1. The bored passengers rushed to board the bus as soon as the bus ....

A. arriving
B. has arrived
C. arrived
D. will arrive
2. It is essential that the test ... rescheduled due to the storm.
A. being
B. had
C. be
D. had been
3. ... her presence brings happiness to her family is true.
A. What
B. When
C. How
D. That
4. She decided to walk home by herself ... she knew that it was dangerous.
A. although
B. because
C. because of
D. despite
5. Marco rarely missed participating Taekwondo championship when he wasin Junior
High School, ...?
A. doesn‘t he
B. does he
C. didn‘t he
D. did he
6. Mrs. Vivi is ... a role model for my younger sister that she often imitates the way Mrs.
Vivi behaves.
A. very
B. so
 C. really

D. such
7. Ms. Katty got the group assignments ... before midnight.
A. emailed
B. was emailed
C. had emailed
D. email
8. John, accompanied by his friends, ... going to participate archery competition now.
A. were
B. was
C. are
D. is
9. Joanna asked me, ―How do you get the ticket?‖ Joanna asked me ....
A. how did I get the ticket
B. how I got the ticket
C. how did you get the ticket
D. how I get the ticket
10. The florist said that the price of a tulip bucket is a bit ... than a rose bucket.
A. more expensive
B. most expensive
C. the most expensive
D. expensive
11. No sooner ... chicken soup than she changed her mind to order cream soup.
A. had Vania ordered
B. Vania ordered
C. has Vania ordered
D. did Vania order
12. Your parents were grateful for and proud of ... taking on the responsibility for the
charity events.
A. yours
 B. your
C. you
D. you‘re

13. If I ... enough time, I would have met him to clarify the matter.
A. had
B. had had
C. had been had
D. have had
14. He doesn‘t like cheese pizza, and ....
A. so do I
B. I don‘t neither
C. neither do I
D. I am too
15. Their suggestions sound ... so we decide to put them in our proposal.
A. logics
B. logic
C. logically
D. logical
ERROR RECOGNITION
Choose the one word or phrase which would not be appropriate in standard written
English!
16. The mostA you feel comfortableB with someone, the more you want to stayC with
themD all the time.
17. As far toA I know, the man standing in front ofB the secretary‘s desk isC our
manager‘s cousin coming fromD Japan.
18. When our CEO comesA to the ballroom, please stand up and givesB him a cheerful
applauseC until he takes a sitD in his chair.
19. The lecturerA explains that the US CongressB consistsC of not only the Senate norD the
House of Representative.
20. When there isA an economic and monetaryB crisis in 1998 in Indonesia, businessC
people were seriously concernedD about handling their problems.
21. The handsome tall manA whomB is talking with the fruit seller overC there had
married to a pretty young womanD.
22. Rara will haveA the research paper editB after she had finishedC collecting data and
composingD the paper.
23. AlthoughA children has grownB up, every parents still must be worried onc them
wheneverD and wherever they are.
24. Someone opensA the door whenB the whole family was enjoyingC the barbeque party
atD backyard.
25. Barely she picked upA her boyfriend‘s callingB because she still felt upsetC that he
didn‘t reply her messages last nightD.
26. SomeA men like playingB basketball in the afternoon while anotherC don‘tD.
27. In this crowdedA road, you should rememberB to drive enough slowlyC to avoidD the
accident.
28. My mother has plannedA to goB toC Canada next week, and so doesD my brother and
my sister.
29. Neon, a colorlessA gas, is found inB small quantities in the air and areC used to
produceD a bright light.
 30. There is absolutelyA a differenceB between to watchC the film inD the cinema and
seeing it at home.
31. OvereatingA, in addition to lack of attention to nutrition, areB said to be the major
causeC of obesityD in the U.S.
32. BecauseA the students showed they had readB the materials so thoroughC, the
instructor decided not toD administer an exam.

