Question Bank for the Subject ‘Electromagnetic Engineering’

Semester 6, TE ETRX

Branch: ETRX

Semester: VI

Name of the Subject:

Electromagnetic Engineering (EME)

Cluster: RF and Microwave Engineering

Faculty: Dr. Nayana Mahajan

 Question Bank for the Subject ‘Electromagnetic Engineering’
Semester 6, TE ETRX

Module 1 Basic Laws of Electromagnetic

Short Questions (for 2 Marks)
1. Direction of force experienced by charges depends on ............ of charges. (Sign/Magnitude)
2. Write expression for Coulomb’s law in vector form.
3. The unit of electric flux density is .
4. State true/false. The potential VAB is independent of path taken from A to B.
5. Find potential due to 10 nC charge at a distance of 30 m away from it.
6. The boundary condition at the interface formed by two different medium is Et = 0. Which type of interface
is it?
7. Define the term ‘Energy Density’.
8. List boundary condition for E.
9. List boundary condition for H.
10. Explain use of Laplace and Poisson’s Equation.
11. Applications Laplace and Poisson’s Equation.
12. Write expression for the point form of Amperes circuit law.
13. A loop is rotating about the y axis in a magnetic field 𝐵 = 𝐵0 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝑎𝑥 Wb/m2. The voltage induced in the
loop is due to motional EMF or transformer EMF or a combination of both.
14. Write expression for point form of Amperes circuit law for time varying Field.

Long Questions (for 5 Marks)

1. State and explain Gauss’s law.
2. For finding flux density by Gauss’s law what conditions should be satisfied by closed surfaces.
3. What is the relation between electric potential and electric field intensity? What do you understand by
“conservative field”?
4. The line charge density ρL = 20 nC/m lies along x= 2 and z = 3. Find E at (3,4,6).
5. Explain Scalar potential and equipotential surfaces of voltage.
6. Show that E = −V.7. Derive the equation for continuity of current.
7. Derive Laplace and Poisson’s Equation.
8. Derive boundary condition for E.
9. Derive boundary condition of EM wave for perfect dielectric mediums.
10. State and explain Bio-Savart’s law.
11. State and explain Ampere’s circuital law.
12. Give significance of boundary conditions for electric field.
13. State and explain Faraday’s Law in both the integral and differential form?
14. Explain displacement current. State its significance.
15. Prove that static electric field is irr-rotation and static magnetic field is solenoidal.
16. Explain the Dirichlet-type, Neumann-type and mixed boundary conditions.
17. State and explain Coulomb’s law. Point charges 1mC and -2mC are located at (2,3,-1)m and (- 2,-1,4)m
respectively. Calculate the electric force on a 10nC charge located at (0,3,1)m
18. Derive Poisson’s and Laplace equation.
19. Explain boundary conditions of E and H fields for two media.

Long Questions (for 10 Marks)

1. State Gauss’s law for electrostatic fields. Using Gauss’s law, derive expression for intensity due to an
infinite line charge.
2. Derive E due to infinite surface charge density
3. Find E at origin due to following charges configuration
a. ρL = 50 nC/m lies along x= 1 and y = 2
b. ρs = 5 nC/m2 lies along x= 2
c. Q = 100 Nc at (1,1,2)
4. Evaluate Gauss law for cylindrical coordinate system
 Question Bank for the Subject ‘Electromagnetic Engineering’
Semester 6, TE ETRX
5. Derive Gauss’s Law in point format
6. Derive capacitance of parallel plate capacitor using Laplacian equations
7. Derive capacitance of parallel Cylindrical capacitor using Laplacian equations
8. Derive capacitance of Coaxial line using Laplacian equations
9. Derive Laplacian equations.
10. Derive magnetic boundaries for high permeable materials

Module 2: Maxwell’s Equations

Short Questions (for 2 Marks)

1. What is phase velocity?
2. Write expressions for Helmholtz equation for a) Lossy dielectric b) Perfect dielectric
3. What is group velocity?
4. What do you mean by ‘Perpendicular polarization’?
5. What do you mean by ‘Parallel polarization’?
6. Given that 𝐸 = 𝐸0(𝑎𝑦 − j𝑎𝑦)𝑒−j𝛽𝑧, Determine polarization.
7. Define the term ‘Polarization of wave’.
8. For a wave travelling in z direction has both x and y components. Both are out of phase by 90 0, Determine
polarization.

