mol sample of anhydrous calcium nitrate was completely thermally decomposed. The volume of gaseous products was measured. ‘What total volume of gaseous products was produced from the calcium nitrate? A 50cm? B 100cm? © 200m? D_ 250.em* Mid 16/11/03, Tetraethy! lead, Pb(C:Hs)s, has been used as a petrol additive. ‘What is the percentage by mass of carbon in tetraethyi lead? 38.0, A 102 B 149 Cc 297 D 320 Mid 16/P13/03, , ‘Which mass of urea, CO(NH,}2, contains the same mass of nitrogen as 101.19 of potassium nitrate?” A 22g B 30g 44g D BOgK” OIN 15/P12/013, MJ 121P11/014, Mid 12/P 13/015 ‘The reaction between aluminium’ powder and anhydrous barium nitrate is used as fireworks. The metal oxides and nitrogen are the only products. ‘Which volume of nitrogen, measured under room conditions, is produced iwhén 0,783 9g of anhydrous barium nitrate reacts with an excess of aluminium? o A 46.8.cm? B 72.0cm © 93.6 cm? Bo 144.em? propeliznt in someChemistry A-Level Paper-t Ciassiied 20 1.5: Reacting masses and volumes Read and Wiite Publications 19. OIN 15/P12/Q16, MJ O4IPLIQ18 Brine is concentrated aqueous sodium chloride. In the commercial electrolysis of brine, the products are chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide. What is the maximum yield of each of these products when 58.5 kg of sodium chloride are electrolysed as brine? yieldof ] __yieldof | yield ofsodium | ehlorine/kg | _hycrogentka | “hydroxides kg iN 355 1 40 8 355 2 40 ce n 1 40 > nm [2 20 20, OIN 15/P121019 4.70 g of an ammonium salt is heated with excess aqueous sodium hydroxide. The volume of ammonia gas sven off, measured at room temperature and pressure, is 1.41 dm’ ‘Which ammonium salt was used? A ammonium bromide (M, = 97.9) © ammonium nitrate (M,= 80) ammonium carbonate (M = 96) ammonium sulfate (M, = 132.1) 24. Md 1511103 1100 g of carbon is combusted ina limited supply of pure oxygen. 0.50 g of the carbon combusts to form COs and 0.50 9 ofthe carbon combusts to form CO. ‘The resultant mixture of CO; and CO is passed through excess NaOH(aq) and the re ing gas Is then dried and collected. ‘What is the volume of the remaining gas? (All gas volumes are measured at 25 °C and 1 atmosphere pressure.) A 1 dm? B 1.5dm? © 2m? D 3dm* 22. Mid 15/P11/019 Which mass of solid residue will be obtained from the thermal decomposition of 4.10 g of anhydrous calcium nitrate? A 070g B 1.009 © 1409 D 2259 23. OIN 14/P12/Q15, OIN 14/P111015 A sample of potassium oxide, K20, is dissolved in 250 cm of distilled water. 25.0 cm? of this solution is titrated against sulfuric acid of concentration 2.00 mol dr. 15.0 cm? of this sulfuric acid is needed for complete neutralisation. Which mass of potassium oxide was originally dissolved in 250 cm? of distilled water? A 2839 B 2839 c 474g D 5869 24, O1N 14/P13/08 Ferrochrome is an alloy of ron and chromium. Ferrachrome can be dissolved in dite sufuric acid to(produce @ minture of FeSO, and Ci(SO,). The FeSO. rears with KsC,Oy n acd solution according tthe flowing equation. S 14H* + 6Fe* + Crz0;? > 2Cr°* + 6Fe* + 7H20- sy When 1.00 g of ferrochrome is dissolved In dite sufurc acid, and the resulting solution ttratéd, 13.1 em? of 0.100 mol dm? K2Cr20r is required for complete reaction. What isthe percentage by mass of Fe in the sample of ferrochrome? S A 122 B 439 c 122 Cag (25, OIN 14/P13/Q12 = Y ‘What isthe ionic equation forthe reaction between aqueous sodium carbonate ang dilute nic ace? ‘A 2HNOs(aq) + COs*(aq) -> H:0() + COx(9) + 2NOs(aq) § B_ 2H'(aq) + COs*(aq)—> COz(a) + H.0(1) > © 2HNOs(aq) + NazCCs(aq) -> 2NaNOs(aq) + COx() + H:0(0,” D__2HNO,(aq) + COs*(aq) + H:0()) + COa(9) + 2NOr(aq) 7”Chemisty A-Level Paper-t Classified FA 1.5: Reacting masses and volumes 31, 32, 33: Read and Write Publications Mid 141P12/09 In an experiment, 12.0 dm of oxygen, measured under room conditions, is used to burn completely 0.10 mol of propan-1-ol. ‘What isthe final volume of gas, measured under room conditions? A 7.20dm? B 840.dm? 16.8 dm? D 18.00 dm? Mid 141P13/017 In an experiment, 0.6 mol of chlorine gas, Cla, is reacted with an excess of hot aqueous sodium hydroxide, One of the products is a compound of sodium, oxygen and chlorine. ‘Which mass of this product is formed? A 2139 B 44.79 © 6399 D 1289 Mid t41P 121014 ‘Ammonium sulfate in the soil is slowly oxidised by air, producing sulfuric acid, nitric acid and water as the only Products. How many moles of oxygen gas are needed for the complete oxidation of one mole of ammonium sulfate? At B 2 c 3 D4 ON 13/P14/010 Which sodium compound contains 74.2 % by mass of sodium? ‘A sodium carbonate B sodiumchloride sodium hydroxide D sodium oxide ON 13/P13/1012 ‘The reaction between aluminium powder and anhydrous barium nitrate is used as the propellant in some fireworks. The reaction produces the metal oxides and nitrogen. 10A/ + 3Ba(NOs)2 -> 5A/:03 + 3Ba0 + SNe Which mass of barium oxide is produced when 5.40 g of aluminium powder reacts with an excess of anhydrous barium nitrate? A 1629 B 3069 c 9189 D 1029 Mis 131P 121013 ‘Magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO2}:, will decompose when heated to give a white solid and a mixture of gases. One of the gases released is oxygen. 28.7 g of anhydrous magnesium nitrate is heated until no further reaction takes place. ‘What mass of oxygen is produced? A 329 B 649 c 1289 D 1929 Mis 19) 111011, A solution of Sn ions will reduce an acidified solution of MnO,- ions to Mn? ions. The Sn®* ions are oxidised to ‘Snt ions in this reaction. How many moles of Mn** ions are formed when a solution containing 9.5 g of SnCiz (M,: 190) is added to an excess of acidified KMn0, solution? A 0.010 B 0.020 © 0.050 D 0.125 GB ON 11/P11/02, OIN 11/P13/01 A Lead) chloride wil oxidise bromide ions to bromine. The Pb** ions are reduced to Pb** ionstin this réaction. If 6.980 g of lead{IV) chloride is added to an excess of sodium bromide solution, what mass of bromitie would be produced? < A 07999 B 1.5989 © 31969 D 63929..." OIN 11/P11/Q9, ON 11/P13/Q12 < Q ‘An aqueous solution was prepared containing 1.0 mol of AgNO, and 1.0 mol:of FeSOi in 1.00 dm of water. When equilbrium was established, there was 0.44 mol of Ag"(aq) in the midure Ag'(aq) + Fe (aq) = Ag(s) + Fe (aq). What s the numerical value of K:? § A 038 B 062 © 162(Chemistry A-Level Paper-t Classified 22 115: Reacting masses and volumes. 35. 36. 37. 