OLYMPIC VALUE

EDUCATION
CHAPTER 2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

● OLYMPICS, PARALYMPICS & SPECIAL

OLYMPICS
● OLYMPIC IDEALS, OBJECTIVES &
VALUES OF OLYMPISM
● INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE
● INDIAN OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION
 00
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS THIS LESSON ABOUT?
INTRODUCTION
● Physical activity and sports have significant
benefits in promoting health, well-being and youth
development. Sports can be an extraordinary tool
to achieve peace, holistic education and social
development.

● The Olympic Value Education programme is a

practical set of learning resources designed to
inspire and allow young people to experience life
values such as excellence, respect and friendship.
01.
OLYMPIC
GAMES
OLYMPICS
● The Olympic Movement is the concerted, organised,
universal and permanent action, carried out under
the supreme authority of the IOC, of all individuals
and entities who are inspired by the values of
Olympism.

● For proper understanding of olympics, we are going

to study it under the following heads,

1. ANCIENT OLYMPIC GAMES

2. MODERN OLYMPIC GAMES
ANCIENT
OLYMPIC
GAMES
ANCIENT OLYMPIC GAMES
● There is no definite fact about
their origin, but there are various
tales about the origin of these
games in ancient greek stories.
● According to the available
information in history, the first
ancient Olympic Games started in
Olympia Valley in 776 BCE. OLYMPIA
● Many stories of the Olympic
Games revolve around praising
the greek god Zeus and the idea
of commemorating him in the form
of sportsmanship.
● Some historians hold the view that ZEUS
Greece was divided into ‘city-
states’. Owing to mutual battles
among these small states, the ANCIENT GREECE
Olympic Games started. ‘CITY-STATES’
RULES OF THE COMPETITION
● When the Olympic Games were organised in 776 BCE, certain rules were
framed for competitors of various sports, which were engraved on a bronze
plate.

1. The competitor must be only a greek, completely from a Hellenic race and
must be physically fit.
2. Savages and punished persons were not allowed to participate in these
games.
3. The competitor had to stay in Olympia for one month before the beginning
of Olympic Games. They had to take an oath that they had already taken
the training for 10 months in their state.
4. Women were not allowed to participate in competitions or see these games.
5. For participation in the games, participants had to practise for one month.
6. Only amateur sportsmen could participate in these games and not
professionals.
OPENING CEREMONY
● In the opening ceremony, all the players, their family and their trainers
would assemble in the auditorium. They were made to take an oath,
promising to follow the rules specified.
● A pig was then killed and offered to the Greek God Zeus Harikos. The
players were introduced to the spectators and if they had any objections
against any player, he was not allowed to participate. After this, the
declaration was made to start the games.
● As time passed, the number of games increased, such as 400 yard walking
was introduced in 724 BCE, three miles race in 720 BCE, pentathlon in 708
BCE, boxing in 688 BCE and horse-race in 648 BCE.
● The games were organised for five days. On the first day, only religious
functions were performed. The second day was reserved for march past
and introduction and then chariot-race, horse-race and pentathlon. In the
morning of the third day, sacrificial rites were performed after which,
competitions of races, wrestling and boxing were held. The fourth day was
fixed for athletic events, wrestling and boxing and finally, on the fifth day,
recreational programmes were organised.
 AWARDS
● Less attention was paid to awards
in the Ancient Olympic Games.
● Only foodgrains and animals were
given as a reward. After that, a
crown of olive leaves was given to
the winners.
● More stress was laid on respect and
honour , instead of awards, to the
players in these games
OLIVE CROWN
● Statues and poems were made to
commemorate the winners and their
names were recorded in the annals
of history.
● The players mainly participated not
for the sake of winning but for
STATUES respect and honour.
MODERN
OLYMPIC
GAMES
MODERN OLYMPIC GAMES
● Pierre, Baron de Coubertin is credited for starting the
Modern Olympic Games. He was born in Paris on 1
January 1862.
● He believed that national and international problems
could be solved through the Olympic Games and his
dream was to restart the Ancient Olympic Games at
global level.
● He held two meetings, one in 1893 and the other in
1894 (16th June).Very few countries were in favour of
starting the Olympic Games but finally, after great 1st OLYMPIC
endeavor, Coubertin succeeded in enlisting GAMES
worldwide support and the first Modern Olympic
Games were held in Athens in 1896
● In the first games, only four countries participated. PIERRE,
This number gradually increased and in the 1972 BARON DE
Munich Olympic Games, 122 countries participated.
COUBERTIN
● The competitions are held every fourth year on the
lines of the Olympic Games.
● Three games were unfortunately not held due to WWI
and WWII.
 OLYMPIC MOTTO
● The Olympic Motto comprises of three Latin words-

Citius-Altius-Fortius

This stands for Faster-Higher-Stronger,

respectively.