Long Questions (for 5 Marks)

1. Derive the wave equation for uniform plane wave in free space.
2. Write short note on Wave impedance for free space.
3. Define depth of penetration and derive an expression for it for a good conductor
4. Find the depth of penetration,  of an EM wave in copper at f = 60 Hzs and f = 100 MHz for copper  =
5.8  107 mho/m, r = 1, r = 1.
5. What is “loss Tangent”? Explain how it classifies lossless dielectrics, lossy dielectric and good conductor.
6. State the Poynting theorem. Write its final expression hence explain the meaning of each term.
7. Explain wave polarization in brief.
8. What is the Brewster angle? Why it is also called the polarizing angle?
9. What is the total internal reflection?
10. Write short note on Reflection of uniform plane wave at normal incidence from conductor.
11. Starting with Maxwell’s equations derive the expression for the wave equation for an electromagnetic wave
propagating in a perfect dielectric

Long Questions (for 10 Marks)

1. What is uniform plane wave? Starting from Maxwell’s equation’s derive wave equation for lossy dielectric and
obtain solution.
2. State and explain Maxwell's equation in point form and integral form for time varying field. Explain the significance
of each equation.
3. A lossy dielectric has r = 1 and r = 1,  = 2 × 10−8 S/m. An electric field
E = 2000 sin t â z V/m exists at a certain point in the dielectric.
a) At what frequency the conduction and displacement current densities be equal?
(b) At this frequency calculate the instantaneous displacement current density.
4. A conducting circular loop of radius 20 cm lies in the z = 0 plane in a magnetic field, B = 10 cos 377 t a z mWb/m2.
Calculate the induced voltage in the loop.

5. If a magnetic field intensity H = Hm cos 2x cos(wt − y)â x exists within a dielectric of permittivity  calculate
 Question Bank for the Subject ‘Electromagnetic Engineering’
Semester 6, TE ETRX
the corresponding (i) displacement current density (ii) electric field intensity and (iii) electric charge density.
6. Derive Maxwell’s equations in integral & Point form for time varying fields.

Module 3: Electromagnetic Waves

Short Questions (for 2 Marks)
1. What do you mean by ‘Perpendicular polarization’?
2. What do you mean by ‘Parallel polarization’?
3. Given that 𝐸 = 𝐸0(𝑎𝑦 − j𝑎𝑦)𝑒−j𝛽𝑧, Determine polarization.
4. Define the term ‘Polarization of wave’.
5. For a wave travelling in z direction has both x and y components. Both are out of phase by 90 0, Determine
polarization.
Long Questions (for 5 Marks)

1. State the Poynting theorem. Write its final expression hence explain the meaning of each term.
2. Explain wave polarization in brief.
3. What is the Brewster angle? Why it is also called the polarizing angle?
4. What is the total internal reflection?
5. Write short note on Reflection of uniform plane wave at normal incidence from conductor.
6. Define Skin Depth, and calculate it for a wave travelling in a conductor (σ = 3.5X107 S/m), with a frequency of 100Mhz,
𝜖𝑟 =1.2, 𝜇𝑟 = 1
7. Derive Maxwell’s equations in integral and point form for static field

Long Questions (for 10 Marks)

1. A media has the following properties r = 8, r = 2,  = 10−4 mho/m at 2 GHz. Determine (i)attenuation constant,
(ii)attenuation constant in dB,(iii)phase constant,(iv)propagation constant (v)wavelength, vi)phase
velocity,(vii)Intrinsic impedance, (viii) refractive index, (ix)loss tangent, (x)is the media having like a conductor or
dielectric.