38. at. Read and Write Publications ON 11/P14/014, OIN 11/P13/Q15 ‘A significant contribution to atmospheric carbon dioxide levels comes from the thermal decomposition of limestone, in the manufacture of cement and of lime for agricultural purposes. Cement works roast 1000 million tonnes of limestone per year and a further 200 mili kilns to make lime. ‘What is the total annual mass output of carbon dioxide (in milion tonnes) from these two processes? A 440 B S27 © 660 D880 wig 11121014 (0.144 g of an aluminium compound X react with an excess of water, to produce a gas. This gas bums ‘completely in O2 to form H.0 and 72 cm? of CO2 only. The volume of COz was measured at room temperature tonnes is roasted in land pressure. ‘What could be the formula of X? 2.0, Al = 27.0; 1 mole of any gas occupies 24 dm? at room temperature and pressure] A Ala Bo ALC. CALC DACs Mis t11P12/010 TTancanite is used as a gemstone for jewelery. It is @ hydrated calcium aluminium silicate mineral with @ ‘chemical formula CazAjSi,Oo(OH).6/,H20. Tanzanite has M, of 871.5. Its chemical composition is 14,04% calcium, 14.17% aluminium, 14.75% silcon, 64.59% oxygen and 2.45% hydrogen. (values: H = 1.0, 0 = 16.0, A'= 27.0, Si= 28.1, Ca=40.1) What are the values of x and y? x [oy al a 1 Bl) 2 3 c| 3 3 lo] «6 1 Mis 41P131012, MJ 14/P 11/013 0.02 mol of aluminium is burned in oxygen and the product is reacted with 2.00 mol dm-* hydrochloric acid. What minimum volume of acid will be required for complete reaction? A 18cm? B 20cm* © 30cm? D 60cm (OI torP12/014 ‘Which mass of solid residue can be obtained from the thermal decomposition of 4.10 g of anhydrous calcium nitrate? A 0709 B 1.009 c 1409 D 2259 (Mid 10/P12/Q8, MIJ 10/P11/08, M/J 10/P13/09 2,920 g of a Group Il metal, X, reacts with an excess of chlorine to form 5.287 g of a compodnd with formula XCia s . ‘What is metal X? eG & ‘A barium B calcium © magnesium D strontium ®- ON o8/P1/01 OE ‘Ttaniumi(V) oxide, iz, is brilatly white and much of the oxide produced is used in th-manufacture of paint Whats the maximum amount of TiO, obtainable rom 18.0 tonnes of the ore KenteFeTIO;? A 100t0nnes——«B12.Ttomnes G14 tonnes" Duy 17.7 tonnes,(Chemisty A-Level Paper-1 Classified 23 Read and White Publications Valid till October/November 2021 Exams 42. Mid 18/P13/036 Under room conditions, 600 cm* of a gas, X, has a mass of 0.700 g. What could X be? 1. carbon monoxide 2 ethene 3 nitrogen A B € D 4,2and3 tand2 2and3 1 only ‘are only are only are is consct correct correct correct 43. OIN 17/P11/032, OIN 17/P13/032 dn hydrachioric acid. Which statements about the quantiles 1600 cm? of carbon dioxide are produced at room temy 2 250 cm® of the hydrochloric acid are needed to exactly neutralise the sodium carbonate. 31.46 g of sodium chloride are produced. Na;CO; + 2HCI > 2NaCI + H.0 + COz of substance are correct? iperature and pressure. 7 Gi 5 5 creas acc =a = eo 1.5: Reacting masses and volumes A student makes sodium chloride by reacting together 0.025 mol of sodium carbonate with an excess of 0.2 malChemistry A-Level Paper-t Classified 1.6: Mutple Topics 26 Read and Write Publications Multiple Topics 4. Mid 20/12/02 ‘A.copper ore contains 3.00% of copper carbonate, CuCOs, by mass. Which mass of copper would be obtained from 1 tonne of the ore? A 1.91kg Bo 37tkg cc 15.4kg D 584kg 2. Mid 20/P12/05, In this question you should use changes in oxidation numbers to balance a chemical equation. ‘The following reaction occurs when NinO; is warmed with dilute H»SO. ‘a MnO; +b H* > ¢ Mn +d MnO," +6 H:O What is the ratio of c: din the correctly balanced equation? At B42 © 2:3 D 3:2 3. Mid 207121012 ‘The fifth to eighth ionisation energies of four elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table are shown. Which row refers to chlorine? Tonisation energies kJ mor" 1] ‘fifth sith | seventh | eighth a | e280 | 21200 | 25900 | 30500 B | 6900 aaa | 27100 | 31700 c | 6540 9330 | 11000 | 33600 p | 7240 8790 | 12000 | 13800 | 4. MIS 201P11/08 In this question you should use changes in oxidation numbers to balance a chemical equation. Aciified potassium dichromate(VI) solution can oxidise a solution of V2" ions. The equation for this reaction is shown. ‘a Cr,0;* +b V2 + cH* > d Cr +0 VOs- +f H20 ‘What is the ratio a : b In the correctly balanced equation? Att Bo1:2 c 2:4 Do4:4 5. Mid 20/11/0141 ‘A sample of solid ammonium chloride decomposes on heating. ‘solid ammonium chloride -> ammor A total of 2.4 x 102! molecules of gas is formed. How many hydrogen atoms are present in the gaseous products? z A 12%102 Bo 24x 102 © 48% 108 D 96x10 ‘928 + hydrogen chloride gas 6. MAR 20/P121010 ‘When the equation is correctly balanced, what i the value of ¢? ‘aCzH, + bHzO + cH" + 2MnOx-—> dO2Hy0z + obi? 6 Aa Ba cs D&O 4 7. OIN 19/P11/Q2, O/N 19/P13/Q2 ee Diamond is a pure form of carbon. The mass of a diamond can be measured p.carats, One carat is 0.200 g of n gives the number of carats that contain 6.02 x 10% carbon atoms? 12.0 A 0200 12.0 c ith ‘ 0200 p 0200. 355 120 6.028107 @‘Chemistry A-Level Papert Classified 10, 1. 12, 25 1.6: Multiple Topics Read and Write Publications pie Tor OIN 191P11/09, ON 191P13/09 In the chemical equation, w, x, y and z are all whole numbers. wCIOs" + xMnO,- + YH > wCIO," + xMnO2 + 2H.0 When the equation is balanced, what are w, x and y? < 1 y a 2 8 2}2 c 3 |e 2/2 D Mid 19/11/09 Ethanedioic acid, HOxCCO;H, can be oxidised by KMnO, in dilute sulfuric acid. The products of this reaction are ‘carbon dioxide, water, potassium sulfate and manganese(ll) sulfate. In this reaction each ethanedioic acid molecule loses two electrons as it is oxidised. A half-equation for this process is shown. HO:CCOsH -> 2CO; + 2H" + 26" How many water molecules are produced when five ethanedioic acid molecules are oxidised by KMnO. in dilute sulfuric acid? A 5 B 8 © 10 D 16 Mis 191P13/019 Ina catalytic converter 5.6 g of carbon monoxide reacts with an excess of nitrogen monoxide. What is produced in this reaction? A 24g of C and 6.0 g of NO2 © 88g of CO, and 1.49 of Ne B 24g of Cand 9.2 of NOz D889 of CO; and 2.8 g of Nz MAR 19/P12/Q15 When calcium nitrate thermally decomposes, oxygen is one of the products, Which volume of oxygen is produced under room conditions when 0.50 mol of calcium nitrate thermally decomposes? A 6.0dm? B 120dm* © 18.0dm* D 30.0dms COIN 18/P11/03, OIN 18/P13/Q3, OIN 03/P-1/03 ‘A sample of the hydrocarbon CeH12 is completely burned in dry oxygen and the product gases are collected as shown. [ac He 150,125 164 H,0 + CO; + excess of O, excess oO, sodalime anhydrous calcium (to absorb CO,) chloride (to absoro