33. Sheron decided to waitA until she had takenB her exams beforeC having her wisdom
teeth pullD.
34. Hardly the planeA had landed when Adam realizedB that he had leftC the fileD he
needed at his office.
35. The management had better to formalizeA its employment policiesB in order to avoidC
adverse employment claims in the futureD.
36. The authorA has not rarelyB written anythingC that was not best-sellerD.
37. The Dean of the College of EducationA has already to decideB that the meeting will be
heldC onD campus.
38. The professor had already completedA calculation of the final gradesB before he had
submittedC themD to the office.
39. SeveralA cars plunged intoB the water when the pier was strikingC by a barge that
separated from its tugboatD.
40. The new prospect for the team has great height and agilityA, but the coaches do not
believe he moves enough quicklyB to play in the positionC that they need to fillD.

READING COMPREHENTION

The following is the text for number 41 – 44

After enhancements in the virtual reality experience, the digital sense technology is
targeting the nose. Digital scent technology makes use of hardware devices in order to
sense and generate different types of smells. Products like e-nose and scent synthesizer are
used to sense, receive or transmit smell through a digital medium.
Smiths Detection Inc., Scent Sciences Corporation, ams AG, Alpha MOS SA,
Electronics Sensor Technology, and ScentSational Technologies LLC are a few major
players in the global di gital scent technology market. A lot of companies are investing
in the digital scent technology market. Also, application of e-nose in the security and
military sectors is another factor that will help in driving the growth of digital scent
market. Rising adoption of smart devices is another major factor driving the growth of
digital scent technology market. Also, growing demand for quality assessments with the
help of e-nose and scent synthesizers is set to drive the growth of the digital scent
technology market. The product segment in the digital scent technology market
comprises of mobile phone, smelling screen, music and video game, explosives detector,
quality control product, medical diagnostic product, and others. The quality control
product sub-segment of the global digital scent technology market is expected to grow at a
significant rate during the forecast period. This is owing to the increasing demand for e-
nose based quality assessment techniques for raw material which help in saving the
wastage of food and also help in improving its quality. Also, the growing trend of
adoption of digital devices such as smartphones is one of the factors driving the growth of
digital scent
technology market.
The North American region holds the largest share of the market across the globe
followed by Europe, and Asia Pacific region. The U.S. and Canada are dominating the
North America market due to rising technological enhancements and growing adoption of
artificial intelligence in the region. Moreover, the region has a well-established
infrastructure, which allows faster implementation of advanced technologies. Additionally,
the growing adoption of smart grid deployment is another major factor driving the growth of
digital scent technology market in the region.

The global digital scent technology market is expected to grow at a CAGR of

approximately 33% during the forecast period 2017-2023.

41. What is the topic of the passage?

A. The description of digital scent technology
B. The digital scent technology market
 C. The product of digital scent technology
D. The market share of tech-enterprise
E. The application of digital scent technology

42. The author holds assumption that….

A. Investors seems uninterested towards the digital scent technology market
B. The North America comes second regarding the market share globally
C. The digital scent technology segment is exclusive only on mobile device adaptation
D. There will be a one third rise globally regarding the digital scent technology selling
E. The market of digital scent technology is expected to drop by the end of 2023

43. It can be implied from paragraph 4 that….

A. North American digital scent technology user is wider than another region.
B. The North America has the biggest market share in the whole world.
C. The digital scent technology is less profitable in North America.
D. U.S. and Canada citizen disfavour digital scent technology.
E. The market share has experienced a bounce in Europe.

44. Based on the passage, what is the factor that play a major role in driving the
growth of digital scent technology market in North America?
A. The growing trend of smartphone adaptation
B. A rise in demand of E-nose technology
C. Adoption of smart grid deployment
D. E-nose application on military activities
E. A strict quality assessment