2. The relectricr field intensity of a linearly polarized uniform

x plane wave propagating in the + z direction in sea water
( = 72, = 1, = 4(S / m) is E = 100 cos (10 t) â V/m at z = 0.
7

(a) Determine the attenuation constant, phase constant, phase velocity and
wavelength.
(b) Find the distance at which the amplitude of E is 1% of its value at z = 0.

3. A plane wave in a nonmagnetic medium has E = 50 sin (108t + 2z)ay V/m. Find
(a) The direction of wave propagation. (b), f, and r (c) H.

4. A uniform plane wave propagating in a medium has E = 2e− z

sin (108 t − z) ay V/m, If the medium is
characterized by r = 1, r = 20 and  = 3 S/m, Find ,  and H.

5. Starting with Maxwell’s equation obtain an expression for the Poynting vector. Explain significance of each term.

6. In a nonmagnetic medium
E= 4 sin (2  107t − 0.8x) az V/m, Find
(a)  r, 
(b) The time-average power carried by the wave
(c) The total power crossing 100 cm2 of plane 2x + y = 5

7. Find the potential function and the electric field intensity, electric flux density for the region between two
concentric right circular cylinders, where V = 0 at  = 1 mm and V = 150 volts at  = 20 mm. Neglect fringing
effect.
 Question Bank for the Subject ‘Electromagnetic Engineering’
Semester 6, TE ETRX

8. A plane wave in a nonmagnetic medium has E = 50 sin (108t + 2z)ay V/m. Find
(a) The direction of wave propagation. (b), f, and r (c) H.

9. A uniform plane wave propagating in a medium has E = 2e− z

sin (108 t − z) ay V/m, If the medium
ischaracterized by r = 1, r = 20 and  = 3 S/m, Find ,  and H.

10. Give boundary conditions for electric and magnetic field for dielectric-dielectric interface and modify them
forgood conductor and dielectric.

11. Give behavior of wave for normal incidence in dielectric media.

12. Explain Reflection of Uniform Plane wave at Oblique Incidence.

13. Explain parallel and perpendicular polarization of wave.

14. An electromagnetic wave is incident from air to a medium with dielectric constant 5 and relative
permeability
80. If the angle of incidence is 58, determine the angle of reflection and refraction.

15. A uniform plane wave in air with E = 8 cos (t − 4x − 3z) ay V/m, is incident on a dielectric slab (z  0)
with r
= 1.0, r = 2.5,  = 0. Find
(a) The polarization of the wave
(b) The angle of incidence
(c) The reflected E field
(d) The transmitted H field

16. What is Poynting vector? Obtain expression for Poynting theorem and explain significance of each term.
17. Define and explain skin depth. Derive the expression for the skin depth.Calculate the skin depth and the velocity
of propagation for a uniform plane wave at a frequency of 100MHz traveling in aluminum. 𝜖𝑟=1,=1, σ=3.5x107 S/m.
18. Explain sky wave propagation. Calculate the skip distance for flat earth with MUF of 20 MHz if the
wave is reflected from a height of 200km where the maximum value of refractive index of the earth is 0.95.
19. What is line of sight propagation? Obtain expression for range of line of sight for space wave propagation in terms of
antenna’s transmitting and receiving heights.
20. State and Explain Poynting vector using modified Ampere’s law, derive the pointing theorem and describe the
significance of each of its terms
Module 5 Transmission Lines
Short Questions (for 2 Marks)
1. The transmission line shunt parameter G represents
a) Dielectric loss
b) Conduction loss
c) None of above
2. Which of the following statements are not true of the line parameters R, L, G, and C?
(a) R and L are series elements.
(b) G and C are shunt elements.
(c) G = 1/R
(d) LC = µε and RG = σε.
(e) Both R and G depend on the conductivity of the conductors forming the line.
(f) Only R depends explicitly on frequency.
(g) The parameters are not lumped but distributed.
3. A lossless transmission line of length 50 cm with L = 10 µH/m, C = 40 pF/m is operated at 30 MHz. Its
 Question Bank for the Subject ‘Electromagnetic Engineering’
Semester 6, TE ETRX
electrical length is
(a) 20λ (d) 40π
(b) 0.2 λ (e) None of the above
(c) 108°
4. Define the term. A) Propagation constant B) Characteristic Impedance D) Input Impedance