H,0) ‘The increases in mass of the collecting vessels P and Q of the-apparatis are Mp and Ma, respectively. What is the ratio Mp / Mc? a Y A 041 B 082 © 42 D 24Chemistry A-Level Papert Cassied 25 1.6: Mutiple Tops = ad Read and Write Publications le 43, MNJ 17/P12103 In some fireworks there is @ reaction between powdered aluminium and powdered barium nitrate. Heat Is evolved, an unreactive gas is produced, and all nitrogen atoms are reduced. What i the equation for this reaction? A 2K1+BalNO;),—> Als * BaO + 2NO B_4A1+ ABa(NOs), -> 24/0, + 4Ba(NOz}e + Or © 10Al + 3Ba(NOs)2 > 5A/,03 + 3BaO + 3Nz D — 10A/ + 18Ba(NOs)2 > 10A/(NO3); + 18BaO + 3Nz 14. O1N 16/12/03, People are advised to eat less than 6.00 g of salt (sodium chloride) per day for health reasons. ‘Which mass of sodium is present in 6.00 g of sodium chloride? A 0.2619 B 236g Cc 3649 D 3889 15. OIN 16/11/07, OIN 16/P13/07 ‘The approximate percentage composition of the atmospheres on four diferent planets is given in the table below. Which mixture of gases has the greatest density? [ major gases! x] amor | wee | ez | 00 c| sawn | eos | 35 | 04 16, Mid 16/P12104 In China, the concentration of blood glucose, CsH12Os, is measured in mmol. In Pakistan, the concentration of blood glucose is measured in mg/d. ‘The unit /is a litre (1 dm). The unit d/is a deciltre (0.1 dm’). ‘Ablood glucose concentration of 18.5 mmol indicates a health problem. What is 18.5 mmol// converted to mg/d? A 33.3 mgid! B 178 mgidi 333 mgidt D 3330 mgid! 17, Mid 161P11104 ‘When nuclear reactions take place, the elements produced are different from the elements that reacted. Nuclear ‘equations, such as the one below, are used to represent the changes that occur. 284 In Bat Skr+3)n “The nucleon (mass) number totals constant at 236 andthe proton number totals constant at 9 In another nuclear reaction, uranium-238 is reacted with deuterium atoms, 2H. An isotope of anew element, J Is formed as well as two neutrons. ZY 4 2H ose 2! U4 7H 4230 ‘What is isotope J? é A Np B Py c Np DOHPy, 18. Mid 16/P11/017 A plece of rock has a mass of 2.00 g. It contains calcium carbonate, but no“éther basic substances. It neutralises exactly 36.0 cm? of 0.500 mol dm hydrochloric acid. What is the percentage of calcium carbonate in the 2.00 g piece of rock? A 22.5% B 45.0% c 72.0% oD 90.1%Chemisty A-Level Paper-t Classified a7 1.6: Mutiple Topics 19. 21. 2. 23. 24. 25. Read and White Publications Mis 1611/08 ‘white powder is known to be a mixture of magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide. {00 cm? of 2 mokin* NaOH\aq) i just sufcient to cause the aluminium oxide n x grams ofthe modure fo dissolve. ‘The reaction occurring is AsO, + 20H" + 3H,0 — 2AI(OH). £800 cm of 2 mol drr® HC! (aq) is just sufficient to cause all ofthe oxide in x grams ofthe mixture to dissolve, ‘The reactions occuring are AlzO3 + GH* -> 2Als* + 3H,0 and MgO + 2H" > Mg + H:0. How many moles of each oxide are present in x grams ofthe mixture? ‘aluminium | magnesium oxide | oxide a| 005 0.25 B| 005 050 ce} 010 0.25 p| 010 0.50 Mid 16/P13/015, MIJ 13/P13/012 ‘Anhydrous magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO;)2, will decompose when heated, giving a white solid and a mixture of two gases X and Y. Yis oxygen. massof Xreleased ‘What is the ratio ass of released 4 4 4 4 oara 8 o2e7 c Tae ° 5a ON 15/P13/03, OIN 15/11/03 ‘The compound 8,0; is hydrolysed by water to produce sulfuric acid and oxygen only. Which volume of oxygen, measured at room temperature and pressure, is evolved when 0.352g of $:07 is hydrolysed? A 12cm) Bo 24m? © 48cm? D 96cm? wis 15/P12102 ‘The shell ofa chicken’s egg makes up 5% of the mass of an average egg. An average egg has a mass of 50 g. ‘Assume the egg shell is pure calcium carbonate, How many complete chicken's egg shells would be needed to neutralise 50 em? of 2.0 mol dm ethanoic acid? at B 2 c3 D4 OI 14/P13/06 In some counties, anhydrous calcium chore is used as a drying agent to reduce dampness in houses. The anhydrous salt absorbs enough water to form the dihydrate CaCl, 2H.0. What isthe percentage increase in mass? 6 A 14% B 24% © 32% D 36% OIN 12/P12/Q15, OIN 12/P11/Q15 Ss The nitrates of Berylium, calcium, magnesium, and strontium all decompose in the same Way when heated When 2.00 g of one of these anhydrous nitrates is decomposed, 1.32 9 of gas is produced. What isthe nitrate? A berylium nitrate 8 calcimmnirate magnesium nate. (, stopium nitrate Mid 141P11/026 Q How many moles, of oxygen molecules are needed for the eamplete! ‘combustion of one mole of ‘3emethyipent-2-0ne? ag B c 18 SpChemisty A-Level Paper-t Ciassiied 28. 27. 28. 30. 31, 33, 28 4.6: Maile To Read and Whe Publications ee wid 14/P131024 A student investigates four different fuels. Each fuel is used separately to raise the temperature of 1 dm? of water from 20 *C to 100 °C. Each fuel undergoes complete combustion. All other conditions are the same in each experiment. ‘Which fuel would produce the smallest amount of carbon dioxide in these experiments? ‘el or nol otf A] ethanol 1367hdmor" B | methane 00k mor" c | methane! 715kImor" D | propane 220K) mot" (Mid 12/P12/Q20, M/J 121P11/022, M/S 121P13/024 ‘Asample of ethyl propanoate is hydrolysed by heating under reflux with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The two ‘organic products of the hydrolysis are separated, purified and weighed. ‘Out ofthe total mass of products obtained, what is the percentage by mass of each product? A 32.4% and67.6% B 383% and61.7% C 423 %and57.7% D 50.0% and 50.0% ON 11/P12/02 The following equations the letters W, X, Y and Z all represent whole numbers. When correctly balanced, which equation requires one of letters W. X. Y or Z to be 5? ‘A WCsH,COOH + XO; -» YCO; + ZH © WH:PO,+XNaOH > YNa:HPO, + ZH. BB WC4H, + XO, > YCO, + ZH,0 DD WNH, + XO, YN, + 24,0 ON 11/P12/04 560 kg of nitrogen and 120 kg of hydrogen are pressurised, heated and passed over an iron catalyst. When the ‘mixture of gases reaches equllibrium, it contains 96 kg of hydrogen. Which mass of ammonia does it contain? A 2hkg B 68kg © 136kg D 680kg OM 11/P12/013 ‘Methyl mercaptan, CHsSH, has a foul smell and is often used to impart a smell to natural gas. ‘What willbe formed when CHsSH is bumed in an excess of air? A CO H:0 SQ © CO, HO S02 B CQ HO HS D CO; HO SOs COIN 11/P11/025, OIN 11/P13/025 2.76 g of ethanol were mixed with an excess of aqueous acidified potassium dichromate(VI). The reaction ‘mixture was then boiled under reflux for one hour. The organic product was then collected by distillation. ‘The yield of product was 75.0%. go What mass of product was collected? A 1.989 B 2079 © 2709 D 4809 wis 09/P1/02 a>” 2G ‘A household bleach contains sodium chlorate((), NaCIO, as its active ingredient. The concentration of NaCIO in the bleach can be determined by reacting a known amount with aqueous hydrogen peroxide, H20:. Naci0(aq) + H-02(aq) > NaCKaq) + O2(9) + 1-010. ? When 25.0 cm? of bleach is treated with an excess of aqueous H:0,, 0.0350 mol of oxygh gas is given off. ‘What is the concentration of NaCI in the bleach? Dp A 8.75 x10 mol dm? © 0.875 mol dm. B_ 0.700 mol dar? D 1.40 mold 2? OWN 11/P13/01 ® Lead(IV) chloride wil oxidise bromide jons to bromine. The Po ois are féduced to Pb* ions in this reaction. 