Contents

> Contents
How to use this series vi 12 IT in society 264
How to use this book v
" 13 New and emerging technologies 285
Introduction viii
14 Communications technology 302
1 Data processing and information 1
15 Project management 329
2 Hardware and software 27
16 System life cycle 343
3 Monitoring and control 43
17 Mail merge 376
4 Algorithms and flowcharts 53
18 Graphics creation 396
5 eSecurity 87
19 Animation 429
6 The digital divide 101
20 Programming for the web 468
7 Expert systems 111
Answers 517
8 Spreadsheets 120 Glossary 546
9 Modelling 177 Index 553
10 Database and file concepts 187 Acknowledgements 562

11 Sound and video editing 243

V )
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> Chapter 4
Algorithms
and flowcharts
'
/PfTX
I LEARNING INTENTIONS

i By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• edit a given algorithm
• write an algorithm using pseudocode to solve a given problem
• edit a given flowchart
• draw a flowchart to solve a given problem.
«H|itipr
> Chapter 6
The diqital
divide
i
wi
LEARNING INTENTIONS
•
• ?"V| L
In this chapter you will learn how to:

• recognise what is meant by the digital divide

• recognise what causes the digital divide

• identify the effects of the digital divide and how these can be reduced.
 )

> Chapter 8
Spreadsheets
O
LEARNING INTENTIONS
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
• create structure
• create page/screen structures to meet the requirements of an audience and/or task
specification/house style
• create/edit spreadsheet structures
• protect cells and their content
• freeze-panes and windows
• create formulas and use functions
• use formulas
• use absolute reference, relative reference, named cells, named ranges
• know and understand why absolute and relative referencing are used
• use functions

• use validation rules

• create formatting
• format cells
• format cell emphasis
• test a spreadsheet structure
Modelling
‘JJVV . M
\ -* .
LEARNING INTENTIONS
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
> Chapter 10
Database and
file concepts
11
. y;Mv
LEARNING INTENTIONS
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
assign a data type and an appropriate field size to a field
understand the three relationships: one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many
create and use relationships
create and interpret an entity relationship diagram
understand the difference between a flat file and a relational database and when one might be preferred
in certain situations
create a relational database
understand the function of key fields
set primary, compound and foreign keys
understand referential integrity and its importance
use referential integrity
}> CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL IT: COURSEBOOK

CONTINUED
validate and verify data entry
perform searches
use arithmetic operations and logical functions to perform calculations within a database
sort data
design and create an appropriate data entry form
design and create a switchboard menu within a database
import and export data
understand the characteristics of data in unnormalised form, first, second and third normal forms
understand the advantages and disadvantages of normalisation
normalise a database to first, second and third normal form
understand the components of a data dictionary
create a data dictionary and select appropriate data types for a given set of data and a given situation
identify different data types
use static and dynamic parameters in a query and understand their use

understand when static and dynamic parameters should be used in queries

understand when simple, complex and nested queries should be used
understand when summary queries, including cross-tab queries, should be used
understand different file types and their uses
understand what is meant by proprietary and open-source file formats and why open-source file
formats are needed
understand why generic file formats are needed
understand the use of indexed sequential access
understand the use of direct file access
understand the use of a hierarchical database management system
understand the features of a management information system (MIS)
understand how a MIS can be used by organisations.

188 y
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ft
;
m In
> Chapter 11
Sound and
video editing
4
LEARNING INTENTIONS
.r *
mm urn vi
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

I) edit a video clip to meet the requirements of its intended application and audience
know and understand how and why typical features found in video editing software are used

I
know and understand the effects of different methods of compression on video
edit a sound clip to meet the requirements of its intended application and audience
know and understand how and why typical features found in sound editing software are used
know and understand why file size depends on sampling rate and sampling resolution
know and understand the effects of different methods of compression on sound.
> Chapter 18
Graphics
creation
9 ." »
• *m
LEARNING INTENTIONS
** .^
m
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• use common graphic skills

work with layers
use transform tools
use grouping or merging tools
use alignment and distribution tools
use layout tools
use colour picker tools
use crop tools
know and understand the properties of different colour systems
know and understand the need for different image resolutions
know, understand and select different bitmap and vector file formats
export an image in different file formats
change the opacity of all or part of an image .
 mmm
f/MW/t,I
> Chapter 19
Animation
/
LEARNING INTENTIONS
imu m-ii
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
• create an animation (stop motion and key frame) that meets the requirements of its intended application
and audience
• configure the stage/frame/canvas for an animation
• import and create Vector objects
• control object properties
• use Inbetweening ('Tweening') tools

• set paths

• use layers

• apply masks
• control animations.
You will also be able to know and understand:
the basic principles of animation
the different animation types and methods
the use of animation variables when creating animations.