ROAD CLEANER MACHINE

JONATAHAN P. AMAR JR.

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

(AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY)

JUNE 2024
 ROAD CLEANER MACHINE

JONATAHAN P. AMAR JR.

THESIS OUTLINE SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL

TECHNOLOGY, COLLEGE OF TRADES AND INDUSTRIES, UNIVERSITY OF
SOUTHERN MINDANAO, KABACAN, COTABATO IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

(AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY)

JUNE 2024
 INTRODUCTION

Significance of the Study

Roads play a crucial role in transportation and the environment, providing both

positive and negative impacts. They facilitate transportation for people and

commodities, but also enclose animals, deplete land resources, and affect discharge

sites and natural water resources. Noise, dust, and vibrations are the most harmful

effects of road management and construction. Dust formation is primarily caused by

unbound aggregate layers and gravel roadways, which can be treated through watering.

Maintaining cleanliness is essential for human health and safety. Road cleaners are

used to maintain cleanliness, but these methods are difficult to carry out, produce

pollution, and require extensive maintenance.

However, to conserve energy and protect the environment, user-friendly road and

floor cleaning equipment must be developed. A manual-operated machine can replace

standard electric cleaning machines, featuring a set of wheels connected by a shaft and

adjustable handle heights. A chain drive connects the wheels and gear, allowing the

brush to sweep up debris and deposit it in a waste-collection box. The waste collection

box is removed to dispose of waste properly.

Therefore, this study aimed to make work easier among workers to equip them

with the necessary skills to be effectively in the future. The findings in the study serve as

a basis for workers to make their works easier.

Objectives of the Study

Generally, this study aims to develop a road cleaner machine for cleaning the road

Specifically, it intends to;

1. Design Road cleaner machine

2. Construct and Assemble the road cleaner machine

3. Test the workability of road cleaner machine in terms of;

a. Collecting the wet or dry trash

b. Removing the wet or dry trash in the road

Expected Outputs of the Study

The researcher expects that this project will help them lessen their time and

efforts to works every morning and afternoon, this project that the researcher promotes

will affect to the society.

Place and Time of the Study

The project study will be design, construct, and test at Scorpion Car Care

Services in Whose nature of work will be automotive technology servicing in order to

identify the durability and assurance of the project. The construction of the project will

start in the second semester of the school year 2022 to 2023 and ends in the first

semester of the school year 2023 to 2024.

Operational Definition of Terms

Cleaning - refer to the process of removing debris from roads.

Debris – refers to unwanted material that is found on a road, such as leaves, paper,

and trash.

Road – refer to a vehicle way, Highway.

Road cleaner machine – refer to a machine that is used to remove debris roads.
Project Development Process

The conceptual framework shows the input, process and output of the project.

The input includes the ideas from related literature, tools, equipment used, materials,

supplies, and labor cost. The process were include the Planning, Designing,

Constructing, Testing, and Evaluating. The output was developed.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Ideas from
the Related
 Planning
literature
 Designing
 Tools and Road Cleaner
 Constructing
 Equipment Machine
 Testing
used
 Evaluating
 Materials and
supplies
 Labor cost
 Questionnaire

Figure 1. Conceptual Model of the Study

 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related readings, literature and students which serves

as a basis of this study.

Design and Development of Road Cleaner Machine

According to Atul Waghmare, et al., (2022), states that Cleaning is an essential

part of daily life and is widely employed in a variety of contexts such as roadways,

railway stations, airports, hospitals, bus stops, multi-story buildings, and schools.

Traditional road improvement machines require human power to operate. Our concept

seeks to use market-based materials at minimal cost, making it simple to build and

manage, making it a better alternative to traditional machinery.

According to Jali, M. K. M., et al., (2016). The study aims to develop a semi-

automated road-painting vehicle utilizing a mechatronic technique. The primary vehicle

is an electric bicycle driven by a human operator, with a mobile platform equipped with

an automatic painting mechanism to produce the desired paint pattern. The mechanical,

electrical/electronics, and computer control components work together to paint a

continuous white line down the middle of the road. An Arduino microcontroller allows

complete control over the sequence of actions via a specified computer software. A

safety lamp, an LCD-screen-equipped digital camera, and a pressurized air spray paint

system are also included. The operational prototype was tested in both laboratory and
outdoor environments, demonstrating the machine's capacity to complete fundamental

tasks.

According to Tripathi et al. (2023). Cleaning is an essential daily routine for

maintaining human health. Road cleaning is especially vital because of litter from

plastics, rubbish, and paper. Manual cleaning is laborious and dangerous. Road

cleaning equipment are utilized to alleviate the burden on humans. However, the

available machines are expensive. An eco-friendly, mechanically operated machine is

designed to be both cost-effective and easy. The article covers basic design,

calculations, power transfer, force requirements, component dimensions, material

selection, and cost estimation. The machine is modelled in Solidworks and is intended

to be mechanically operated and environmentally friendly.