176.960 9 of leadtIV) chloride is added to an excess of sodium bromide solution, what mass of bromine would be produced? D A 07999 B 15989 © 3196 95 D 63929Chemistry A-Level Paper-1 Classified 34 2 1.6: Mp Topics Read and Write Publications ale IN o8/P1102 Carbon disulphide vapour burns in oxygen according to the following equation. CSxg) + 30,{9) ~> CO-(a) + 280-49) ‘A sample of 10 cm of carbon disulphide was bumed in 50 cm? of oxygen. After measuring the volume of gas remaining, the product was treated with an excess of aqueous sodium hydroxide and the volume of gas Measured again. All measurements were made at the same temperature and pressure, under such conditions that carbon disulphide was gaseous. What were the measured volumes? volume of gas volume of gas after after burning /cm? adding NaOH(aq)/om? A 30 0 B 30 20 c 50 20 Lo 50 40. Valid till October/November 2021 Exams 35, 37. ‘Mid 20/13/31 Which contain one mole of the underlined substance under room conditions? 1. balloon containing 24.0 dm? of helium 2 a block of calcium carbonate weighing 100.1 3 4000 cm? of a 0.250 mol dm- solution of sulfuric acid A B c D 4,2and3 tend 2 2and3 only are only are only are is correct correct comtect correct MAR 19/P12/031, M/J 16/P12/031 {In an experiment, 10 cm? of an organic compound, J, in the gaseous state was sparked with an excess of ‘oxygen. 20 cm? of carbon dioxide and 5 cm? of nitrogen were obtained among the products. All gas volumes Were measured at the same temperature and pressure. What could be the identity of J? 1 CoHeNe 2 HN 3 CHIN | A a I c D | t2anes tend? | Banda Tony "A a onyare ones i Og | comme conee Crea comet om 197121038 Which reagents, when used in excess, can convert ¥ into 2? ‘CH:CH(OH)CO;H > CHsCH(OH)CO.Na Y Fd DQ ¢ 1 Na LO Se 2 NaxCOs 9 3 NaOH é a | 8 c > 4,2and3 ‘and 2 2and3 ‘only are only are onyare | is corect | correct correct comeet30 Rod and Wie Publications Om0a00wa<<0ma0 ck on semtaiaa Beams of charged particles are deflected by an electrical field. The angle of dellection of a particle is proportional to its charge / mass ratio. In an experiment protons are deflected by an angle of +15°. In another experiment under identical conditions 2H- ions are deflected by an angle of Y°. What is the value of Y? A -30.0 B75 ce +75 D +300 wy teptaa2 Neutrons are passed through an electric fled. The mass of one neutron relative to the mass ofa %C atom ‘and any deflection in the electric field is recorded. Which row is correct?” [7 mass of behaviour of beam of, | neutron | neutrons in an electric field alo eflected B 1 defected sa © ° ot deflected < oi 4 not deflected D ON 171P12101 BE 2 [In which pair do the atoms contain the same number of neutrons? K A "Band 0 B ‘Liand*Be Mg and #6) Nand 10 (Mig 17/P12/Q1, Mid 13/P 13/02 g In which species are the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons all different? 1p Nat st Rg A Fr B Na c HP pwsChemisty ALevel Papert Classifed x3 2.1: Paroles inthe ator aa Per Read and Write Publications 9. Mi 17/P13/01 The ion Y*- contains 18 electrons and has a mass number of 31. How many protons and neutrons does Y* contain? protons | neutrons al 45 16 8 18 18 ce 18 3 o| a 10 10. O/N 16/P11/Q8, OIN 16/P13/05 The *Ge isotope is medically useful because it undergoes a natural radioactive process to give an isotope of @ different element, ®X, which can be used to detect tumours. This transformation of ®Ge occurs when an electron enters the nucleus and changes a proton into a neutron, Which statement about the composition of an atom of 8X is correct?” ‘A. Ithas 4 electrons in its outer p orbitals. © thas 37 neutrons. B__Ithas 13 electrons in its outer shell D Its proton number is 32. 41. MAR 167°12103, Mid 137°12/03, ON 107P11/6, OI 101P19/03, OM OsIPTIG2 Which ion has both more electrons than protons and more protons than neuvons? HH=!H:D=2H;0="o] AD BHO" © on DoF 12, MAR 16P12108 Which species contains the smallest number of electrons? AB BBE oH D He 13. Mi s3/pt1108 In which species are the numbers of protons, neurons and electrons al diferent? a @a 8 Scr cB > MK 14, MIS 417P 12101 Helium, He, is the second element in the Periodic Table. ‘Tritium is the isotope of hydrogen 2H. What is the same in an atom of ‘He and an atom of 7H? ‘A the number of electrons the number of protons B the number of neutrons D__ the relative atomic mass 15, MIJ 10/P12/02, MiJ 10/P11/Q1, MiJ 10/P13/03 7 What could be the proton number of an element that has three unpaired electrons in each of its atoms? A 5 BB c 16 D 21 x Valid till October/November 2021 Exams & 16. MiJ 19/P12/032, M/J 15/P13/031 The technetium-89 isotope, Tc, is radioactive and has been found in lobsters and seaweed near to nuclear fuel reprocessing plants, © Which statements about an atom of Tc are correct? : > 1. Ithas 13 fewer protons than neutrons. % 2 Itforms *To? which has 45 electrons. Wy 9? 3. Ithas 56 nucleons. « A [ B c D 1.2and3 | tand2 2and3 tony | ae | oniyare only are is comet | correct correct correctChemistry A-Level Paper-t Classified 7. 18, 19. 20. 2. 3 2.4: Particles in the atom Read and Write Publications ON 19/P11/031, ON 19/P13/031 ‘particular atom of germanium, Ge, has a nucleon number of 70. Which statoments about a 72Ge atom are correct? 1 Ithas the same numberof electrons as a Seon 2 thas the same numberof neurons as an atom of 82 3 thas ha as many protons as an atom of S24. A B c D 1,2and3 and 2 2ands only are only are ony are 's comtect correct comect correct Mis 191P11/031 ‘An atom of calclum-48 can form a 2+ ion. Which statements about this ion are correct? 1 Ithas 20 protons. 2 Ithas 28 neutrons. 3. Ithas 22 electrons. a) 8 ¢ D 1.2and3 ‘and? 2and3 tly are eniy ae eniy are it corect | correct corect corect | Mis s91P137031 Which deductions about the #5 atom are comet? 