Palm Fruit Bunch Production ID 2012 Undefined

Ecoinvent 3.7.
1 dataset documentation
palm fruit bunch production - ID
Dataset identification Table of content

Activity name palm fruit bunch production Exchange summary
geography ID (Indonesia) Dataset description
Time period 2009-01-01 to 2012-12-31 Detailed information for exchanges

Valid for the entire period
Sources
Synonym None Notes: This document contains only an extract of
ISIC rev.4 ecoinvent 0126: Growing of oleaginous fruits the information in the dataset. Additional data
about properties of exchanges, mathematical
Reference product palm fruit bunch relations, parameters, and contact information for
authors and reviewers are available in the full
CPC classification 01491: Palm nuts and kernels dataset, i.e. in ecoSpold format. Amount and
Dataset type identity of the exchanges in an undefined dataset
Ordinary transforming activity
are independent of modeling choices of the
Technology level Current different system models. Linked dataset are
available in separate documents.
Version - system
model 3.7.1 - Undefined Link to the dataset on the ecoinvent website
Dataset authorship
Role Name, organisation
Data generator Vincent Rossi, Quantis
Data entry Vincent Rossi, Quantis
Review Assumpció ANTON, Institut de Reserca i Technologica Agroalimentaries
Exchange summary
Material for Byproduct
Reference products Amount
treatment classif.
allocatable
palm fruit bunch no 1 kg
product
Material for Byproduct
By-products Amount
treatment classif.
waste wood, untreated yes Waste 0.0792 kg
Inputs from technosphere Amount
ammonium sulfate 0.00036 kg
diesel, burned in agricultural machinery 0.132 MJ
establishing orchard 0.000338 unit
fruit tree seedling, for planting 0.000338 unit
glyphosate 0.000137 kg
inorganic nitrogen fertiliser, as N 0.0025 kg
inorganic phosphorus fertiliser, as P2O5 0.00075 kg
irrigation 0.0278 m3
land use change, perennial crop 5.24e-05 ha
liquid manure spreading, by vacuum tanker 0.000149 m3
manure, liquid, cattle 0.125 kg
manure, liquid, swine 0.0139 kg
manure, solid, cattle 0.108 kg
packaging, for fertilisers 0.0523 kg
packaging, for pesticides 0.000309 kg
phosphate rock, beneficiated 0.000333 kg
planting tree 0.000338 unit
page 1
Ecoinvent 3.7.1 dataset documentation