● The motto was coined by a French educator Father

Didon in 1895.
OLYMPIC FLAG
● The Olympic Flag was created at the
suggestion of Coubertin in 1913.
● It was first solemnly inaugurated in
Paris in June 1914 but it was hoisted
for the first time in the Olympic
stadium at the 1920 Antwerp Olympic
Games (Belgium).
● The flag is made of white silk and
consists of five interlocking rings in
five colours: yellow, green, red, blue
and black representing five
continents of the world viz. America,
Europe, Australia, Asia and Africa.
● The interlocking of said rings
symbolises cooperation and
friendship.
OLYMPIC FLAME
● The Olympic Flame is a symbol of knowledge, life, happiness and peace.
● This flame or torch is lighted or kindled in the Olympic village of Greece
and is carried by the runners to the place where the Olympic Games are
going to be organised.
● At the end of the closing ceremony of these games, the flame is
extinguished.
OLYMPIC AWARDS
● The first, second and third position holders are awarded with gold, silver
and bronze medals and a certificate, respectively.
● The next five position holders are are also awarded with certificates only.
OLYMPIC OATH
● The Oath taking Ceremony is held by the athletes in the sports stadium
during the opening ceremony.
● A representative of the host country comes forward holding the flag. The
flag bearers of the competing nations also take up their positions.
● The representative takes oath on behalf of all the athletes who raise their
right arm and repeat the oath after him/her:

“We swear that we will take part in the Olympic Games in

loyal competition, respecting the regulations which
govern them and desirous of participating in them in
the true spirit of sportsmanship for the honour of our
country and for the glory of sports.”
RULES OF THE COMPETITION
● The rules of the Modern Olympic Games are:

1. All males and females can participate in the Olympic Games if

they are amateur. But nowadays, professionals are also
allowed to participate in some of the sports.
2. These sportsmen and sportswomen are sent by their National
Olympic Committee.
3. No sportsperson can participate in the games without the
approval as well as recommendation of their National Olympic
Committee.
OPENING CEREMONY & CLOSING CEREMONY
● OPENING CEREMONY:
● The president and the prime minister of the host country declare the
games open in the stadium.
● Before this process, all the sportsmen and sportswomen take part in the
march past and they take the Olympic Oath.
● Later on, recreational and cultural programmes are organised. The
Olympic Flag is hoisted and the Olympic Flame is kindled by the torch.
● CLOSING CEREMONY:
● Sportsmen and sportswomen from all the participating countries assemble
in the stadium for the closing ceremony.
● The mayor of the city and the president of the managing committee escort
the president of the International Olympic Committee to the stadium.
He/She declares the games closed.
● After that, the Olympic Flag is lowered and it is given to the mayor of the
city. Various cultural programmes are organised. The Olympic Flame is
extinguished and at last, the games come to an end with the Olympic Song.
02.
PARALYMPIC
GAMES
PARALYMPIC GAMES
● Paralympic Games are a major
international multi-sports events for
the athletes with various disabilities
such as athletes with mobility
disabilities, amputations, blindness and
cerebral palsy.
● They are held at an interval of every
four years following the Olympic Games
and are governed by the International
Paralympic Committee.
● The first Paralympic Games were held
in Rome in 1960 however, the word
‘Paralympic’ was officially adopted in
the 1988 Summer Olympic Games in
Seoul (South Korea).
● The first Winter Paralympic Games was
held in 1976 in Sweden.
1st PARALYMPIC GAMES IN ROME
OPENING CEREMONY & CLOSING CEREMONY
● OPENING CEREMONY:
● The opening ceremony begins with the hoisting of the host country’s flag
and singing its national anthem. The athletes then come for march past
into the stadium grouped according to their nationality. They enter the
stadium alphabetically according to the host country chosen language,
with the host country’s athletes entering last. The host nation presents its
culture in the form of music, dance, etc. Formal opening of the games is
announced and finally, the Paralympic flame is passed on until it reaches
the final torch bearer who lights the flame .
● CLOSING CEREMONY:
● After the conclusion of all the sports events, the closing ceremony begins.
Flag bearers from each participating country enter the stadium, followed
by the athletes, enter together without any national distinction. The
Paralympic Flag is taken down, the Paralympic Flame is extinguished and
the games are officially closed.
INTERNATIONAL PARALYMPIC COMMITTEE
● The International Paralympic Committee is a global governing body of the
Paralympic movement.
● It organises the Summer and Winter Paralympic Games. It also serves as
the International Federation for nine sports, for which it supervises and
coordinates the world championship and other competitions.
● Its vision is ‘To enable paralympic athletes to chive sporting excellence and
inspire and excite the world.’
● It was established in Dusseldorf on 22 September, 1989 and its
headquarters is in Bonn, Germany.
● The main aim of the committee is to develop sports opportunities for all
the people with an impairment from the beginner to the elite level.
AWARDS
● Medals are presented to the winners after every event of the Paralympics
as awards.
● Competitors/Teams that secure the first, second and third positions stand
up at the victory podium where they are given the medals.
● National flags of the three countries are unfurled and hoisted.
● The tune of the national anthem of the country with the gold medal is
played.
PARALYMPIC MOTTO
● The motto of the Paralympic Games which started in 2004 Athens
Paralympics is:

‘Spirit’ in ‘Motion’

● Prior to this event, the motto of Paralympics was:

‘Mind, Body and Spirit’

CATEGORIES OF DISABILITY
● The International Paralympic
Committee has established ten
disability categories including
physical, visual and intellectual
impairment.
● Athletes with any one of these
disabilities can participate but,
not every sport can allow for
every disability
● The International Paralympic
Committee mainly serves athletes
with physical and visual
disabilities whereas intellectual
disability has been added to
some Paralympic games.
03.
SPECIAL
OLYMPICS
SPECIAL OLYMPICS
● The Special Olympics were started by Eunice
Kennedy Shriver, John F .Kennedy’s sister.
● She believed that with equal opportunities and
experiences as anyone else, people with special
needs could compete far more than ever thought
possible.
● She further believed that children with
intellectual disabilities could be exceptional
athletes/sportswomen and men and through
sports, they can realise their potential for growth
and development.
● The first Special Olympics was held in July 1968 in
Chicago. About 1000 athletes from USA and
Canada participated in the one-day event, which EUNICE
was a joint venture by Kennedy Foundation and KENNEDY
Chicago Park District. SHRIVER
● In 1972, ten nations sent their athletes to
participate in the event. In 2003, approximately
7000 athletes from 150 countries participated in 18
disciplines.
MORE ABOUT IT
● SYMBOL:
● The Special Olympics logo is based on the sculpture “Joy and Happiness to
All the Children of the World”. The logo is a symbol of growth, confidence
and joy among children and adults with disabilities who are learning
coordination, mastering skills, participating in competitions and preparing
themselves for richer and more productive lives.
● SPECIAL OLYMPIC FLAME:
● The “Flame of Hope” is the name given to the torch carried to and lit at the
Special Olympic Games.
04.
OLYMPIC SYMBOL,
IDEALS, OBJECTIVES AND
VALUES OF OLYMPISM
OLYMPIC SYMBOL OR EMBLEM
● The Olympic symbol consists of five interlocking rings in five colours:
yellow, green, red, blue and black representing five continents of the world
viz. America, Europe, Australia, Asia and Africa.The interlocking of said
rings symbolises cooperation and friendship.
● The Olympic motto is inscribed under the emblem which consists of three
letters,

Citius-Altius-Fortius

This stands for Faster-Higher-Stronger, respectively.

● The literal meaning of these words are - running FASTER, jumping HIGHER
and throwing FURTHER.
OLYMPIC IDEALS
● Olympic Games are remembered for the Bishop Pennsylvania’s famous
sermon,

“The important thing in Olympics is not

to win, but to take part. The important
thing in life is not the triumph, but
struggle. The essential thing is not to
have conquered but to have fought
well”
OBJECTIVES OF OLYMPICS
● The following objectives can be achieved through Olympic Games,

