Code No.

: 20EEC01

CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous)

B.E. III Sem (Main) Examination February/March 2022

BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

(Common to CSE, CSE-AI&ML, CSE-IoT & CS Including BCT)
ANSWER KEY
1 Define the following and give their units of measurement
i) Resistance ii) Electric Potential (iii) Electric current. (M-3, CO-1, BT-1)
Ans:
i) Resistance:
It is the property of resistor. The property of resistor is it opposes flow of current. Its
value is generally expressed in ohms.
ii) Electric Potential:
The electric potential (also called the electric field potential, potential drop, the
electrostatic potential) is defined as the amount of work energy needed to move a unit of
electric charge from a reference point to the specific point in an electric field.
Units: in SI system, joules/coulomb or Volts
iii) Electric current:
It is the rate of flow of electrons in a conductor. Its units are Amperes.

2 An alternating voltage is given by v(t)=141.4 Sin314t. Find

(i) frequency (ii) rms value (iii) average value. (M-3, CO-2, BT-1)
Ans:
Given that V= 141.4sin314t
On complaining with, V=Vmsin2πft
We get, 2πf=314
∴f=314/2π=50Hz
Vm(Peak value)=141.4V
∴Vrms= Vm/∨2 =141.4V/∨2 =100V
Vavg= 0.63Vm
= 0.63∗1414V
3. State the Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction. (M-3, CO-3, BT-2)

Ans:
When conductor is rotated around 360 degrees in anti-clock wise direction in a magnetic field,
EMF will be produced in conductor.
4. Classify various types of DC generators based on excitation.
(M-3, CO-3, BT-2)
Ans:
DC generators are categorized into following types based on the methods of field excitation:
 Separately Excited DC generators
 Self-Excited DC generators
  DC Shunt Generator
 DC Series Generator
 DC Compound Generators

5. List out some safety measures against electric shocks. (M-3, CO-5, BT-2 )

Ans:
 The operation of electrical equipment must be clearly known.

 Damaged wire should not be used for wiring or electrical connection.

 The electrical instruments used for connection (i.e switch, plug, pushing etc) should not have
any scratch or break.

 The hand tools should be properly insulated.

 Proper earthing should be provided.

6. (a) Using Thevenin’s theorem find the current through 15Ω resistor in figure
shown.

(M-5, CO-1, BT-3)

Ans:

6 (b) State Superposition theorem and explain it. (M-4, CO-1, BT-2)

Ans:
Statement:
It states that In any linear circuit containing multiple independent sources the total current
through or voltage across an element can be determined by algebraically adding the voltage or
current due to each independent source acting alone with all other independent sources set to zero
 An independent voltage source is set to zero by replacing it with a 0 V source(short circuit) and
an independent current source is set to zero by replacing it with 0 A source(an open circuit). The
following methodology illustrates the procedure of applying superposition to a given circuit.
Methodology:
1. Consider one independent source (either voltage or current) at a time, short circuit all other
voltage sources and open circuit all other current sources.
2. Dependent sources cannot be set to zero as they are controlled by other circuit parameters.
3. Calculate the current or voltage due to the single source using any method (KCL, KVL, nodal
or mesh analysis).
4. Repeat the above steps for each source. 5. Algebraically add the results obtained by each
source to get the total response

7. (a) Determine the power dissipated by 4Ω resistor of the given circuit shown
in figure.

(M-5, CO-1, BT-4)

7 (b) State Norton’s theorem and explain it. (M-4, CO-1, BT-2)

Where IN = Norton’s equivalent current or simply Norton current

RN = Norton’s equivalent resistance
Norton’s Current:
The Norton equivalent current is equal to the short-circuit current that would flow when the load
replaced by a short circuit. Therefore, it is also called short circuit current Isc .