potassium chloride 0.0325 kg
poultry manure, dried 0.0434 kg
poultry manure, fresh 0.00481 kg
pyrethroid-compound 1.78e-05 kg
solid manure loading and spreading, by hydraulic loader and spreader 0.151 kg
transport, tractor and trailer, agricultural 0.00562 ton*km
urea 0.00417 kg
Inputs from environment Amount
Carbon dioxide, in air 1.11 kg
Energy, gross calorific value, in biomass 15.1 MJ
Occupation, permanent crop, irrigated 0.596 m2*year
Transformation, from permanent crop, irrigated 0.0297 m2
Transformation, to permanent crop, irrigated 0.0297 m2
Emissions to air Amount
Ammonia 0.00107 kg
Carbon dioxide, fossil 0.00458 kg
Dinitrogen monoxide 0.000192 kg
Nitrogen oxides 0.000216 kg
Water 0.0179 m3
Emissions to water Amount
Cadmium, ion 1.19e-08 kg
Chromium, ion 2.13e-06 kg
Copper, ion 1.97e-06 kg
Lead 3.46e-07 kg
Mercury 3.36e-09 kg
Nickel, ion 9.28e-07 kg
Nitrate 0.0346 kg
Phosphate 5.98e-05 kg
Phosphorus 3.18e-05 kg
Water 0.00987 m3
Zinc, ion 4.07e-06 kg
Emissions to soil Amount
Cadmium 2.12e-08 kg
Chromium -1.32e-06 kg
Copper -3.03e-06 kg
Cypermethrin 1.78e-05 kg
Glyphosate 0.000137 kg
Lead -1.93e-07 kg
Mercury -2.46e-09 kg
Nickel -2.85e-07 kg
Zinc -3.24e-06 kg
Dataset description
General comments
This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of palm fruit bunch. The average yield from 2009 - 2012 is 16.82
t/ha. The data are representative for palm bruit bunch production in Indonesia used for palm oil production for the
export market. Mineral NPK fertiliser input is 81-14-345 kg/ha. Organic fertilisers applied amount to 2.51 m3/ha of
liquid manure and 2.54 t/ha of solid manure. Total active ingredients (a.i.) applied as pesticides amount to 2.6 kg
a.i./ha.
page 2
The dataset was modelled within the project "World Food LCA database (WFLDB)". The aim of this project was to
provide inventories of a broad variety of agricultural products and processes and to cover for each product at least
50% of the global export market. The export share of palm oil produced in Indonesia amounts to 47% of the global
export (tonnage exported in 2010). The production system regarded in this dataset aimed at representing palm
fruit bunches produced in Indonesia for the export market.
PEF-Quality: data quality rating (DQR) = 2.2 (i.e. good quality). This dataset refers to an average situation; for
specific situations exchanges might differ substantially due to site specific parameters.
Included activities start
This activity starts with the nursery producing fruit tree seedlings, i.e.grafted young trees to be planted.
Included activities ends
This activity ends with the waste treatment after the clearing of the orchard (rooting up the trees). The dataset
includes all activities during a year in the productive phase of the orchard including the establishment phase per
year of lifetime (20 years), the clearing of the orchard including waste treatment. The establishment phase of the
orchard includes tree nursery, soil cultivation, planting trees, sowing grass, installation of trellis system (posts and
wires) and irrigation. Fertiliser and pesticide use in a year of the establishment phase is assumed to be half of the
amount of a year in the productive phase.The productive phase of the orchard includes machine operations,
corresponding infrastructure, fuel use and sheds. Machine operations in the productive phase are: soil cultivation
(mulching, mowing), fertiliser and pesticide application, harvesting and irrigation. Further, direct field emissions
and land use change are included. At the end of the productive phase the orchard is cleared by rooting up the
trees.The inputs of seedlings, fertilisers and pesticides as well as packaging of fertilisers and pesticides are
considered. The dataset doesn"t include emissions from manure storage because these are within the system
boundary of animal production. Heavy metal uptake by the crop is considered.
Sampling procedure
WFLDB Methodological Guidelines for the Life Cycle Inventory of Agricultural Products in the latest version,
available at: https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports. Data sources: Data were categorised from level 0 (L0) to
level (L4) as follows: L0 = estimate, proxy; L1 = statistical data (e.g. FAOSTAT); L2 = L1 adapted to crop and
country; L3 = literature data or L1 resp. L2 data approved by experts; medium detailing (i.e. kg of total N-fertiliser);
L4 = L3 data of high detailing (i.e. portion N-fertiliser types).In this dataset data were obtained for yield: L3;
Fertilisers: L4; Pesticides: L1; Machinery: L0; Irrigation: L2. For information regarding the calculation of individual
exchanges see supporting documentation WFLDB-Documentation.pdf.
Technology comments
Conventional production.
Detailed information for exchanges

Reference product Annual prod.vol. Amount
palm fruit bunch 5.73e+9 kg 1 kg
Comment: Pal fruit bunch, Indonesian production. Yield = 16824.0 kg/ha.
Production volume comment: Source: FAOSTAT. Average, 2009-2012
By-product Annual prod.vol. Amount

waste wood, untreated 4.54e+8 kg 0.0792 kg
Comment: Wood from trees after 1-2 years of sorrage at the field (20% water) per lifetime year (20 years) of the orchard.
Production volume comment: Calculated from the reference product amount and production volume
Uncertainty distribution: lognormal; GSD2: 1.41; Pedigree matrix: [2, 1, 1, 1, 1]

ammonium sulfate 0.00036 kg
Comment: Calculated based on literature values: The nutrient content of the crop multiplied by the country-share of the fertiliser type (IFA
2014). See supporting documentation "WFLDB-Documentation.pdf" chapter "Fertiliser application" for L1 data and appendix for the source of
nutrient content (https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports). Corresponds to 6.06 kg/ha.
page 3

diesel, burned in agricultural machinery 0.132 MJ
Comment: Literature value or expert estimation (Schmidt 2007).
Source: Schmidt J.H. 2007
establishing orchard 0.000338 unit