1. To pay attention towards physical education and sports competitions in all

the countries of the world.
2. To develop personality, character, citizenship qualities and health among
the youth.
3. Formation of good habits among sportspeople so that they could lead a
healthy and prosperous life.
4. To develop patriotism and fraternity among sportswomen and men.
5. To develop international fraternity and peace.
6. Not to have any discrimination on the basis of caste, race and religion.
DEVELOPMENT OF VALUES THROUGH OLYMPISM
● Coubertin wanted to develop certain values when he founded the Olympic
Games. The following values which can be developed through Olympism
are,
1. FRIENDSHIP: Olympism provides the opportunity to develop friendships not
only among players but also among nations.
2. SOLIDARITY: Olympism provides ample chances to enhance solidarity. It
gives a feeling of brotherhood and unity among various nations and
cohesion among participants.
3. FAIR PLAY: Olympic Games, to some extent, enhances the chances of fair
play. There should not be any inclination towards an individual player or a
team.
4. DISCRIMINATION-FREE: Olympism lays down immense stress on this aspect.
There is no meaning for caste, religion, or community. Although there are
some exceptions. For instance, when Hitler refused to honour Jesse Owens,
an African-American athlete who got four gold medals in the Olympic
Games.
● Although it has certain negative aspects, it does not mean that Olympism
has failed in the development of these values. Nations must lay stress on
05.
INTERNATIONAL
OLYMPIC
COMMITTEE
INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE
● The International Olympic Committee is the
governing body of the Modern Olympic Games.
● It is committed to support and promote
participation in sports throughout the world.
● The IOC has its headquarters in Lausanne,
Switzerland. It was created by Pierre Baron de
Coubertin on 23rd June 1894.
● It organises the Summer and Winter Olympic
Games every four years.
● In 2010, the IOC started organising the summer
and winter Youth Olympics
● The members of the committee are,
1. President: The president of the IOC is elected
International Olympic Committee
by its members every 8 years. The current IOC
president is Thomas Bach.
2. Vice-Presidents: Four vice presidents are
elected every four years by the members too.
3. Executive Board: The IOC Executive Board
consists of the president, vice presidents and
ten other members. They are elected by the IOC
session in a secret ballot, by majority vote.
INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (IOC)
● The main functions of the committee are,
1. The venue where the Olympic games will be organized is decided by the committee.
2. To elect the new members, proper functioning of sports programmes, and selection of
host city.
3. The promotion of sports/games.
4. Fight against doping.
5. Making rules and regulation for the smooth functioning of games.
6. To encourage the different organizations for the support by social and economical way
to the players.
7. It encourages and supports the promotion of ethics in sports as well as in education of
youth through sports.
8. To motivate the culture and education combined along with sports.
9. Fight against political or commercial abuse of sports and athletes.
10. Encouraging and supporting the promotion of women in sports at all levels.
11. Acting against any form of discrimination affecting the Olympic movement.
12. To motivate the development of sports.
13. Taking action in order to strengthen the unity and to protect the independence of the
Olympic movement.
06.
INDIAN OLYMPIC
ASSOCIATION
INDIAN OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION
● Indian Olympic Association was founded in 1927.
● Sir Dorabji Tata and Dr. Noehren became the
founder President and Secretary General
respectively.
● Sir Dorabji Tata was also the first member of IOC.
● Its members are chosen once every four years.
● This committee is comprised of a president, 9 Vice
Presidents, 6 Secretaries, one Honorary Treasurer.
Apart from this, 12 representatives of national
sports committee and the representative of State
Olympic Committee are also included.
● After Dorabji, Shri Bhupinder Singh,Maharaja of
Patiala became the President.
● India participated for the first time in 1928
Amsterdam Olympic games and won Gold in
Hockey.
● IOA is responsible for the participation in Olympic
games and some other games such as—Asian
games. Commonwealth games etc.
INDIAN OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION
● The main objectives of the IOA are,
● Development and promotion of the Olympic movement.
● Enforcement of all rules and regulation of the International Olympic Committee and
Indian Olympic Association.
● To be the official organizations in complete form and whole charge of all the matters
related to Olympic event.
● Promotion and encouragement of the physical, moral and cultural education
● Admitting the membership of the state Olympic Association and national sports
federation
● To suggest the names of selected participants to participate in Olympic games.
● To take disciplinary action against any federation in cooperation with the National
Sports Federation/Associations IOA
● organizes and control selection, training, coaching of the teams that will represent
India.
● To organize national and international competitions.
● To remove the discrimination of caste, religion, colour and area etc.
● To apply the code of conduct of World Anti-Doping Agency.
THANK YOU