The following text is for question number 45 - 46

A balanced diet is not a fad, yo-yo or crash diet. It's a way of ensuring you eat all of
the required nutrients for your body to function properly. A balanced diet will not be the
same for everyone. We're all different and often, individuals will require different amounts
and types of nutrients. What you need will depend on age, gender, lifestyle, health and the
rate at which your body works.
Eating a balanced diet is key in maintaining good health and keeping your body in
optimum condition. A balanced diet doesn't cut out food groups; it consists of a wide variety
of foods to support your body and keep you energised, motivated and healthy.
To maintain good health, your body needs whole foods and regular physical activity.
If you are interested in adopting a more balanced diet, understanding the basics will make
the change seem less daunting.
Carbohydrates and starchy foods, such as rice, pasta, cereal and potato, should
generally be the size of your fist. Butter and spreads are often high in fat and sugar,
therefore only a small amount is needed - aim for a portion the size of the tip of your
thumb. Protein sources, such as meat and fish, should generally be the size of your palm.
(agree comparative)

Fruit and vegetables will generally make up the largest part of your meals. Try to add
a variety of greens to your lunch and dinners and if you can snack on fruit, you can easily
reach the 5 a day recommendation.
Once again, portion sizes will vary. If you exercise regularly, you may need more
food than
someone who isn‘t very active - in this case, a sports nutritionist may be able to help you.

45. The word daunting in paragraph 3 can be replaced by….

A. Comfortable
B. Calm
C. Sophisticated
D. Relaxed
E. Challenging

46. The Paragraph following this passage will likely discuss….

A. How a sport nutritionist assists your diet need
B. A diet for inactive people
C. Benefit of exercise regularly
 D. A disadvantage of reducing portion size
E. A drawback of daily physical activity

47. The author would apparently agree that….

A. The amount of carbohydrate and protein needs are the same
B. The consumption of fat and sugar should be less than carbohydrate consumption
C. Fruit and vegetable portion are as the same as carbohydrate and scratchy food
D. Greens should be added to our breakfast menu
E. A balanced diet is the same for everyone

48. In which paragraph does the author mention the factors that affect individuals‘
nutrients need?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

The following text is for question 49 - 50

COVID-19 pandemic has triggered new ways of learning. All around the world,
educational institutions are looking toward online learning platforms to continue with the
process of educating students. As with most teaching methods, online learning has its own
set of positive and negative. Decoding and understanding the positive and negative will
help institutes in creating strategies for more efficiently delivering the lessons, ensuring an
uninterrupted learning journey for students.

Online learning offers teachers an efficient way to deliver lessons to students. Online
learning has a number of tools such as videos, PDFs, podcasts, and teachers can use all
these tools as part of their lesson plans. By extending the lesson plan beyond traditional
textbooks to include online resources, teachers are able to become more efficient educators.
Another advantage of online education is that it allows students to attend classes
from any location of their choice. It also allows schools to reach out to a more extensive
network of students, instead of being restricted by geographical boundaries. Additionally,
 online lectures can be recorded, archived, and shared for future reference. This allows
students to access the learning material at a time of their comfort.
In spite of the benefit offered, one of the biggest challenges of online learning is the
struggle with focusing on the screen for long periods of time. With online learning, there is
also a greater chance for students to be easily distracted by social media or other sites.
Therefore, it is imperative for the teachers to keep their online classes crisp, engaging, and
interactive to help students stay focused on the lesson.
Another key challenge of online classes is internet connectivity. While internet
penetration has grown in leaps and bounds over the past few years, in smaller cities and
towns, a consistent connection with decent speed is a problem. Without a consistent internet
connection for students or teachers, there can be a lack of continuity in learning for the child.
This is detrimental to the education process.

49. How are Paragraph 3 and 4 related?

A. The former discusses the advantage of online learning and the later support by
giving a concrete example
B. The former elaborates the easy access of online learning and the later elaborates it
C. Paragraph 3 tells one advantage of online learning and paragraph 4
mentions the disadvantage of it
D. Paragraph 3 presents the online learning boundaries and paragraph 4 exemplify it
E. The former gives reason why students should choose online learning and
paragraph 4 support the claim

50. The following statement is true about online learning EXCEPT….

A. Pandemic cause a change in the way people study.
B. Learning online gives teacher efficiency in delivering the materials
C. Students can attend the class anywhere
D. Students find it difficult to stay focus on the screen for a long time
E. Internet becomes a challenge of online learning in remote area