Comment: D7bd5819-f76d-410004-806f-daf6983d84c5; Literature value or expert estimation (Zulkifli et al. 2009 AND NaanDanJain
Irrigation 2011 AND Schmidt 2007). This is the number of trees per ha divided by the lifetime years of the orchard.
fruit tree seedling, for planting 0.000338 unit

Comment: D7bd5819-f76d-410004-806f-daf6983d84c5; Literature value or expert estimation (Zulkifli et al. 2009 AND NaanDanJain
Irrigation 2011 AND Schmidt 2007). This is the number of trees per ha divided by the lifetime years of the orchard.
glyphosate 0.000137 kg
inorganic nitrogen fertiliser, as N 0.0025 kg

inorganic phosphorus fertiliser, as P2O5 0.00075 kg

irrigation 0.0278 m3
Comment: Calculated value: The total amount of water used for irrigation (calculated from evapotranspiration, Pfister et al. 2011) multiplied
by the share of irrigation technique (Expert estimate based on literature data showing that drip irrigation in rapid development in Indonesia).
See supporting documentation "WFLDB-Documentation.pdf" chapter "Water use for irrigation" for L1 data
(https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports).
land use change, perennial crop 5.24e-05 ha

Comment: Calculated value. Land use change (LUC) combines land transformation areas calculated with the adapted "Direct Land Use
Change Assessment Tool" version 2014 developed by Blonk Consultants and the carbon losses from soil organic carbon (SOC) and
vegetation (VEG) as calculated in ecoinvent v3. See "WFLDB-Guidelines.pdf", available at https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports.
liquid manure spreading, by vacuum tanker 0.000149 m3

Comment: This amount corresponds to the input of liquid manure.
manure, liquid, cattle 0.125 kg

Comment: Calculated based on literature values: The total amount of manure multiplied by the country-share of manure per animal category
(FAOSTAT 2015). See supporting documentation "WFLDB-Documentation.pdf" chapter "Fertiliser application"
(https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports). Corresponds to 2.11 m3/ha.
manure, liquid, swine 0.0139 kg

page 4

manure, solid, cattle 0.108 kg
(https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports). Corresponds to 1820.0 kg/ha.
packaging, for fertilisers 0.0523 kg

Comment: Total amount of active substance/s of fertilisers needed for the production of "palm fruit bunch" is calculated to be circa 2.62E-02
kg. Fertiliser/s used in this dataset is/are: "ammonium sulfate, as N", "nitrogen fertiliser, as N", "phosphate fertiliser, as P2O5", "phosphate
rock, as P2O5, beneficiated, dry", "potassium chloride, as K2O", "urea, as N". The total amount of active substance/s is doubled in order to
account for the packaging of the dilluted product of fertiliser/s that is/are applied. Therefore, 5.23E-02 kg of packaging for fertilisers is justified
with this exchange.
packaging, for pesticides 0.000309 kg

Comment: Total amount of active substance/s of pesticides needed for the production of palm fruit bunch is calculated to be circa 1.55E-04
kg. Pesticide/s used in this dataset is/are: "glyphosate", "pyrethroid-compound". The total amount of active substance/s is doubled in order to
account for the packaging of the dilluted product of pesticide/s that is/are applied. Therefore, 3.09E-04 kg of packaging for pesticides is
justified with this exchange.
phosphate rock, beneficiated 0.000333 kg