1 Ithas 83 electrons. 2 Ithas 126 nucleons. 3. Ithas 83 neutrons. A B ¢ D 4,2and3 ‘and 2 2ands only are only are only are is correct correct correct correct COIN 18/P11/031, OIN 18/P13/031, OIN 14/P 12/031, OIN 14/P11/031 ‘Which ions contain one or more unpaired electrons? 1+ cue 2 Mn A 8 c D 4,2and3 and 2 2and3 tony ‘are only are only are s correct correct correct correct id 18/P12/032 {In which pairs do both species have the same number of electrons? 1 %SCland 27Ci 2 Chand “Ar A I 8 ¢ I D 42and3 | tand2 2and3 tony are only are only are is comrect correct correct correct(Chemisty A-Level Paper-t Classified 2.1: Patil inthe atom 35 Read and Write Publications 22. ON 17/P 12/031 In 2011 an Intemational group of scientists agreed to add two new elements to the Periodic Table. Both elements had been made artificially and are called flerovium, Fl, and livermorium, Ly. FI Ww proton number aa | 16 nucleon number | 289 | 202 From the information about atoms in the table, which statements are correct? 11 One atom of Lv has one more neutron than one atom of FI. 2 One FF ion has the same number of electrons as one atom of Lv. 3 One Lv ion has the same number of electrons as one Fr- ion. A [ a € D 4,2and3 ‘tand2 2and3 only are only are only are is correct correct correct correct 23. Mis 17/P 11/031 Beams of charged particles are deflected by an electric field. In identical conditions the angle of deflection of a particle is proportional to its charge / mass rato. In an experiment, protons are deflected by an angle of +15°. In another experiment under identical conditions, particle Y is deflected by an angle of ~5°. ‘What could be the composition of particle Y? [rotons [ reuons | elcons 1} 1 2 2 2{ 3 | 3 fos of ats [i A 8 € > 12ene3 4 ane2 zane ‘ny a onyare enya * correct comes comect come 24, Mid 16/P11/031, OIN 13/P12/Q31, OIN 13/P 11/031 Xs a particle with 18 electrons and 20 neutrons. ‘What could be the symbol of X? 38 oer 3 Z 1 Ar 2 8a 3 3K @ A 8 [ © D 4,2an3 tand2 | ands tony are only are only are is correct conect. | correct correct 25. Mid 151P12/031 @ Which statements about the phosphide ion, °1P*, and the chloride ion, “Cr, ar@ correct? 1 They have the same number of electrons. oo 2 They have the same number of neutrons. « 3. They have the same number of protons. A 8 c D 4,2and3 4and 2 ands only are only are ony are is corect ‘correct correct correctChemisty A-Level Paper-t Classified 26 2.1: Particles inthe atom 28. 28. Read and Write Publications Mid 15/P11/031, OIN 12/P12/032, OIN 12/P11/032 The Isotope *To is radioactive ‘and has been found in lobsters and seaweed adjacent to nuclear fuel reprocessing plants Which statements are correct about an atom of Tc? 1 Ithas 13 more neutrons than protons. 2 Ithas 43 protons. 3. Ithas 99 nucieons. [ A B c D 4,2and 3 tand2 2and3 ‘only are only are only are is correct correct correct correct Mid 141P13/031 In 2011 an international group of scientists agreed to add two new elements to the Periodic Table. Both elements had been made artifcially and were called ununquadium (Uuq) and ununhexium (Uuh). Wug_[_Uuh proton number aa [168 nucleon number_| 289 | 292 Which statements about these elements are correct? 11 One atom of Uuh has one more neutron than one atom of Uug. 2 One Uug?- ion has the same number of electrons as one atom of Uuh, 3 One Uuh' ion has the same number of electrons as one Uugrion. [a 8 c . 1,2and3 1and2 2and3 only are only are only are is conect correct correct correct COIN 13P13/031 The 'Hs* ion was fist characterised by J. J. Thomson over a century ago. ®Liis a rare isotope of lithium which forms the ®Li* ion. Which statements are correct? 1. Both ions contain the same number of protons. 2 Both ions contain the same number of electrons. 3. Both ions contain the same number of neutrons. A B c D 4,2and 3 tend 2and3 tony are only are only are 's correct correct correct correct e€ M/s 13/P121031 YO” Inch pars do beth species have the same number of unparedpeletons? 2) 2 1 APand O° Nand CF* a 4G and oP a B c D 4,.2and3 tand2 2and3 tony are only are oniy are is correct conect correct correctChemisty ALevel Papert Classes 2 2.4: Paris inthe atm a be Read and Write Publications Partces 30. OM t27P131082 “The phosphide fon $"P and sud ion 325% have the same number of which sub-atomic paricis? 4 neutrons 2 lectons 3 protons A B L c D 1.2and3 ‘anc2 Zens ‘ony 4 eniyare sniper is comrea cored ‘ore corect 31, MIS 12Pt1/040, ms 127P13/099 32. How can a good yield of ethylamine be made using bromoethane as starting material? 1. by heating bromoethane with an excess of ammonia gas in a sealed tube 2. by adding dilute aqueous ammonia to bromoethane at room temperature 3. by heating bromoethane under reflux with aqueous ammonium chloride [ A B T c D | 1.2ana3 tend2 | 2ands tony are only are only are s correct corect | correct, =| coment Mid 09/P1/031 (On a scale in which the mass of a "2C atom is 12 the relative molecular mass of a particular sample of chlorine is 72. ‘Which properties of the atoms in this sample are always the same? 1 radius 2 nucleon number 3 isotopic mass [ A 8 c D | 4,2and3 1 and2 2and3 tony are only are only are is correct correct ‘correct correctChemistry A-Level Paper-1 Classified 2.2: The nucleus of the atom 4. OIN 18/P12103 Rubidium and bromine form ions that are isoelectronic. Each ion has 36 electrons. Which row is correct? | rubidium radi | ore ‘A | atomic ionic © | atomic> toric | atomic < ionic D | atomic> ioric | atomic > ionic 38 Read and Witte Publications Valid till October/November 2021 Exams 2. Mid 19/P13/032 Which statements are correct when referring to the two common isotopes of chlorine? 1 The isotopes have different masses. 2 The sotopes have different numbers of nucleons. 3 The isotopes have the same chemical reactions. A [ B ce D 4,2and3 tend 2 2ands tony are only are only are is correct correct correct correct 12.2: The nucleus ofthe atomChemistry A-Level Paper-1 Classified 3. 