According to Bhoyar and Rahangdale (2023). Cleaning is a fundamental human

need, and conventional machines are widely used in various settings like roads, railway

stations, airports, hospitals, bus stands, and multi-buildings. These machines use

human energy and are user-friendly and eco-friendly. However, a project aims to create

a low-cost, easily fabricated, and user-friendly alternative to conventional machines.

The eco-friendly road and floor cleaner is more efficient in terms of coverage area, time,

and cost compared to existing machines, making it an economical and user-friendly

alternative.

According to Abrha Hagazi Tsegay, S. P. D. (2021). Pollution and global warming

pose a significant threat to human health, especially in areas like vehicle roads, railway

stations, airports, hospitals, bus stands, schools, colleges, and universities. A Mini

Motorized Road Cleaning Machine has been designed, modelled, and analyzed using
CATIA V5 and ANSYS software to address these issues. The machine exhibits low

stresses and negligible deformation, making it safe for use. Clean environments are

essential for proper health, and regular cleaning and maintenance of roads improve the

shelf life of floors and walls. There is no single mechanism suitable for all locations

effectively, depending on the type of machine, cleaning method, components, and user

ease of operation. Manual cleaning methods are common in various locations, and

various studies have been conducted to find the most suitable mechanism for different

locations. Some studies have found that manual cleaning methods are within the limits

of the developed model, while others have found eco-friendly road cleaning machines

with various gears and collecting boxes to be more effective.

According to Surendra, P, et al., (2023). This project focuses on designing and

fabricating a multipurpose road and floor cleaning machine that can be used on all types

of roads in both rural and urban areas. The machine uses a manual process and solar

energy to clean floors with motors and brushes. It is useful for cleaning floors and rough

roads, and is portable and lightweight, making it suitable for various settings such as

houses, hospitals, auditoriums, shops, and computer centers. The road cleaner plays a

vital role in India's cleanliness efforts, addressing dusty roads and metal particle

removal. The project aims to present a detailed qualitative study of the cleaning system

using the cleaner, focusing on cleanliness with minimal resource utilization.

According to Waghmare, A, et al., (2023) A new road cleaning equipment has

been developed for Indian roads, using updated technology to reduce the need for

human labor and complete the cleaning in a single drive. The equipment effectively

removes waste from roads, including papers, covers, food, beverages, and fine dust.
The design meets Indian road criteria and allows cleaning of broad roads and

intersecting corners. The "Manually Operated Road Cleaning Machine" uses local

materials and is both economically and socially advantageous. The device operates

using a rotational force and a cylindrical brush to throw dust particles from the road

surface into a container. It is suitable for use in roads, college campuses, bus stands,

and railway stations with high dust accumulation.

According to Hedzry Shafry, R. S. (2022). The Mini Car Automated Road and

Floor Dust Cleaning Machine is a prototype designed to simplify the cleaning process

by collecting debris like dried leaves, dusts, and rubbish while moving automatically.

The machine moves in a straight line, while the brush rolls the debris into a container

inside. This reduces the energy and time required for manual cleaning, such as

sweeping and mopping. The user only needs to adjust the position of the machine,

allowing it to perform the cleaning. This reduces the risk of long-term injuries, such as

back pain and soreness.

According to Ram et al. (2022). The project aims to assist GHMC sweepers, who

are vulnerable to occupational health problems due to limited education and knowledge

about occupational hazards. The team proposes introducing a street sweeper machine

to reduce their time, energy, and make their work simpler and affordable. The machine

is designed to solve issues like dusty roads, choked pipelines, manholes, and metal

particle removal from roads. The project focuses on developing a mechanically

operated eco-friendly road sweeping machine for small space cleaning without pollution.

This is in contrast to manual road cleaning in rural areas, which can pose health risks

like asthma and bronchitis. The mechanically operated machine is less expensive and
more comfortable for rural use, making it suitable for small spaces and eco-friendly for

users. The project aims to present a detailed qualitative study of cleaning systems using

the cleaner, focusing on cleanliness with minimal resource utilization.

According to Hamza et al. (2021). Autonomous road cleaners have gained

popularity in recent years, but their cost-effectiveness is limited by the use of expensive

sensors and infrastructure. This study proposes a cost-effective self-driving road

cleaner capable of cleaning major Asian cities. The cleaner uses advanced machine

vision techniques to detect road lanes and estimate lane angle, and a proportional-

integral-derivative (PID) controller to control speed. The robot also measures turning

angle and takes turns based on road lanes' position. To validate the efficiency of the

solution, experiments have been conducted to test different test cases. The goal is to

create a smart and efficient road cleaner solution.