Comment: The exchange has been updated from "phosphate rock, as P2O5, beneficiated, dry" into "phosphate rock, beneficiated" and
therefore its amount has been scaled (multiplied) from 0.0001 kg by 3.125 kg of "phosphate rock, beneficiated" per kg of "phosphate rock, as
P2O5, beneficiated, dry". Original comment of the exchange is: Calculated based on literature values: The nutrient content of the crop
multiplied by the country-share of the fertiliser type (IFA 2014). See supporting documentation "WFLDB-Documentation.pdf" chapter
"Fertiliser application" for L1 data and appendix for the source of nutrient content (https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports). Corresponds
to 1.79 kg/ha.
planting tree 0.000338 unit

Comment: Literature value or expert estimation (Zulkifli et al. 2009 AND NaanDanJain Irrigation 2011 AND Schmidt 2007). This is the
number of trees per ha divided by the lifetime years of the orchard.
potassium chloride 0.0325 kg

Comment: The exchange has been updated from "potassium chloride, as K2O" into "potassium chloride" and therefore its amount has been
scaled (multiplied) from 0.0205 kg by 1.5829 kg of "potassium chloride" per kg of "potassium chloride, as K2O". Original comment of the
exchange is: Calculated based on literature values or expert estimation: The total amount of nutrient (FAO 2005) multiplied by the share of
fertiliser type (FAO 2005). See supporting documentation "WFLDB-Documentation.pdf" chapter "Fertiliser application" for L3 and L4 data
Source: FAO 2005
poultry manure, dried 0.0434 kg

poultry manure, fresh 0.00481 kg

pyrethroid-compound 1.78e-05 kg
page 5

solid manure loading and spreading, by hydraulic loader and spreader 0.151 kg
Comment: This amount corresponds the input of solid manure.
transport, tractor and trailer, agricultural 0.00562 ton*km

Comment: On-farm transport: Yield (in tonnes) multiplied by the average distance from field to farm. The distance was obtained from
literature or expert estimation (Schmidt 2007).
urea 0.00417 kg
Comment: The exchange has been updated from "urea, as N" into "urea" and therefore its amount has been scaled (multiplied) from 0.0019
kg by 2.1438 kg of "urea" per kg of "urea, as N". Original comment of the exchange is: Calculated based on literature values: The nutrient
content of the crop multiplied by the country-share of the fertiliser type (IFA 2014). See supporting documentation
"WFLDB-Documentation.pdf" chapter "Fertiliser application" for L1 data and appendix for the source of nutrient content
Inputs from environment Subcompartment Amount
Carbon dioxide, in air in air 1.11 kg
Comment: Calculated value: CO2 uptake by biomass. Dry matter content = 53%.
Energy, gross calorific value, in biomass biotic 15.1 MJ

Comment: Calculated value: dry matter content = 53%.
Occupation, permanent crop, irrigated land 0.596 m2*year

Comment: Related to the duration from harvest date of previous crop to harvest date of main crop.
Transformation, from permanent crop, irrigated land 0.0297 m2

Comment: 10000 m2 divided by the life time of the perennial crop (20 years).
Transformation, to permanent crop, irrigated land 0.0297 m2

Comment: 10000 m2 divided by the life time of the perennial crop (20 years).
Emissions to air Subcompartment Amount

non-urban air or
Ammonia 0.00107 kg
from high stacks
Comment: Calculated value - EMEP/EEA (2013). See "WFLDB-Guidelines.pdf", available at https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports.
Source: EEA 2013
non-urban air or
Carbon dioxide, fossil 0.00458 kg
from high stacks
Comment: Calculated value - CO2 emissions from urea and lime. See "WFLDB-Guidelines.pdf", available at
https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports.
non-urban air or
Dinitrogen monoxide 0.000192 kg
from high stacks
Comment: Calculated value - IPCC (2006). See "WFLDB-Guidelines.pdf", available at https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports.
Source: IPCC 2006
page 6
Emissions to air Subcompartment Amount

non-urban air or
Nitrogen oxides 0.000216 kg
from high stacks
Comment: Calculated value - EEA/EMEP (2013). See "WFLDB-Guidelines.pdf", available at https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports.
Source: EEA 2013
non-urban air or
Water 0.0179 m3
from high stacks
Comment: Calculated value - Emission calculated from water balance. See "WFLDB-Guidelines.pdf", available at
Emissions to water Subcompartment Amount