Infections with Ebola virus are acute. There is not carrier state. Because the natural
reservoir of the virus Is unknown, the manner in which the virus first appears in a human at
the start of an outbreak has not been determined. However, researchers have hypothesized
that the first patient becomes infected through contact with an infected animal.
After the first case-patient in an outbreak setting is Infected, the virus can be
transmitted in several ways. People can be exposed to Ebola virus from direct contact with
the blood and/or secretions of an infected person. Thus, the virus Is often spread through
families and friends because they come in close contact with such secretions when caring for
infected persons. People can also be exposed to Ebola virus through contact with objects,
such as needles, that have been contaminated with infected secretions.
Nosocominal transmission refers to the spread of a disease within a health-care setting,
such as a clinic or hospital. It occurs frequently during Ebola HF outbreaks. It includes both
types of transmission described above. In African health-care facilities, patients are often
cared for without the use of a mask, gown, or gloves. Exposure to the virus has occurred
when health care workers treated individuals with Ebola HF without wearing these types of
protective clothing. In addition, when needles or syringes are used, they may not be of the
disposable type, or may not have been sterilized, but only rinsed before reinsertion into multi-
use vials of medicine.
51. In presenting the ideas, the writer starts by ....
A. Describing no dear date about the first outbreak of the virus infection
B. Stating how the first Ebola virus infection on human took place
C. Exposing how severely the Ebola virus infects patients
D. Revealing the first case of the Ebola virus Infecting humans
E. Affirming the confusion of researchers about the unknown virus

Green plants use light to transform carbon dioxide, absorbed from the atmosphere, and
water into organic compounds, with oxygen as a by-product. The process is called
photosynthesis, and it enables forests like Ulu Masen, Aceh Jaya, to play a critical role in
regulating our climate.
Forests store an estimated 300 billion tons of carbon, or the equivalent of 40 times the
world's total annual greenhouse-gas emission-- emission that cause global warming. Destroy
the trees and you release that carbon Into the atmosphere, putting the great challenge of our
age— averting catastrophic climate change-- beyond reach. Forest destruction accounts for
15 %of global emissions by human activity, far out ranking the total from vehicles and
aircraft combined.
Forests are disappearing so fast in Indonesia that Incredibly, this developing country
ranks third in emissions behind industrial giants China and the U.S. Since 1950, estimated
Greenpeace, more than 182 million acres (740,000 sq km) of Indonesian forests, the
equivalent of more than 95 Ulu Masens, have been destroyed or degraded.
The good news is that protecting forests "Is one of the easiest and cheapest ways to take
a big bite out of the apple when it comes to emmisions7 says Greenpeace spokesman Daniel
Kessler. Viumasen will be one of the first forests to be protected under a pioneering U.N.
program called REOD—Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in
Developing Countries-- that offers a powerful financial incentive to keep forests intact.
52. The author's view regarding reducing greenhouse-gas emission Is that....
A. awareness raising is necessary
B. massive funding is unavoidable
C. keeping forests green is a key
D. fauna conservation is critical
E. deforestation is vital