According to Deokar, S. R., et al., (2023). This paper aims to create a manual,

mechanical, pollution-free road cleaner that is eco-friendly, cost-effective, portable, and

less maintenance-intensive. Conventional floor/road cleaning machines require

electrical energy and are not user-friendly or environmentally friendly. The project uses

easily available materials and is simple in construction, easy to operate, and affordable,

making it suitable for everyday use. The overall cost is also low, making it a cost-

effective alternative to traditional machines. The paper emphasizes the importance of

eco-friendly, floor clean, sweeper roller, and Effortless in the cleaning process,

especially in developing countries like India, where large types of floor cleaning

machines are needed.

 According to Wargantiwar et al. (2023). The purpose of this paper is to study

various mechanized garbage-picking machines with the view to overcome the

challenges associated with roadside garbage picking, various sweeping machines,

sweeping processes, handling garbage, and transportation of garbage. This study

article summarizes the findings of numerous patents and studies done to improve

various garbage-picking mechanisms. Garbage can be collected using a manual,

electric motor-powered, or power-operated method. The first manually operated device

is typically utilized to collect trash from minor roadways. To work, a second-powered

mechanism needs gasoline or diesel. Electric battery power is used to operate the third

electric power mechanism. Each mechanism has advantages and limitations.

Comparative analyses of various mechanisms are carried out using prior research

papers and patents. The majority of patients and researchers indicated enhanced

performance and optimized mechanisms employing manual, electric, or other forms of

power. These solutions have substantial maintenance costs as well, which raises the

overall cost. The revised in this review article.

According to Erinosho et al. (2023). This project aims to promote cleanliness and

reduce land pollution in developing countries like Namibia. Land pollution is primarily

caused by industrial activities, such as construction and manufacturing, which are

typically removed by humans or municipality trucks. The traditional method of sweeping

has been found to be harmful to human health. To address this issue, a modern, eco-

friendly, and cost-effective hand-operated sweeping machine was designed and

fabricated. The machine uses a chain and sprocket mechanism, operating on a

centrifugal motion of a cylindrical brush. The design model was modeled using
Solidworks software, and a physical prototype was fabricated and tested. The product

was found to cause no pollution or environmental danger.

According to Jha (2021). Cleaning is a crucial daily routine for human health, and

road cleaners play a vital role in keeping our surroundings clean. Traditional cleaning

methods, such as electric motors, diesel engines, and robots, produce pollutants,

require maintenance, and are difficult to carry out. To save energy and the environment,

a user-friendly road and floor cleaning machine is needed. The machine consists of

wheels connected by a shaft, which can be moved manually with manual force.

Conventional road cleaning machines are commonly used in railway stations, airports,

hospitals, and bus stands, but they require electricity, making them neither user-friendly

nor environmentally friendly. Power outages during summer can hinder efficient use of

these machines. In this project, materials are used that are easily available and cost-

effective, making it a better alternative to conventional machines.

 METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study will use experimental-descriptive research design. The road cleaner

machine is a manually operated, eco-friendly machine that can be used to clean roads,

pavements, and other surfaces. The machine consists of the following main

components; A frame: The frame is made of a lightweight and durable material, such as

aluminum or steel. It supports all of the other components of the machine. Wheels: The

machine has four wheels, which allow it to be easily maneuvered around. A sweeping

mechanism: The sweeping mechanism consists of a set of rotating brushes. The

brushes sweep debris from the surface of the road and into a collection hopper. A

collection hopper: The collection hopper is a container that stores the debris swept up

by the brushes. A handle: The handle allows the operator to push and steer the

machine.

Operation

To operate the road cleaner machine, the operator simply pushes the machine

along the surface to be cleaned. The rotating brushes will sweep debris into the

collection hopper. When the hopper is full, the operator can empty it into a garbage can

or other disposal container.

Advantages
 The road cleaner machine has a number of advantages over other methods of

road cleaning, including:

• It is manually operated, so it does not require any fuel or electricity. This makes it

an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution for road cleaning.

• It is easy to operate and maintain.

• It is lightweight and maneuverable, so it can be used to clean a variety of

surfaces, including narrow roads and sidewalks.

• It is relatively inexpensive to purchase.

Hence that the authors said the road cleaner machine is a simple, effective, and eco-

friendly solution for road cleaning. It is ideal for use in a variety of settings, including

municipalities, businesses, and private residences.

Construction

Road cleaning machines, also known as street sweepers or road sweepers, are

mechanical devices used to clean roads, sidewalks, and other paved surfaces. They are

an essential tool for maintaining clean and healthy urban environments. Road cleaning

machines can remove a wide variety of debris, including dirt, dust, leaves, litter, and

small stones. They are typically used by municipal governments, but they can also be

used by private companies and individuals.