Cadmium, ion ground- 2.02e-09 kg
Comment: Calculated value - Freiermuth (2006). See "WFLDB-Guidelines.pdf", available at https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports.
Source: Freiermuth R. 2006
Cadmium, ion surface water 9.88e-09 kg

Chromium, ion ground- 1.06e-06 kg

Chromium, ion surface water 1.07e-06 kg

Copper, ion ground- 2.03e-07 kg

Copper, ion surface water 1.76e-06 kg

Lead ground- 1.01e-08 kg

Lead surface water 3.35e-07 kg

Mercury surface water 3.23e-09 kg

page 7
Emissions to water Subcompartment Amount

Mercury ground- 1.29e-10 kg
Nickel, ion ground- 3.07e-11 kg

Nickel, ion surface water 9.28e-07 kg

Nitrate ground- 0.0346 kg

Source: Faist Emmenegger M. 2009
Phosphate ground- 1.1e-05 kg

Comment: Calculated value - Prasuhn (2006). See "WFLDB-Guidelines.pdf", available at https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports.
Source: Prasuhn V. 2006
Phosphate surface water 4.88e-05 kg

Comment: Calculated value - Prasuhn (2006). See "WFLDB-Guidelines.pdf", available at https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports.
Phosphorus surface water 3.18e-05 kg

Comment: Calculated value - Prasuhn (2006) and SQCB-Erosion. See "WFLDB-Guidelines.pdf", available at
Water surface water 0.00789 m3

Water ground- 0.00197 m3

Zinc, ion ground- 1.51e-06 kg

Zinc, ion surface water 2.56e-06 kg

Emissions to soil Subcompartment Amount

Cadmium agricultural 2.12e-08 kg
Comment: Comment on mathematicalRelation: 7.49881122206e-08 from Calculated value - Freiermuth (2006). See
"WFLDB-Guidelines.pdf", available at https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports. -5.38148722064e-08 from Crop, default, heavy metals
uptake model. Heavy metal uptake can be excluded by setting the parameter heavyMetalUptakeSwitch to zero.
page 8
Emissions to soil Subcompartment Amount

Chromium agricultural -1.32e-06 kg
Comment: Comment on mathematicalRelation: -1.02995720399e-06 from Calculated value - Freiermuth (2006). See
Copper agricultural -3.03e-06 kg

"WFLDB-Guidelines.pdf", available at https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports. Heavy metal uptake can be excluded by setting the
parameter heavyMetalUptakeSwitch to zero.
Cypermethrin agricultural 1.78e-05 kg

Comment: Calculated value - 100% emission in soil. See "WFLDB-Guidelines.pdf", available at https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports.
Glyphosate agricultural 0.000137 kg

Comment: Calculated value - 100% emission in soil. See "WFLDB-Guidelines.pdf", available at https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/File/Reports.
Lead agricultural -1.93e-07 kg

