Assignment #01

Aquaculture And Pond Water Quality Management-II

Name :
Hijab Zahra
Class:
M. Phil Zoology (Weekend)
Assignment Topic :
Integrated fish farming
Submitted To :
Dr. Muhammad Naeem
Session :
2023-2025
Date :
03-03-2024
Department:
Institute of Pure and Applied Biology

Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan

Integrated fish farming

Definition:
Integrated fish men fish culture is practiced along with other system of crop animals production
it is referred as integrated farming.
Principle:
basic principle the basic principle involved in integrated farming are the utilisation of synergitic
effects of the inter related form activities and the conservation including the full utilisation of
farm based is only place resource which can become a valuable material for another product as
production of high class protein at low cost

Types
1) Agri-based fish farming
a) Rice-Fish-Prawn Culture:
Rice-Fish-Prawn Culture is practiced in many countries of Asia. Fish cultured in trench or canal
dug in pady fields in town areas yielded 700 kg/hr fish along with 5.5 ton/ha of paddy. There also
exists potential for culture of air-breathing fist in the paddy fields as they can easily withstand
low water oxygen levels. The possibility of fish culture in paddy fields in Pakistan can be worked
out to utilize lo lying water areas for dual purpose.
b) Fish Farming-cum-Horticulture
Pond banks provide a suitable place which can be economically used for raising fruit plants like
banana, papaya and vegetable. Farmers in Pakistan have realized the usefulness of horticulture as
1 source of regular income. They are using pond dikes for cultivation of fodder, napier grass,
Sudan gra maize and alfa-alfa which are used as food for animals as well as grass carp, thus
ultimately cutting down the production cost. Fiowel, Flutreyepubles."
c) Fish Farming-cum-Sericulture
Mulberry plants are grown on and around pond dikes which are irrigated with pond water. The
system is commonly practiced in China and newly introduced in other countries. Silk is extracted
from the silkworms which are reared on mulberry leaves while the remaining pupae (having very
high protein content) are fed back to the fish and excellent growth of fish feed on pupae has been
recorded. This technique is now becoming popular and can also be tried in Pakistan in pilot scale
projects.

2) Livestock fish farming

a) Fish-cum ducks/Duck-Fish Farming
 Water surface can be put into full utilization by duck raising as ducks use both land and
water as habitat.
 Fish pond provides an excellent environment to ducks which prevent them from infection
of any parasite and other diseases.
 Ducks feeds on predators like Tadpole, Dragon fly, Weeds thus helps the fingerling to
grow.
 Duck raising in the fish pond reduce the demand for protein on duck feed.
 The daily waste of duck feed can be utilized as fish feed in pond or as manure resulting in
fish yield as well as reduce the conversion ratio.
 Manuring conducted by ducks are homogenously distributed without any heaping of duck
droppings diffused in water column and made available for plankton production.
 By virtue of digging actions of ducks for searching benthos, the nutritional element of
som
b) Poultry Fish farming Poultry farming
is now an established commercial enterprise in combined with fish farming keeping in view the
fact that poultry droppings serve as an excellent S fertilizer for fish ponds. The joint farming
operation requires little space, low capital investment, quick retums and distributed turnover.
Poultry droppings are the richest in highly soluble inorganic salts and F have the highest N and P
values as compared to other manures. It has been experimentally indicated that droppings of 500
birds is enough to fertilize que hectare pond area. The yield of about 3.9 tha yr has been obtained
in composite culture system stocked were recorded when a mixture of cow dung and poultry
dropping was used.
c) Goat cum fish farming
It is considered as poor man's cow and a goat's excreta is considered as a very good organic
fertilizer. The goat excreta contains organic carbon-602, N-2.7%, P-1.78%, K-2.88% and its
urine is also equally rich in both N & P. At least 50-60 goats are essential to fertilize ( ha pond
The goats should be provided with dry, safe, comfortable house protected from excessive heat.
The goat breeds are jamanapari, Beetal, Barbari for milk and Bengal, Sirihi, Desscani are used
for meat purpose. Goats are selective feeders and consume Berseem, Napier grass, Cowpea
Soybean, Mulberry etc. This integration can provide 3500-4000 kg fish/ha/year without
supplementary feeding and fertilizer.
d) Rabbit Fish
Rabbit meat is preferred by most of the health conscious cosumers owing to its low fat in
comparison to other meats. The important meat breeds are soviet Chinchilla, Grey Giant, and
White giant etc. Rabbits are reared in cage, hutch and floor system (floor should be cemented).
Rabbit excreta contain organic carbon 50%, N-2%, P-1.33%, and K-1.2%. The rabbit excreta is
high in nitrogen content and low-in-moisture, thus quality manure for sustained plankton
production It is estimated that excreta from 300 rabbits would be enough for 1 ha pond
fertilization.
e) Cattle Fish farming
A large population of cows and buffaloes exists in the country which plays a role in the national
economy. Fish farming can become more production oriented if integrated with cattle farming
Cattle are allowed to graze on pond banks and grassy areas in the vicinity and manure is either
collected or washed directly from the cattle sheds into the ponds. It has been proved that in the
composite fish culture (rohu, mori, thaila and 3 Chinese carps) when the ponds are manured with
cowdung 15,000 kg/ha/year, an excellent yield of 5,000 kg fish/ha/year can be obtained
Fertilization of nurseries and rearing ponds with cowdung is a widespread practice in Pakistan.
However, there is a strong need to standardize the number of animals required to provide manure
per unit area of fish ponds. It has been estimated that fresh cowdung manure voided by two cows
is sufficient to fertilize one ha of pond turca