In above circuit if we replace the load by a short circuit, then current flowing through this short
circuit will be same as Norton current IN.
IN = Isc
Methodology:
1. Replace the load with a short circuit.
2. Define the short circuit current, Isc , through load terminal.
3. Obtain Isc using any method (KCL, KVL, nodal analysis, loop analysis).
4. The Norton current is IN = Isc

Norton’s Resistance: Norton resistance is the input or equivalent resistance seen at the load
terminals when all independent sources are set to zero(voltage sources replaced by short
circuits and current sources replaced by open circuits) i.e. Norton resistance is same as
Thevenin’s resistance.
RN = RTh
The current I L through the load and the voltage V L across the load are easily determined once
the Norton equivalent of the circuit at the load’s terminals is obtained.
8 (a) A balanced star connected load of (4+j3) Ω/phase is connected to a 3
phases, 230V, 50 Hz supply. Evaluate i) line current ii) power factor iii)
reactive volt amperes iv) power in VA. (M-4, CO-2, BT-4)

Ans:

8 (b) Find RMS value and average value of half rectified and full rectified sine
wave form. (M-5, CO-2, BT-4)

Ans:
Half rectified:
Full rectifed sine wave:
 8. (a) Differentiate star connected and delta connected system in 3-Φ system.
(M-5, CO-2, BT-4)
Ans:

8 (b) A series AC circuit connected to 230V, 50Hz mains consists of a non-

inductive resistance of 100 W and inductance of 100 mH. Calculate impedance,
current, power factor and power. (M-4, CO-2, BT-3)
 9. (a) Explain the working principle of a transformer. (M-5, CO-3, BT-1)
AC supply is given to primary winding, current passes in the primary winding and this
current is called primary current ‘I1’.This primary current ‘I1’ induces MMF ‘N1I1’ on
primary winding and this force set up the flux ‘Φ’ in the core of the transformer. According
to electromagnetic induction EMF will induce in the primary coil. This induced EMF is
called Self induced EMF. This self induced EMF will oppose supply voltage (Based on
application of Lenz’s Law).This self induced EMF is also known as Back EMF of primary.
The flux available in the core will also links secondary coil. Hence due to mutual induction
EMF will setup in secondary coil. If the load is connected to secondary coil current will
flow. If the second coil (secondary circuit) is closed, a current flows in it and so electric
energy is transferred (entirely magnetically) from the first coil to the second coil.

10 (b) In a 25 kVA transformer the iron loss and full load copper losses are
350 W and 400 W respectively. Calculate the efficiency of the
transformer at (i) half full load at unity power factor and (ii) 3/4 th full
load at 0.8 p.f lagging. (M-4, CO-3, BT-3)
Ans:

(OR)
10. (a) Describe the method of calculating regulation and efficiency of single
phase transformer by open circuit test and short circuit test.
(M-5, CO-3, BT-4)
Open Circuit Test:
 Here the rated voltage of low voltage winding is applied to the primary (usually low-
voltage winding) while the secondary is left open-circuited.
 As the rated voltage is applied to the primary, therefore, iron losses will occur in the
transformer core.
  Cu losses are present in the primary winding, but under no-load condition these loss
are negligible as compared with iron losses

Wattmeter reading = W0 = Iron losses = Pi

Ammeter reading = I0 = No load current
Voltmeter reading = V1 = Applied voltage
Input power, W0 = V1 I0 cosϕ0

Short Circuit Test:

• Here, the secondary winding (usually low-voltage winding) is short-circuited using
Ammeter and applied rated current (maximum current) of primary winding (usually
high voltage winding) .
Wattmeter reading = Wsc = Cu loss = PC
Applied voltage = Voltmeter reading = V SC
F.L. primary current = Ammeter reading = I sc

11(b) The primary winding of a transformer is supplied from a 440V, 50 Hz

source and has 200 turns. Find the (i) peak value of flux (ii) voltage induced in
the secondary winding if it has 50 turns. (M-4, CO-3, BT-1)
Ans:
12 (a) Derive the EMF equation of DC generator. (M-4, CO-4, BT-3)