There are two main types of road cleaning machines: mechanical sweepers and

vacuum sweepers. Mechanical sweepers use brushes to loosen and collect debris,

while vacuum sweepers use suction to collect debris. Some road cleaning machines

use a combination of both methods. Road cleaning machines are typically powered by
diesel engines, but there are also electric and hybrid models available. Diesel-powered

machines are more powerful and can operate for longer periods of time, but they also

produce more emissions. Electric and hybrid machines are more environmentally

friendly, but they may not be as powerful or have as long of a runtime.

Performance

The performance of a road cleaning machine is affected by a number of factors,

including the type of machine, the type of debris, and the condition of the road surface.

In general, mechanical sweepers are better at removing large debris, while vacuum

sweepers are better at removing fine dust and particles.

Environmental Impact

Road cleaning machines can have a positive impact on the environment by

reducing air pollution and improving water quality. However, they can also have a

negative impact by producing noise pollution and consuming energy. Testing the

workability

Mechanical Sweepers:

Mechanical sweepers utilize rotating brushes or brooms to dislodge and sweep debris

into a hopper or conveyor system for collection. They are effective for removing coarse

particles and larger debris but may not be as efficient for fine dust particles. Factors

Affecting Road Cleaning Machine Performance.

Factors Affecting Road Cleaning Machine Performance

The effectiveness of road cleaning machines depends on various factors,

including:

1. Machine Type and Design: The choice of mechanical or vacuum sweeper, brush

configuration, and suction power significantly impacts cleaning performance.

2. Operating Parameters: Driving speed, brush rotation speed, and water spray

settings influence the efficiency of debris removal and dust suppression.

3. Debris Characteristics: The size, type, and distribution of debris affect the cleaning

process and may require adjustments in machine settings.

4. Environmental Conditions: Weather conditions, such as wind and precipitation, can

impact dust generation and machine operation. Recent Advancements in Road

Cleaning Technology.

These advancements include:

1. Improved Dust Control Systems: Advanced filtration systems and water spray

technologies reduce dust emissions and improve air quality.

2. Alternative Fuel Sources: Electric and hybrid sweepers reduce reliance on fossil

fuels and lower emissions.

3. Intelligent Sweeping Systems: Sensors and control systems optimize cleaning

performance and reduce energy consumption.

4. Noise Reduction Technologies: Noise-dampening materials and quieter machinery

minimize noise pollution.

 LITERATURE CITED

Abrha Hagazi Tsegay, S. P. D. (2021). Design, Modelling and Analysis of Mini-

Motorized Road Cleaning Machine.

Atul Waghmare, et al., (2022). Design and development of road cleaner machine.

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road-cleaner-machine

Bhoyar, P., & Rahangdale, H. T. D. S. B. B. R. H. B. P. B. R. a. D. (2023, May 16).

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY ROAD CLEANER MACHINE.

http://www.eprajournals.net/index.php/IJRD/article/view/2010

Deokar, S. R., Gaikwad, A. L., Dange, O. B., & Bhoge, G. H. (2023). Ecofriendly

Road Cleaning Machine. International Research Journal of Modernization in

Engineering Technology and Science, 5(04), 01-05.

Erinosho, M. F., Angula, E., & Shaanika, S. (2023). Design and fabrication of a hand

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Hamza, A., Riaz, F., Abid, S., Atalı, G., & Nawaz, K. (2021). An economically

efficient agent-based autonomous road cleaner for Asian cities. International

Journal of Automotive Science and Technology, 5(4), 419–423.

https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..997185
Hedzry Shafry, R. S. (2022). Design, analysis and fabrication of mini car automated

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https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/72208/

Jali, M. K. M., Mailah, M., & Ghadim, S. (2016). MECHATRONIC DESIGN AND

DEVELOPMENT OF A SEMIAUTOMATED ON-THE-ROAD PAINTING

MACHINE. Jurnal

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Jha, S. (2021). Eco-friendly manually operated floor dust and road cleaning

machine. Jha | International Journal of Mechanics and Design.

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Ram, B., Babu, P., Kiran, K., Reddy, V., & Manohar, E. (2022, December 31).

STREET SWEEPER. The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and

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Surendra, P., Lokanath, N., Achari, K. P. K., Achari, K. S., Naik, K. S. P., Devendra,

C., & Rafi, P. M. (2023). Eco-Friendly Road Cleaner (Semi

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T., & Waghmode, L. (2023) DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ROAD CLEANING

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Wargantiwar, N., Bhaiswar, V. N., & Khond, V. W. (2023). Review of Mechanized

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