Advantages of Integrated Fish Farming

 Efficient waste utilization in different culture practice for fish production.
 It reduces the additional cost for supplementary feeding as well as fertilization.
 It is an artificial balanced ecosystem where is no waste
 It provides more employment avenues.
 It reduces the input and increases output and economic efficiency.
 The integrated fish farming provides fish along with meat (Chicken, duck, beef, pork e
vegetables, fruits, eggs, grains, fodder, mushroom etc.
 This practice has potential to increase the production and socio-economic status of water

Ecosystem in Integrated Fish Farming

1. Trapping Solar Energy and Production of Organic Matter:
Primary producers, such as algae and aquatic plants, trap solar energy through photosynthesis.
They convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into organic matter, primarily in the form of
plant biomass.
2. Utilization by Phagotrophs or Tertiary Consumers:
Phagotrophs or tertiary consumers, such as zooplankton or small fish, consume the primary
producers as their food source. They feed on algae, aquatic plants, and other organic matter
present in the ecosystem.
3. Decomposition by Saprotrophs or Osmotrophs:
After the primary producers and phagotrophs are consumed, their remains, along with any
uneaten organic matter, are decomposed by saprotrophs or osmotrophs. These decomposers,
which include bacteria and fungi, break down the organic matter into simpler compounds
through processes like decay and fermentation.
4. Release of Nutrients for Producers:
During decomposition, nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon are released from the
organic matter into the water. These nutrients serve as essential fertilizers for the growth of
primary producers, completing the cycle. The nutrients are taken up by algae, aquatic plants, and
other primary producers, restarting the process of trapping solar energy and producing organic
matter.

C) Crop-Fish-Livestock Integration
 In this integrated system, crops, fish, and livestock are all interconnected and support
each other's growth.
 Crops are planted along the banks of ponds where fish are raised. Livestock, such as
ducks or geese, can graze on the grassy areas surrounding the ponds and may also be
raised on floating platforms within the ponds.
 Livestock waste, such as manure, serves as natural fertilizer for the crops grown along the
pond banks, enriching the soil and promoting plant growth.
 Fish raised in the ponds benefit from the nutrients provided by both the livestock waste
and any organic matter from the crops that falls into the water.
 This integrated approach creates a balanced ecosystem where each component
contributes to the overall productivity and sustainability of the system.

Disadvantages of Integrated Fish Farming

1. Complex Management:
Managing multiple components like crops, fish, and livestock together can be
challenging, requiring farmers to have diverse skills and knowledge. It may also lead to
increased labor and management costs.

2. Risk of Disease Spread:

Integrating different species in close proximity can increase the risk of disease
transmission. A disease outbreak in one component of the system can quickly spread to
others, leading to losses.