39 23: Electrons Read and Write Publications : Electrons: energy levels, atomic orbitals, ionisation energy, electron afflity wy 203701 hin parle has equal numbers of prolans and neuons and an electronic struct of 1225552397 As 3 ca? eon Ds 1s 2013108, on s8PP12108 hata theeloconi confguation ofan lated Nn? A 18?2s*2pt3s?3p*3d"4s? © 18#2s?2p*3s*3p'3d'4s? B 18?2s*2p'3s*3p*3d"4s* D = 18?2s?2p*3s*3pt3d* wu 1911108 The oulomet lect nan stom of neon occupies a patrol Which row Shows the rela energy and shape ths ota? cveig fara ave to other occupied orbitals Sa A | naterorenu @® 2 | eer or oni @ | twereremia @® 2 | toneroreqvl @ wy te 13703 Which stom has exact three unpaired electons? A pnisolts geseois aluminum atom" Gan oaad gaseous chromium alm nlacated gaseous carbon atom B _anisolted gassou poops ston OWN 87614101, ON 1812101 ‘he rt orioneaion energies fo elamantX are shown nthe table inaaton enecy | tst_[ 2na_[_3a [an t vauesismor’ [srr | reno | aae0 | e100 ; Which ion of X is produced by removing an electron from a filled shell? CF ax Be one Dx wi ta 12102 ¢ Te electonie confguraton ofan stam of suri 15252963" Cs How many vince shld unpared econ ere present oe sl atom? : [| sates anet ]enparea |_| “comers” | ston 2 ala 1 eg e| « 2 j e| 6 0 > Lo 8 2 gChemistry A-Level Paper-1 Classified 10. 1. 40 23: Electrons Read and Write Publications ws 18/11/01 This question refers to isolated gaseous atoms. Inwhich atom are all electrons paired? A Ba B Br es Ds (OIN 17/P111Q2, ON 17/P13/Q2, M/J 14/P12/Q10 Shown on the graph are the ‘relative values of the first ionisation energies of four elements that have consecutive atomic numbers. (One of the elements reacts with hydrogen to form a covalent compound with formula HX. ‘Which element could be X? first ‘ionisation ‘energy Fis mor* ‘atomic number wis 171P111012 Why is the second ionisation energy of sodium larger than the second ionisation energy of magnesium? ‘A. The attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron is greater in Na than in Mg. B The nuclear charge of Nat is greater than that of Mg" © The outer electron of Na* is more shielded than the outer electron of Mg" The outer electron of Nais in the same orbital as the outer electron of Mg MAR 17/P12/Q1 Which ion has the same electronic configuration as CI? AF BoP cso D> sit ON 16/P11/013, OIN 16/P13/013 ‘The diagram shows the melting points of eight elements with consecutive atomic numbers. Z Which element could be sodium? ze smelting point/K ‘atomic number GiChemisty A-Level Paper-1 Classified as 23: Electrons 2, 13. 14, 15. 16. 47. 18, 19. Read and Write Publications Mis 161P 12/102 Four electronic configurations are shown below. Three of these configurations belong to atoms of the elements chlorine, sodium and vanadium. Which electronic confguration belongs to an atom of another element? A. 182s?2p%3s1 © tsi2s*2ptastaptadtas? B 182s*2ptas"9p> D 1s%28%2p'as*Sprsdtas? Mid 16/12/03, Elements X and Y are in the same group of the Periodic Table. The table shows the frst six ionisation energies of X and Y in kimot. ‘st_| amd [ae | ah | oh [oh] x | 800 | 1600 | 2400 | 4300 | s400 | 10400 y | 1000 | 1800 | 2700 | 4800 | 6000 | 12300 ‘What could be the identities of X and Y? x | y¥ ‘A | antimony, Sb | arsenic, As B | arsenic, As | antimony, Sb ¢ | selenium, Se | tellurium, Te D | tollurium, Te | selenium, Se Mis 161P13/05 Which isolated gaseous atom has a total of five electrons occupying spherically shaped orbitals? ‘A. boron B fluorine sodium D potassium MAR 16/12/02 For the element sulfur, which pair of ionisation energies has the largest difference between them? ‘A third and fourth ionisation energies C fifth and sixth ionisation energies. B__ fourth and fith ionisation energies D sixth and seventh ionisation energies OIN 15/P11/01, OIN 15/P13/Q1, ON 12/P13/Q7, OIN O3/P1/5 ‘The table gives the successive ionisation energies for an element X. [ tst_[ and [ aed [ath | sth | th ionisation energy/kimor | 950 | 1800 | 2700 | +800 | 6000 | +2300 ‘What could be the formula of a chloride of X? A Xcl B XCh © xCh D xCh Mid 48/P11/02 ‘Which quantity gives the best indication of the relative strengths of the hydrogen bonds betweén the folecules in liquid hydrogen halides? ; ‘A. bond dissociation energies © enthalpy changes of solution << B enthalpy changes of formation D__ enthalpy changes of vaporisation Mig tarestia1 WY | ‘Atoms of element X have six unpaired electrons. ~@ ~ ‘What could be element X? ge A. carbon B chromium © iron {Dg selenium OIN 13/P12/Q6, OIN 13/P11104 In which set do all species contain the same numberof electrons? ‘A Cot, Co™, Cot © Nat, Mg ARE BF.Br,cr D _K,S804, KzSe0,, K:TeO.(Chemisty A-Level Paper-t Classified 42 23: Electrons 21. 23. 24. 28. Read and Write Publications wis 14/13/04 ‘The most common jon-molecule reaction in gas clouds of the Universe is as shown. Hag) + Hs"(g) -» H(g) + Hs"(9) What could be the composition of an Hs*ion? [Towers [near [atone | fal? ta | “| B 2 1 | c| 3 | o o| 3s | o IN 13/P12/19, OIN 13/P11/19 Consecutive elements X, Y and Z are in the third period of the Periodic Table. Element Y has the highest first ionisation energy and the lowest melting point ofthese three elements. What could be the identities of X, Y and 2? ‘A. sodium, magnesium, aluminium © aluminium, silicon, phosphorus B magnesium, aluminium, siticon D silicon, phosphorus, sulfur Om 13113104 Element X forms X- ions that can be oxidised to element X by acidified potassium manganate(Vil) ‘What could be the values of the first four ionisation energies of X? st 2nd 31d ath A| 418 | 3070 | 4600 5860 B| os77 1e20 | 2740 | 41600 c| 590 1150 | 4940 6480 p| toi | 1840 | 2040 4030 Mid 13/P13103 The first six ionisation energies of four elements are given. Which element is most likely to be in Group IV of the Periodic Table? ionisation energy/kImor aat_[ 2nd] 3a | ath | sth | ath a | 494 | 4560 | 6040 | 9540 | 19.400 | 16600 B | 736 | 1450 | 7740 | 10500 | 13600 | 18000 c¢ | 1090 | 2350 | 4610 | 6220 | 37.800 | 47 000 1400 | 2860 | 4590 | 7480 | 9400 | 53200 Mid 121414101, MJ 12/P13/02 In which species does the underlined atom have an incomplete outer shell? A BFs BCH © FO (O1N 11/P12/03 £ From which particle Is the removal of an electron the most difficult? SX. A cra) B Fi) © KG) 4. sD Naa) IN 11/P11/03, OIN 41/P13/02 Which element has an equal number of electron pairs and of wipaired ‘electrons within orbitals of principal quantum number 2? A. berylium B carbon © “trogen DoxygenChemistry A-Level Paper-1 Classified 43 23: Electrons 27. 30. at. Read and Write Publications MIS 11711701, Mid 11/13/01 Which equation represents the second ionisation energy of an element X? A X(g) > X2(Q) + 20 © X(g)+ 26> xg) BX!) 9 X"(g) +e DX) +e" + X49) Mig 111P11705, Mis 111P13/02 Which factor helps to explain why the fist ionisation energies of the Group | elements decrease from lithium to sodium to potassium to rubidium? ‘A The nuclear charge of the elements increases. B The outer electron is in ans’ subshell. © The repulsion between spin-paired electrons increases. D__ The shielding effect ofthe inner shells increases. (IN 10/P11/02, OIN 10/P13/01 {A simple ion X" contains eight protons. What isthe electronic configuration of X*2 A ts? 2st 2p6 BB 1s? 2s? 2p? Cts? 2s? pS Dts? 26? 