The beginning of the twenty-first century has been called the end of the supermodel era
by fashion magazines, trend watchers, and news organizations around the world. The models
are being replaced, so the theory goes, with actors. Check the covers of fashion magazines,
and you will find that many on any given month feature an actor, rather than a model. But, as
with most trends, this is nothing new.
From its beginnings in the 1920s, the modeling industry has pro- vided beautiful people
to help sell everything from magazines to computers to vacation destinations. John Robert
Powers, who opened the first modeling agency in 1923, was a former actor who hired his
actor friends to model for magazine advertisements. Cary Grant, Lucille Ball, and Princess
Grace of Monaco were clients. However, for many models simply being ―great-looking‖ was
where their resumés began and ended. The height of popularity for them was in the 1980s and
1990s, the era of the supermodel. A handful of ―perfect‖ women com- manded salaries of up
to $25,000 a day to walk catwalks at fashion shows, appear in print ads, and pose their way
through commercials. They were celebrities, treated with all of the lavish attention usually
paid to heads of state or rock stars.
But that was in the supermodel heyday. As designers and magazine editors began to
favor more exotic and more ―real‖ looking models, the modeling handful grew into an army.
The demand for the perfect- looking select few dropped, and women who had quirky smiles,
a few extra pounds, spiky hair, or were past their twenties, gained favor. This group was
joined by those who achieved success in some other venue, such as music (think Renee
Fleming raving about a watch), sports (Tiger Woods happily devouring his Wheaties®), and
acting (Danny Glover waxing rhapsodic over MCI). Iconic fashion designer Calvin Klein
summed it up: ―I don‘t think that people are that interested in models anymore. It‘s not a
great moment for the modeling industry. It says a lot about our society and I think it‘s good.‖
53. According to the passage, the author believes that
A. today‘s fashion models are not as perfect looking as were the supermodels.
B. people still respond to perfection in advertising.
C. today‘s fashion models are thinner than those in the past.
D. to be a model, one must be taller than average.
E. in the 1980s, models were paid more than they are today.

Almost from the beginning of his administration, Lincoln was pressured by

abolitionists and radical Republicans to issue an Emancipation Proclamation. In principle,
Lincoln approved, but he postponed action against slavery until he believed he had wider
support from the American public. The passage of the Second Confiscation Act by Congress
on July 17, 1862, which freed the slaves of everyone in rebellion against the government,
provided the desired signal. Not only had Congress relieved the Administration of
considerable strain with its limited initiative on emancipation, it demonstrated an increasing
public abhorrence toward slavery. Lincoln had already drafted what he termed his
―Preliminary Proclamation.‖ He read his initial draft of the Emancipation Proclamation to
Secretaries William H. Seward and Gideon Welles on July 13, 1862. For a moment, both
secretaries were speechless. Quickly collecting his thoughts, Seward said something about
anarchy in the South and possible foreign intervention, but with Welles apparently too
confused to respond, Lincoln let the matter drop.
Nine days later, on July 22, Lincoln raised the issue in a regularly scheduled Cabinet
meeting. The reaction was mixed. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, correctly interpreting
the Proclamation as a military measure designed both to deprive the Confederacy of slave
labor and bring additional men into the Union Army, advocated its immediate release.
Treasury Secretary Salmon P. Chase was equally supportive, but Montgomery Blair, the
Postmaster General, foresaw defeat in the fall elections. Attorney General Edward Bates, a
conservative, opposed civil and political equality for blacks but gave his qualified support.
Fortunately, President Lincoln only wanted the advice of his Cabinet on the style of the
Proclamation, not its substance. The course was set. The Cabinet meeting of September 22,
1862 resulted in the political and literary refinement of the July draft, and on January 1, 1863,
Lincoln composed the final Emancipation Proclamation. It was the crowning achievement of
his administration.
54. The author‘s attitude to the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation is one of
A. informed appreciation.
B. reluctant admiration.
C. ambiguous acceptance.
D. conflicted disapproval.
E. personal dislike.

A mainstay of American newspapers since the early nineteenth century, political

cartoons use graphic art to comment on current events in a way that will inform, amuse,
provoke, poke, and persuade readers. Cartoons take on the principal issues and leaders of the
day, skewering hypocritical or corrupt politicians and depicting the ridiculous, the ironic, or
the serious nature of a major event in a single, deftly drawn image. Cartoons use few words,
if any, to convey their message. Some use caricature, a technique in which a cartoonist
exaggerates the features of well-known people to make fun of them. (Think of renderings of
Bill Clinton with a nose redder than Rudolph‘s and swollen out of proportion, or cartoons of
George W. Bush‘s exaggerated pointy visage sporting a ten-gallon cowboy hat.)
 Because they have the ability to evoke an emotional response in readers, political
cartoons can serve as a vehicle for swaying public opinion and can contribute to reform.