Long Questions (for 5 Marks)

1. An air line has characteristic impedance of 70 ohm and phase constant of 3 rad/m at 100 MHz. Calculate the
inductance per meter and the capacitance per meter of the line.
2. What are standing waves? Define reflection coefficient and VSWR of a transmission line.
3. Define the following terms a) Characteristics Impedance b) Input Impedance and write expression for it.
4. What is polarization? Explain all the types of polarization

Long Questions (for 10 Marks)

1. Design a short circuit shunt stub match for ZL = 450 − 600 j() for a line of Zo = 300 () and f = 20 MHz use
Smith charts.
2. Derive an expression for characteristic equation of a transmission line. Also obtain ,  and  of the line.
3. Design a single shunt stub match for a load of 150  + j 232.5  for 75  line at 500 MHz using Smith Chart.
4. The parameters of a transmission line are: G = 2.25 m/km, R = 65 /km, L = 1.6 mH/km, C = 0.1 F/km.
Find characteristic impedance and the propagation constant of the line at a frequency of 1 GHz.
5. A generator of 1 V, 1 kHz supplies power to a 1000 km open wire terminated in Z o having the following
parameters. R = 10.4 /km
L = 3.07 mH/km, G = 0.8 /km, C = 0.00835 F/km. Calculate the power delivered at the
receiving end
6. Draw the following normalized quantities on the Smith chart.
(i) (2 + j2) , (iii)(1.0) ,
(ii) (4 − j2) , (iv) (j1.0) 
The parameters of a transmission line are : G = 2.25 mS/km, R = 65 /km, L = 1.6
mH/km, C = 0.1 F/km. Find Z0 and  at a frequency of 1 GHz.
7. A generator of 1V, 1 KHz supplies power to a 1000 km open wire terminated in Z 0 having the following
parameters :
R = 10.4 /km, L = 3.97 mH/km, G = 0.8 S/km, C = 0.00835 F/km
Calculate the power delivered at the receiving end.
8. Why is impedance matching required?
Draw the following normalized quantities on the Smith chart.
(i) (1 + j1) , (ii) (2 − j1), (iii) (0.5) , (iv) (j 0.5) 
 A transmission line is lossless and 0.25m long. It is terminated in a load of ZL=50+j25Ω at a frequency of
10MHz. The inductance and the capacitance of the line are 12.5μH/m and 5nF/m, respectively. Use Smith chart
to find the reflection coefficient, VSWR, the input impedance at the source.
10. Find the characteristic impedance and propagation constant of a transmission line if R=4Ω/m, L=6nH/m,
G=0.8mʊ /m, and C=0.3pF/m, the operating frequency of the transmission line is 100MHz.
10. Derive the expression for the input impedance of a transmission line

Module 5: Introduction to Antennas

Short Questions (for 2 Marks)

1. Principle of radiation states that

a. Excitation current should be constant
b. Wire should be bent
c. Wire should have large diameter
d. Wire should have short length
 Question Bank for the Subject ‘Electromagnetic Engineering’
Semester 6, TE ETRX

Long Questions (for 5 Marks)

1. Define skin effect and give its significance.
2. Explain basic radiation mechanism of antenna with reference to single wire system and 2 wire system.
3. Explain radiation mechanism by showing that parallel wire can act as source of radiation.
4. Define the term Radiation Resistance.
5. Explain the terms related to basic antenna concepts with relevant equation.
Radiation pattern, Beam width, Beam Area, Beam efficiency, Radiation intensity, Radiation power density,
Directivity, Antenna efficiency, Gain, Antenna Aperture.
6. What are isotropic and Omnidirectional pattern.Give one example for each.
7. Expalin the various antenna aperture.
8. Write short note on friiss transmission formula.
9. Write a short note on Antenna noise temp.

