COURSE: Public Safety Basic Recruit Course (PSBRC)

Module 1: Breaking Period

Phase 3 Internal Security Operation Sub-Module 6
6.1 Individual Skills Training
Lesson Plan

Topic : Map Reading/ Land Navigation

Lesson Plan Number :

Target Audience : PSBRC Trainees

Venue : RTC Classroom

Training Number :

Time Allotted : 24 hrs

Instructional Methods :  Lecture  PE  Critique

Training Aids : Laptop, Multi-media projector, Projector

Screen, Laser Pointer

Training requirements : Notebook and Ballpen

Issue Items : Handouts

Required Instructor Qualifications:  General Instructor

 Specialized

 Master Instructor

Coordination : Not Necessary

References : ISO Scout Manual

Lesson Goal : This lesson intended to discuss the proper

usage of map and compass and know the
SOPs and techniques of land navigation.

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Lesson Objectives:

After this lesson, the trainees will be able to:

L.O 1. Discuss the proper usage of map and compass as used in counter-
insurgency operations for case movement and as a tool for survival with 100%
correctness.
L.O 2. Apply the SOPs and techniques of land navigation in accordance with
prescribed rules and guidelines as stated in the police operations manual.
L.O 3. Perform correctly practical exercises with the close supervision of the
instructor.

Presentation Outline:
Topic Time Methodology
I. Introduction 5 mins
II. Motivation Show the students
a map and compass
and discuss the
proper usage of
map and compass
10 mins
for counter –
insurgency
operations for ease
of movement and
as tool for survival
III. Lesson Proper
A. Introduce and discuss the
following specific subject areas,
giving examples to make point
4hrs
clear when necessary.
lectures/ 16 Lecture/Discussion
B. Emphasize the following key
hours PE/ and Practical
points.
3hrs Exercises
C. Summarize the
Critique
Lesson/Important Points
Discussed

IV. Summary 45 mins

Total 24 hrs

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 Lesson Plan
Lesson Topic – Map Reading/ Land Navigation

I. Introduction (5mins)

1. Introduce Instructor to the participants

a. Name:
b. Designation/present unit assignment/work experience
c. Educational Background

II. Motivation (10mins)

1. Show the students a map and compass.

2. Discuss the proper usage of map and compass for counter–insurgency
operations for ease of movement and as a tool for survival.

III. Lesson Proper (4hrsLEC/16hrsPE/3hrs Critique)

(Map Reading/Land Navigation)

Map Orientation

A map is a graphical representation of the earth’s surface, drawn

to a scale on a flat plane. Buildings, roads, or rivers are approximately
represented by standard map symbols.

A. Understanding the map

1. According to Scale
The scale is expressed as a fraction and gives the ratio of map
distance to ground distance.

Ex. Small scale- 1:600,000 and smaller

Medium scale- 1:600,000-1:75,000 standard 1:250,000
Large scale- 1:75,000 standard 1:50,000

2. According to type
a) Plan metric map
b) Topographic map
c) Photomap
d) Joint operation graphic map
e) Photo Mosaic map
f) Terrain model
g) Military City map
h) Special map

3. Marginal Information
a) Upper left- series name and scale
b) Top Center- sheet name, name of the particular area

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 c) Top Right- sheet number and serial number
d) Lower Left- series number, serial number, serial number
regulated, edition number, and date
e) Bottom center- representation fraction and graphic and
graphic scale information on contour interval, information on
the grid system used and a brief explanation of the coordinate
system
f) To the right of grid information- declination diagram showing
the relationship among the three types of north
g) Lower right- coverage diagram showing method of revision
and date of photography for the map
h) Extreme lower right- sheet name and series name repeated

4. Colors used in the Map

a) Black- man-made
b) Reddish Brown- contour lines
c) Blue- water features
d) Green- vegetation
e) Brown- contour
f) Red- Populated areas and main roads

5. Classification of Grids
a) Geographic Coordinates
b) Military Grid System
c) Grid Line
d) Grid Square

B. The Compass

1. Based Direction
 The True North
 Magnetic north
 The Grid North

2. Handling the Compass

 Center Hold Technique
 The Compass-to Cheek Technique

3. Presenting
A compass to follow an azimuth during limited visibility in
times of darkness, and an azimuth may be set on the compass by
the click method.

Bezel may contain 3-degree clicks

1. Rotate the bezel ring, until the luminous line is over the fixed
block line
2. Find the desired azimuth and divide it by three
3. Count the desired number of clicks

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 4. With the compass present as described above, assume a
center technique and rotate your body, until the north seeking
is aligned

4. Rules when using the compass

 Keep the compass away from the metal objects and high
tension wires
 Keep the compass close when not in use

5. The magnetic azimuth

 If the azimuth is less than 180 degrees, the back azimuth is
the value of the azimuth plus 180 degrees.
 If the azimuth is more than 180 degrees, the back azimuth is
the value of the azimuth minus 180 degrees.
 If the azimuth is exactly 180 degrees, the back azimuth is 0
degree or 360 degrees.

6. Performance measure: GO NO GO
a) Interpretation of map symbols ____ ____
and Information
b) Mastery of the use of compass ____ ____
c) Hitting a target at a given time ____ ____

LAND NAVIGATION
A. Definition
Land navigation is the movement between two points on the
ground where an individual uses terrain features to guide him, as well as
his map and ground location throughout the movement.

Ground navigation demands a thorough knowledge of how terrain

feature on the map actually appears on the ground. Since terrain
features are often used as guides during movement, the use of compass
is minimal.

B. Basic Rules of Land Navigation

 Begin from a known position both on the map and on the ground.
 When you are checking your position, orient your map to the
ground every time you refer to it

C. Techniques of Land Navigation

Steps in Land Navigation Through the Map:

1. Study the terrain and determine the most [practical route to

your destination.
2. Remember to select appropriate features along your intended
route to guide on during the movement.

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 3. Pre-select terrain features may serve as your checkpoints and
you can constantly check your progress by verifying your
distance from them.
4. Checkpoints may also be in the form of rivers and creeks you
have to ford, hills you have to skirt around, or cliffs to climb.
These checkpoints are your assurance that you will not be
lost.

Determine the general direction of your movement and plan

your route such that you will not hit a natural obstacle directly.
Obstacles such as broad and deep rivers, marshes and swamps
should be avoided. Be sure however, that when you divert from the
original heading, you can revert to it accurately after avoiding these
obstacles.

Begin your movement considering the following facts:

 Horizontal distance between terrain features along your route.

 Vertical distance between terrain features along your route.
 Confirmation of your location at selected terrain feature along
your route.

Upon arrival at your final destination

Confirm your location by detailed comparative analysis between
your ground position and your plotted map position.

IV. SKILL EVALUATION

Given a problem, create or build a terrain model at least five grids

square from the grid coordinate being targeted. Hit the target with minimal
use of compass, relying mostly on terrain features. Brief the student
properly on matters that should and should not be done.

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