Mercury agricultural -2.46e-09 kg

Nickel agricultural -2.85e-07 kg

Zinc agricultural -3.24e-06 kg

page 9
Source
Source information
First author: Schmidt J.H.
Title: Life cycle assessment of rapeseed oil and palm oil. Ph.D. thesis, Part 3: Life cycle inventory of rapeseed oil and palm oil.
Year: 2007
First author: FAO
Title: Fertilizer use by crop in Indonesia.
Year: 2005
First author: EEA
Title: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2013 - Technical guidance to prepare national emission inventories
Year: 2013
First author: Nemecek T.
Additional author(s): Bengoa X., Lansche J., Mouron P., Rossi V., Humbert S., Riedener E.
Title: World Food LCA Database. Methodological Guidelines for the Life Cycle Inventory of Agricultural Products. Version 3.0.
Year: 2015
First author: Faist Emmenegger M.
Additional author(s): Reinhard J., Zah R.
Title: Sustainability Quick Check for Biofuels – intermediate background report. With contributions from T. Ziep, R. Weichbrodt, Prof. Dr. V.
Wohlgemuth, FHTW Berlin and A. Roches, R. Freiermuth Knuchel, Dr. G. Gaillard, Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon
Year: 2009
First author: IPCC
Title: 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme.
Volume 4: Agriculture, forestry and other land use
Year: 2006
First author: Prasuhn V.
Title: Erfassung der PO4-Austräge für die Ökobilanzierung - SALCA-Phosphor
Year: 2006
First author: Freiermuth R.
Title: Modell zur Berechnung der Schwermetallflüsse in der Landwirtschaftlichen Ökobilanz
Year: 2006
Restriction of use
The restrictions of use stipulated in the EULA remain applicable for this pdf documentation.
Copyright ecoinvent Association, 2020
Legend
The "Dataset description" section may contain different fonts:
-Information in normal font was included in the dataset by the data provider
-Information in grey italic font was added by ecoinvent to provide methodological clarity.
page 10

Palm Fruit Bunch Production ID 2012 Undefined

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Palm Fruit Bunch Production ID 2012 Undefined

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Palm Fruit Bunch Production ID 2012 Undefined

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ecoinvent 3.7.

Dataset identification Table of content

Time period 2009-01-01 to 2012-12-31 Detailed information for exchanges

Inputs from technosphere Amount

Detailed information for exchanges

By-product Annual prod.vol. Amount

Inputs from technosphere Amount

Inputs from technosphere Amount

establishing orchard 0.000338 unit

fruit tree seedling, for planting 0.000338 unit

inorganic nitrogen fertiliser, as N 0.0025 kg

inorganic phosphorus fertiliser, as P2O5 0.00075 kg

land use change, perennial crop 5.24e-05 ha

liquid manure spreading, by vacuum tanker 0.000149 m3

manure, liquid, cattle 0.125 kg

manure, liquid, swine 0.0139 kg

Inputs from technosphere Amount

packaging, for fertilisers 0.0523 kg

packaging, for pesticides 0.000309 kg

phosphate rock, beneficiated 0.000333 kg

planting tree 0.000338 unit

potassium chloride 0.0325 kg

poultry manure, dried 0.0434 kg

poultry manure, fresh 0.00481 kg

Inputs from technosphere Amount

transport, tractor and trailer, agricultural 0.00562 ton*km

Energy, gross calorific value, in biomass biotic 15.1 MJ

Occupation, permanent crop, irrigated land 0.596 m2*year

Transformation, from permanent crop, irrigated land 0.0297 m2

Transformation, to permanent crop, irrigated land 0.0297 m2

Emissions to air Subcompartment Amount

Emissions to air Subcompartment Amount

Emissions to water Subcompartment Amount

Cadmium, ion surface water 9.88e-09 kg

Chromium, ion ground- 1.06e-06 kg

Chromium, ion surface water 1.07e-06 kg

Copper, ion ground- 2.03e-07 kg

Copper, ion surface water 1.76e-06 kg

Lead ground- 1.01e-08 kg

Lead surface water 3.35e-07 kg

Mercury surface water 3.23e-09 kg

Emissions to water Subcompartment Amount

Nickel, ion ground- 3.07e-11 kg

Nickel, ion surface water 9.28e-07 kg

Nitrate ground- 0.0346 kg

Phosphate ground- 1.1e-05 kg

Phosphate surface water 4.88e-05 kg

Phosphorus surface water 3.18e-05 kg

Water surface water 0.00789 m3

Water ground- 0.00197 m3

Zinc, ion ground- 1.51e-06 kg

Zinc, ion surface water 2.56e-06 kg

Emissions to soil Subcompartment Amount

Emissions to soil Subcompartment Amount

Copper agricultural -3.03e-06 kg

Cypermethrin agricultural 1.78e-05 kg

Glyphosate agricultural 0.000137 kg

Lead agricultural -1.93e-07 kg

Mercury agricultural -2.46e-09 kg