12(b) Explain the speed control methods of DC shunt and DC series motors.
(M-5, CO-4, BT-2)
Ans:
Speed controlling methods of DC Series motors:
Speed of the motor is directly proportional to the back emf Eb and Eb = V- IaRa. That is
when supply voltage V and armature resistance Ra are kept constant, speed is directly
proportional to armature current Ia. Thus if we add resistance in series with armature, Ia
decreases and hence speed decreases. Greater the resistance in series with armature, greater
the decrease in speed.
A) Field diverter:
A variable resistance is connected parallel to the series field as shown in fig (a). This
variable resistor is called as diverter, as desired amount of current can be diverted through
this resistor and hence current through field coil can be decreased. Hence flux can be
decreased to desired amount and speed can be increased.
B) Armature diverter:
Diverter is connected across the armature as in fig (b). For a given constant load torque, if
armature current is reduced then flux must increase. As, T a α Ø Ia This will result in increase
in current taken from the supply and hence flux Ø will increase and subsequently speed of
the motor will decrease.
C) Tapped field control:
As shown in fig (c) field coil is tapped dividing number of turns. Thus we can select
different value of Ø by selecting different number of turns.

D) Paralleling field coils:

In this method, several speeds can be obtained by regrouping coils as shown in fig (d).

Speed controlling methods of DC Shunt motors:

Hence speed N of the motor increases.

In this method, the motor speed can be increased above rated.
 speed.


 In this method, the motor speed can be decreased below rated speed.

13 (a) Explain the operation of a three phase induction motor.(M-5, CO-4, BT-1)
Ans:
 An AC current is applied in the stator armature which generates a flux in the stator
magnetic circuit.
 This flux induces an emf in the conducting bars of rotor as they are “cut” by the flux
while the magnet is being moved (E = BVL (Faraday’s Law))
 A current flows in the rotor circuit due to the induced emf, which in term produces a
force, (F = BIL) can be changed to the torque as the output.
 In a 3-phase induction motor, the three-phase currents ia, ib and ic, each of equal
magnitude, but differing in phase by 120°. Each phase current produces a magnetic flux
 and there is physical 120 °shift between each flux. The total flux in the machine is the
sum of the three fluxes. The summation of the three ac fluxes results in a rotating flux,
which turns with constant speed and has constant amplitude. Such a magnetic flux
produced by balanced three phase currents flowing in thee-phase windings is called a
rotating magnetic flux or rotating magnetic field (RMF).RMF rotates with a constant
speed (Synchronous Speed). Existence of a RFM is an essential condition for the
operation of an induction motor.
 If stator is energized by an ac current, RMF is generated due to the applied current to
the stator winding. This flux produces magnetic field and the field revolves in the air
gap between stator and rotor. So, the magnetic field induces a voltage in the
shortcircuited bars of the rotor. This voltage drives current through the bars. The
interaction of the rotating flux and the rotor current generates a force that drives the
motor and a torque is developed consequently. The torque is proportional with the flux
density and the rotor 6 bar current (F=BLI). The motor speed is less than the
synchronous speed. The direction of the rotation of the rotor is the same as the direction
of the rotation of the revolving magnetic field in the air gap.
 However, for these currents to be induced, the speed of the physical rotor and the speed
of the rotating magnetic field in the stator must be different, or else the magnetic field
will not be moving relative to the rotor conductors and no currents will be induced. If
by some chance this happens, the rotor typically slows slightly until a current is
reinduced and then the rotor continues as before. This difference between the speed of
the rotor and speed of the rotating magnetic field in the stator is called slip. It is unitless
and is the ratio between the relative speed of the magnetic field as seen by the rotor the
(slip speed) to the speed of the rotating stator field. Due to this an induction motor is
sometimes referred to as an asynchronous machine.