2p? COIN 10/P11/013, ON 10/P13/016 \Why is the first ionisation energy of phosphorus greater than the first ionisation energy of silicon? ‘AA phosphorus atom has one more proton in its nucleus. B__ The atomic radius of a phosphorus atom is greater. © The outer electron in a phosphorus atom is more shielded. D__ The outer electron in a phosphorus atom is paired, Mid 10/12/03, MiJ 10/P11/02, Mid 10/P13/02 The elements radon (Rn), francium (Fr) and radium (Ra) have consecutive proton numbers in the Periodic Table. What is the order of their first ionisation energies? Teast most endothermic endothermic a Fr Ra Rn 8 Fr Ro Ra © Re Fr Ro D Ra Ra Fr Mis 09/P 1/03 The first seven ionisation energies ofan element between ithium and neon in the Periodic Table are a6olows. 1310 3390 5320745011000 13300 71000 kimor! = What is the outer electronic configuration of the element? . A 2st B 2s%2p! © ast2pt D_ astapt OM os/P1i03 SS’ & In which pair do both atoms have one electron only in an s orbital in their round states? A Ca,Sc B Cu,Be © H.He DOU, Gr OM o8iP1104 D @ Hard water contains calcium ions and hydrogencarbonate ions” atising trom dissolved calcium hydrogencarbonate, Ca(HCOs)z. WR How many electrons are present in the hydrogencarbonate anion? A 30 Boat © 32

4 iron 2 gallium 3 copper ; pa [| ses | ¢«¢ | »o | 4,2and3 tand2 2and3 are only are only are correct correct correctChemisty Ave Paper 6 2: Becons Fuad and Wie Publeatons 38. wid 20121034 Sodium and furine are bth reactive element. Two atoms are describe. F [Na aomicnunber | 8 | ruceon number | 19 | 28 Wich statements about these two atoms, andthe lon ey can fr, ae caret? 1 One Na com has wo more pote nan one Fen 2 Shona stom ha to more hourons tan oe F stom, 2 One at ionhas the same number ot ledvons as one FIon A 3 ¢ 3 taands tana ans tony “ one covyae s coreet ret Sect comet 38. mid terptvase Four element, WX, and 2, have electronic contguations as shown. Te aa com Naeoe leech \Which omuae represent compounds that have boling pls Below oom temperature? 1 WXe 2 YX 3 ZX A 6 é D hens tend Denes Ten = care cage . cornet Covet ied sormet 40. M/J 17/P13/Q31 Which statements about the atoms “Na and “Mg are correct? 1 "They ave the same mumbo’ of filed electon oral 2 Theyhave he some numberof neuton. 3 They are bot reducing oper I A B c D veerd3 | tans Bane Tony a = ones cya : G coret ea Sot coma | co 41, M/S 167131031 Of & Compound X is made from two elements. One element has the second highest value of first ionisation energy in its group and the other element has the third highest value of first ionisation energy in its group, Wile compounds cul be compound X? wore rate cho Yo 2 mmgnesum bromide . 3 pote sume a ' |e D ‘ads | tonae | eras ‘ew = cares | Gives i cone | comtect correct contestChemistry A-Level Paper-1 Classified 23: Electrons 48 Read and Write Publications 42, Mid 16/P 12/035, M/J 13/P11/034 ‘The first ionisation energies of twenty successive elements in the Periodic Table are represented in the graph. ‘The letters given are not the normal symbols for these elements. fst ionisation ‘energy mat * 1000 500. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST element Which statements about this graph are correct? 1 Elements B, J and R are in Group 0 of the Periodic Table. 2 Atoms of elements D and L contain two electrons in their outer shells. 3 Atoms of elements G and O contain a half-filed p subshell A 8 € > 4,2and3 1 and2 2and3 ‘only are only are only are is correct |__ corest correct correct 43. OIN 15/P121032 ‘Which ofthe following influence the size of the ionisation energy of an atom? 1 the amount of shielding by the inner electrons 2 the charge on the nucleus 3. the distance between the outer electrons and the nucleus A B c D 4,2and3 4 and 2 2and3 4 only are oniy are only are is |__sorect correct correct correct 44, OIN 15/P11/031, OIN 15/P13/031 Which statements about orbitals in a krypton atom are correct? 1 The 18 and 2s orbitals have the same energy as each other but different si 2 The third energy level (n=3) has three subshells and nine orbitals. 3 The 3d subshell has five orbitals that have the same energy as each A 8 c D x? 1.2and 3 4 and2 2and3 toy are only ae only are s correct correct correct correctChemistry A-Level Paper-1 Classified 45. Mid 121P11/Q32, MiJ 12/P13/032 47 2.3: Electrons Read and Write Publications Inwhich pairs do both species have the same number of unpaired p electrons? 1 Oandcr 2 Frand Go 3° PandNet A B c D 4,2and3 tand2 2and3 only are only are only are is correct correct correct correctChemisty A-Level Paper-t Classified 2.4: Mutiple Topics 48 Read and Wie Publications 2.4: Multiple Topics 4. Mid 19/P12102 Oxygen has three stable isotopes, 190, 70 and "#0. All three isotopes are present in a sample of oxygen gas, 2, which was analysed using a mass spectrometer. How many peaks associated with the 0," ion would be expected? A 3 Bos c 6 do 2. my iret1a4 Ute pope fa tom dos not aes et nston eno? A pe slmereais tember of neutons B themumbe’ of eect hes D the rumbe arto 3. wis tras, wu r2Praa0 hich aac ashe argent vera dle? 4 CH, CH, Vo a PN 8 fo Xow, el / f cf ‘cH 4. MIS 171P11109 ‘When K:MnO, is dissolved in water, the following reaction occurs. ‘aMn0,?-(aq) + bH20(1) > cMnO,-(aq) + dNInO,(s) + eOH-(aq) What are the values of a and c in the balanced chemical equation? ¢ com> ul 5. Mid 16/P13/06 ‘Carbon and silicon have the same outer electronic structure. Why is a Si-Si bond weaker than a C-C bond? ‘A Sllicon atoms have a larger atomic radius than carbon atoms. B Silicon has a greater nuclear charge than carbon. © Silicon has a smaller first ionisation energy than carbon. D Silicon is more metallic than carbon. 