Long Questions (for 10 Marks)

1. Derive the expression for radiation resistance in far field region of an infinitesimal dipole.
2. Find the directive gain and directivity if (𝜃, 𝜙) = 10sinθsin2ϕ, 0<𝜃<π, 0< <2π.
3. An antenna has a field pattern given by (𝜃) = sin22θ for 0<𝜃<π. Find the half power beamwidth and the first null
beamwidth.
4. Explain the radiation resistance, directivity, Beam-width and directive gain of the antenna
5. Explain the various antenna region and describe the concept of near field and far field radiation.
6. Explain significance of retarded magnetic vector potential and retarded electric scalar potential.
7. What are the process involve in Antenna analysis.
8. Obtain expression for field components of finite length dipole.
9. Derive radiation resistance of half wave dipole antenna and a monopole antenna.
10. Derive radiation resistance of small dipole.Exp-lain its significance.
11. List the important feature of loop antenna .Discuss use of loop antenna in radio direction finding.
12. Derive an expression for field of array of two isotropic point sources of same amplitude and phase.
13. Explain the Binomial array.Give its advantage.
14. Explain the radiation intensity, directivity and directive gain of the antenna.

Module 6: Introduction to EMI/EMC

Short Questions (for 2 Marks)
1.What is meant by Electromagnetic Interference?

Electromagnetic Interference is any unwanted signal which affects the operation of a device or a system. Example :
Electromagnetic Interference in TV

2. What is meant by Electromagnetic Compatibility?

The ability of a piece of electronic Equipment to operate without degradation and not to be a source in its intended
operating environment.

3.What are the basic types of EMI?

Intra System EMI
2. Inter System EMI
 Question Bank for the Subject ‘Electromagnetic Engineering’
Semester 6, TE ETRX

4. What is Intra System EMI?

EMI is said to be Intra System EMI if the functional characteristics of one module within an electronic equipment or
system is disturbed due to EMI from another module.
5. What is Inter System EMI?

EMI I is said to be inter-EMI if the functional characteristics of one module within an electronic equipment or system is
disturbed due to EMI generated by Equipment.

6.Define Source of EMI.

Actual emitter of Electromagnetic energy either intentionally or unintentionally.

7 .What is capacitive coupling?

Capacitive coupling occurs when a varying electric field exist between two parallel adjacent conductors typically less
than the wave length apart., including a change in voltage across the Gap.
8. Define EMI.
9. Define EMC.
Long Questions (for 5 Marks)

1. Analyze the need for electromagnetic compatibility.

2. Identify the three criteria to be satisfied by any system to become electromagnetically compatible.
3. Discuss the steps to prevent emission that causes the EMI in a system.
4. Give the explanation about the conducted coupling of EMI.
5. Define EMI and EMC.
6. Classify EMI/EMC and List some of the EMC applications.
7. Summarize the effect of EMI on secured communications.
8. Elaborate the effects if the coupling path is not properly shielded

Long Questions (for 10 Marks)

1. Write short notes on EMI Testing categories. Identify the various parameters of measurement? Give their relevant
units.
2. Give an account on radiation hazards. (6) (ii) Interpret the conducted EMI and radiated EMI with examples.
3. State intersystem EMI? How does it affect equipment in an EM environment?
4. Select a proper testing methodology for radiation emissions and susceptibility.
5. Analyze EMI shielding and its need.
6. Define shielding effectiveness.
7. Develop the strategies used in EMC grounding for large systems.
8. Write a short note on grounding,
9. Write a short note on shielding
10. Write a short note on filtering
11. Explain the EMC requirements for electronic systems
12. Write s short note on review of MIL-standards
13. Write s short note on FCC and CISPR requirements.