3. Competition for Resources:

Different components may compete for resources such as water, space, and nutrients,
leading to imbalances and reduced productivity. For example, fish may compete with
crops for water or nutrients in shared ponds.

4. Environmental Impact:
 Improper management practices in integrated systems can result in environmental
degradation, such as water pollution from excess nutrients or chemicals used in crop
farming, or habitat destruction.

Preventions in Integrated Fish Farming

1. Water Management:
 Regularly monitor water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen
levels, and nutrient concentrations.
 Properly manage water flow and exchange rates to prevent stagnation and maintain
oxygen levels.
 Implement water recirculation systems or biofilters to reduce waste buildup and improve
water quality.

2. Sanitation and Hygiene:

 Practice strict hygiene protocols, including disinfection of equipment, tools, and facilities
to prevent the spread of diseases.
 Quarantine new fish or livestock arrivals before introducing them into the integrated
system to prevent introducing pathogens.

3. Prevent contamination and disease spread

 Properly dispose of dead fish or livestock to prevent contamination and disease spread.

4. pH Adjustment:
 Lime can be used to adjust water pH to an optimal range for fish health, typically
between 6.5 and 8.5.
 Adding lime can help stabilize water pH and prevent fluctuations that may stress fish or
promote bacterial growth.Lime has antimicrobial properties and can help control the
growth of bacteria and pathogens in water.

1. Which of the following is not a component of integrated fish farming?

a) Poultry b) Horticulture c) Aquaculture d) Astronomy
2. What is the primary purpose of integrated fish farming?
a) Maximizing fish production b) Balancing nutrient cycles c) both a and b d) None
3. Which of the following is an advantage of integrated fish farming?
a) Increased water usage b) Disease vulnerability c) Efficient use of resources d) None
4. What does vermiculture contribute to integrated fish farming?
a) Soil fertility b) Fish feed c) Oxygenation d) Pest control
5. Which is commonly used in integrated fish farming to control pests and diseases?
a) Antibiotics b) Chemical fertilizers c) Synthetic pesticides d) Biological control agents
6. Which component of integrated fish farming involves growing plants without soil?
a) Hydroponics b) Aquaculture c) Pisciculture d) Sericulture
7. What is the term for the integration of fish farming with livestock rearing?
a) Aquaponics b) Aviculture c) Sericulture d) Mycoculture
8. What is the primary purpose of incorporating livestock in integrated fish farming systems?
a) Diversification b) Aesthetics c) Noise pollution d) Crop protection
9. In integrated fish farming, what purpose does the fish serve in relation to the crops?
a) Acting as fertilizer b) Acting as a pesticide c) Providing shade d) None
10. What role do plants play in an integrated fish farming system?
a) Solely ornamental b) Providing habitat for pests c) Absorbing excess nutrients d) None
11. Which of the following is not a potential byproduct of integrated fish farming?
a) Vegetables b) Honey c) Biogas d) Plastic
12. Which farming practice involves growing fish and crops in the same water body?
a) Polyculture b) Monoculture c) Aquaponics d) Hydroponics
13. What is the term for the integrated farming system that includes fish, livestock, and crops?
a) Polyculture b) Monoculture c) Aquaponics d) Permaculture
14. Which component of integrated fish farming focus on rearing of aquatic organisms for food?
a) Horticulture b) Aquaculture c) Apiculture d) Sericulture
15. What is the primary purpose of integrating bees into fish farming?
a) Pollination b) Honey production c) Fish feed d) Soil enrichment
16. Which farming practice involves growing trees alongside fish ponds?
a) Silvopasture b) Hydroponics c) Dendrology d) Agroforestry
17. Which element of integrated fish farming involves the cultivation of fruits and vegetables?
a) Apiculture b) Horticulture c) Sericulture d) Viticulture
18. In aquaponics, what role do plants play in the ecosystem?
a) Oxygenation b) Food for fish c) Nutrient filtration d) Pest control
19. What is the primary benefit of integrating ducks into fish farming systems?
a) Weed control b) Fish predation c) Oxygenation d) Soil aeration
20. Which farming technique combines fish farming with rice cultivation?
a) Polyculture b) Monoculture c) Agroforestry d) Rice-fish farming