13 (b) A 220 V separately excited dc machine has an armature resistance of

0.4 Ω. If the load current is 20 A, find the induced emf when the
machine operates (i) as a generator (ii) as a motor. (M-4, CO-4, BT-1)
Ans:

14 (a) Write safety precautions to be considered in handling electrical

appliances. (M-5, CO-5, BT-2)
Ans:
 Before the use of equipment, one must know about the complete operation of the equipment.
Electrical connections are made properly according to the connection diagram.
 Only the skilled person is allowed to operate, testing and repairing machines.
 A person who works in the electric post and tower post must wear safety belt and gloves.
  After earthing, the overhead lines can be discharged by discharge rod.
 Check the condition of all hand tools.
 While changing the fuse wire, keep the main switch ‘OFF’. Use proper rating of fuse wire
for replacement.
 Under faulty conditions, the appliances in houses must be checked and ensure that the
equipment is disconnected from the supply. Example:- Fan, Grinder, Mixie etc
 If fire occurs in the electrical circuit, the main switch is turned OFF immediately. For
extinguishing electric fire, use of carbon-di-oxide extinguisher or dry powder extinguisher is
advised.
14 (b) Explain the plate earthing with neat sketch. .(M-6, CO-6, BT-2)

 In this type of earthing plate either of copper or of G.I. is buried into the ground at a depth of
not less than 3 meter from the ground level.
 The earth plate is embedded in alternative layer of coke and salts for a minimum thickness of
about 15cm.
 The earth wire (copper wire for copper plate earthing and G.I. wire for G.I. plate earthing) is
securely bolted to an earth plate with the help of bolt nut and washer made of copper, in case
of copper plate earthing and of G.I. in case of G.I. plate earthing.

15 (a) Write short notes on the following:

i) Switch Fuse Unit (SFU) ii) MCB iii) ELCB (M-5, CO-6, BT-2)
Ans:
i) Switch Fuse Unit:
o Melts the wire when fault occurs
o Fuse wire available may not be standard rating
o Operated at 50 to 100 % over load capacity
o Hand tools are required to rewire the fuse when blown off
o Cheapest among all safety device
o Fuse board (mounting arrangement) is not compact
ii) MCB:
o Cut-off circuit when the fault occurs
o MCB available is of standard rating
o Operated at 5 to 15 % over load capacity
 o No hand tool required to reset
o Initial cost is very high
o MCB board (mounting arrangement) is compact
o MCB is an electromechanical device which protects an electrical circuit from an over
current and in short circuit condition.
o MCB has slower operation time than ELCB.
o The operating principle of MCB is simple.
o MCB does not give human protection.
o MCB is cheaper than ELCB.
o Rated current is not more than 100 Ampere.
o This circuit breaker connects the phase and neutral terminal.
o Domestic and commercial purposes.
iii) ELCB
o The ELCB is used to protect the circuit from the electrical leakage.
o ELCB has rapid operation compare to MCB.
o The operating principle of ELCB is complicated.
o ELCB gives human protection.
o ELCB is costlier than MCB.
o The range of rated current us up to 1000 Ampere.
o This circuit breaker connects the phase, earth wire and neutral terminal.
o Mostly in Domestic purposes.
15 (b) Calculate the amount of electric consumption for the month of January
by the following loads. If one unit cost is Rs: 2/- per unit.
i) 8 fans 80 watts each 8 hrs per day
ii) 5 tube lights 40 watts each 6 hrs per day
iii) One heater 1000 watts 1 hrs per day
iv) One 2hp motor 2 hrs per day
(M-4, CO-5, BT-4)
Ans:
Sl.No Name of Quantity Power Rating Working Hrs Energy consumed
Appliances in KW in a day in KWH

1 fans 8 0.08 8 8*0.08*8=5.12

2 tube light 5 0.04 6 5*0.04*6=1.2

3 heater 1 1 1 1*1*1=1

4 motor 1 2 x 0.746 2 1*2*0.746*2=2.98

Total 10.3

Cost Energy consume by all loads for the month of January =319.3 x2 = Rs 638.6/-