6. Mi 18/P13/017 ‘This question refers to isolated gaseous species. ‘The species F, Ne and Na* are isoelectronic. This means they have the same number of electrons. In which order do their radii increase? © smallest ——» _ largest Y Al Na & Ne NOR 8 FE Ne Net ec] Nat Ne F - p| Ne FE Nat o(Chemisty A-Level Paper-t Classified 2.4: Mutiple Topics 49 Read and Witte Publications 7. Mid 48/P12I01 In which option do all three particles have the same electronic configuration and the same number of neutrons? AEN OE 1B MOR EE Ne CME Ne ZNat D 2Ne 2Na ¥Mge 8, MJ 14/P13/016 ‘The species Ne, Na‘ and Mg? are isoelectronic. This means that they have the same number of electrons. In which order do their radii increase? [| seats rae al Ne Naw ug ie Ne Mg? Net Jc] mg Ne Net Lo | ug Net Ne 9. Mid 13/P12/02 Equations involving four enthalpy changes are shown, Na(g) —» Na*(g) + e~ Na(g) > Na*(g) + 26- Nats) — Nava) Na(s) > Na2(g) + 26- What is the second ionisation energy of sodium? A x B X-W c yY-w D z-Y 10. Mid A3/P12IO16 ‘The trends in three physical properties of the elements Na, Mg, Al, Si, P and S are shown in the graphs. A ol ol Na Mg Ar Si PS. Na Mg Al Si PS Na Mg AIS POS Which physical property is not illustrated? A atomic radius © first ionisation energy B electrical conductivity D_ melting point 11. MNJ 13/11/04 e ‘The elements radon (Rn), francium (Fr) and radium (Ra) have proton numbers 86, 87 and 88 respectively. ‘What is the order oftheir first ionisation energies? 5S Teast most | endothermic endothermic . alo Ra Rn eg B Fr Rn Ra g c] Re fr Rn ee o| rn Ra freChemisty A-Level Paper-t Classified 2.4: Multiple Topics 50 Read and Write Publications 42. ON 12/P12/02, OI 12141102 Sh ‘Ge isotope ts medical usetul because I undergoes a natural radioactive process to give 2 galium ieolope, Ga, which canbe used to detect tumours. This ranormation of Ge occurs when an alacton enters the mucieus, changing a proton ito a neuron. Which statement about the compostion ofan atom ofthe ®Ga isotope is correct? A. thas electrons nits ouerp svbehel..—C_‘Ithas 37 neurons. B_Ithas 19 electrons ints outer shel D Is proton numbers 32 13. OIN 12/P12/Q9, O/N 12/P11/Q9, M/J 07/P1/Q3, Sohn Dator'saiomie theory, pubshed In 1808, contained four predictions about atoms. Which of his predictions tt considered tobe corect? A Allatoms are very smal in size. B_Allthe atoms ofa partcular element have the same mass © _Alltheatoms of one element are diferent in mass from all the atoms of other elements, DNoatom can be spl into simpler part 14. Mi s2ppt21a2 Infich species are the numbers of protons, neutrons and elcrons al ferent? a te ete c Ne > Mg 45, Mid 12712108 ‘The value of the third ionisation energy of aluminium is 2740 kJ mol, Which correctly represents this statement?” A AQ) > ABQ) +3e AH? =-2740 kJ mol B AR(g)-> ARQ) +e" AH? = -2740 kd mol © Ag) +AR%(g)+3e" AH = +2740 kd mol DAR (g) > ABg) +e" AH = +2740 ki mol 16. MNJ 12/11/04, Mid 121P13/03, ‘The value of the second ionisation energy of calcium is 1150 kJ mol ‘Which equation correctly represents this statement? A. Calg) -> Ca?*(g) + 26°; AH? = +1150 kJ mol B Cat(g) > Cat(g) +e ; AH? = +1150 kJ mot* © CaY(g)-» Ca™(g) +e: AH? = -1150 kJ mot* D_ Calg) > Ca?*(g) + 26°; AH® = -1150 kJ mot 47. M/d 121P 11/08, MIJ 121P13/06 Two conversions are outlined below. NH > NH Cate > Cee fs What similar feature do these two conversions have? ‘A. alone pair of electrons in the product, BB change in oxidation state of an element © decrease in bond angle of the species involved D disappearance of a x bond‘Chemisty A-Level Paper-t Classified 51 2.4: Mutiple Topics Val 18. 21. Read and Write Publications id till October/November 2021 Exams Mid 207121031 Scientists are trying to synthesise a new element with proton number 119. The element is predicted to be @ Group 1 element in Period 8 of the Periodic Table. Which predictions are likely to be correct about this element? 1 The outermost occupied orbital of one atom of this element will be an s orbital, 2 The atomic radius willbe the largest of the seven elements in Group 1 3. twill have a greater first ionisation energy than element 118. A B c D 1,2and3 1.and 2 2and3 tony ‘are coniy are only are s correct correct correct correct ON 197121031 ‘Which gaseous molecules are polar? 1 ammonia 2 hydrogen sulfide 3. boron triftuoride: A 8 ce D 4,2and3 4 and 2 2and3 4 only are oni are only are is conect | __conect correct comtect IN 19/P 11/032, OIN 19/P13/032 ‘The first ionisation energy of chlorine is greater than that of sulfur. Which factors contribute to this? 11 Chlorine has more protons in its nucleus than sulfur does. 2 Chlorine has greater electron shielding than sulfur does. 3 The covalent bonds in chlorine molecules are stronger than those in sulfur molecules, [ A 8 c D | tzane3 4 and 2 2and3 1 only | are only are only are is | correct correct correct correct Mid 19/P12/031 ‘When O2 reacts with HS the products are SO; and H:O. a Mixture Y contains an equal number of the two molecules shown, and no other molecules. 8g 1H- 2g _1 g So=o TH-%s—1H S Which statements about Y are correct? 4 The average Min is 34, 2. Ifeome oxygen molecules are removed fram Y, the average Me ofthe mistur teal the same 3° When misture Yl ignited, some HS remains unreacted. g A 8 c D oO 1,2and3 tand2 2ans only » are conty are only are is correct comect correct correct(Chemistry ALevel Paper-1 Classified 2.4; Multiple Topios 52 Read and Write Publications 22. MAR 191P12/032 In which pairs do both species have the same number of unpaired electrons in p orbitals? 1 Oandcr 2) Frand Gar 3 Nand kre A B € D 1,2and3 | © tand2 2and3 tony | ae only are only are is |__corect correct correct correct 23, O1N17/P11/031, OIN 17/P13/31 ‘The definitions of many chemical terms can be illustrated by chemical equations. Which terms can be illustrated by an equation thal includes the formation of a positive ion?” 1. frstionisation energy 2 helerolytic fission of a covalent bond 3. enthalpy change of atomisation ' A B c I D 4,2and3 4 and 2 2ands only ‘are only are only are is comrect correct correct correct 24. OIN 15/P121031 ‘The relative molecular mass, M, of a particular sample of chlorine is 72.0. \Whch properties of the atoms in this sample will be the same forall of the atoms? 1 radius 2 nucleon number ‘3 isotopic mass A 8 c D 4,2and3 tand2 2and3 only are only are only are is correct correct correct correct 25. OIN 14/P13/032 Which statements are correct when referring to the isotopes of a single element? 1 The isotopes have different masses. 2 The isotopes have different numbers of nucleons. 3. The isotopes have different chemical reactions. A 8 c 4,2and3 tand2 2and3 are only are only are correct comtect correct 26. MNJ 131P13/032 Wich statements are correct when referring to the atoms 1 They have the same number of full electron orbitals. 2 They have the same number of neutrons. 3 They are both reducing agents. A 8 ce 4,2and3 and 2 ands are only are only are comrect correct correct