Thomas Nast (1840–1902), the preeminent political cartoonist of the second half of the
nineteenth century, demonstrated the power of his medium when he used his art to end the
corrupt Boss Tweed Ring in New York City. His images, first drawn for Harper‘s Weekly,
are still in currency today: Nast created the tiger as the symbol of Tammany Hall, the
elephant for the Republican Party, and the donkey for the Democratic Party. Created under
tight deadlines for ephemeral, commercial formats like newspapers and magazines, cartoons
still manage to have lasting influence. Although they tackle the principal issues and leaders of
their day, they often provide a vivid historical picture for generations to come.
55. The author would most likely agree with which statement?
A. The more mean-spirited a political cartoon is, the more effective.
B. Political cartoons are a powerful means of influencing the public.
C. Political cartoonists must maintain their objectivity on controversial subjects.
D. Political cartoons cater to an elite class of intellectuals.
E. Because of their relevance to current affairs, political cartoons rarely serve as
historical documents.

The first enclosed mall was the Galleria Vittoria Emanuele in Milan, Italy in 1865–77.
Inspired by its design, Victor Gruen took the shopping and dining experience of the Galleria
to a new level when he created the Southdale Center Mall in 1956. Located in a suburb of
Minneapolis, it was intended to be a substitute for the traditional city center. The 95-acre,
two-level structure had a constant climate-controlled temperature of 72 degrees, and included
shops, restaurants, a school, a post office, and a skating rink. Works of art, decorative
lighting, fountains, tropical plants, and flowers were placed throughout the mall. Southdale
afforded people the opportunity to experience the pleasures of urban life while protected
from the harsh Minnesota weather.
56. When the author states in lines 7 and 8 that ―Southdale afforded people the
opportunity to experience the pleasures of urban life” she means that…
 A. they could perform necessary and leisurely activities in one location.
B. they could have a greater variety of retailers to choose from.
C. they could see more artwork and botanicals than they would in a city.
D. they could be entertained as they would be in a city.
E. they could have taller buildings in their landscape.

The Beowulf epic also reveals interesting aspects of the lives of the AngloSaxons who
lived in england at the time of the anonymous Beowulf poet. The Germanic tribes, including
the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, invaded england from about A.d. 450 to 600. By the
time of the Beowulf poet, AngloSaxon society in england was neither primitive nor
uncultured.
57. Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement
in the passage?
A. Society in Anglo-Saxon england was both advanced and cultured.
B. The society of the Anglo-Saxons was in between archaic and civilized.
C. The Anglo-Saxons had a society that was primitive, not cultured.
D. England during the Anglo-Saxon society was advanced, not cultured
E. Society in Anglo-Saxon england was both archaic and civilized.

―It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law
is,‖ stated Chief Justice John Marshall in a unanimous opinion in the 1803 Supreme Court
case of Marbury v. Madison. This landmark case established the doctrine of judicial review,
which gives
the court the authority to declare executive actions and laws invalid if they conflict with the
U.S. Constitution. The court‘s ruling on the constitutionality of a law is nearly final—it can
only be overcome by a constitutional amendment or by a new ruling of the court. Through the
power of judicial review, the court shapes the development of law, assures individual rights,
and maintains the Constitution as a ―living‖ document by applying its broad provisions to
complex new situations.
58. The image of the Constitution as a “living” document (line 8) means that
A. the supreme law of the land cannot be altered in any way.
B. it can only be amended through a difficult process.
 C. its principles need to be adapted to contemporary life.
D. the original document is fragile and needs to be preserved in
the Library of Congress so that it will not deteriorate.
E. it will die if it is interpreted by the court.

59. In line 4, declare most nearly means

A. narrate.
B. recite.
C. proclaim.
D. predict.
E. acknowledge.

Treasury Secretary Salmon P. Chase was equally supportive, but Montgomery Blair,
the Postmaster General, foresaw defeat in the fall elections. Attorney General Edward Bates,
a conservative, opposed civil and political equality for blacks but gave his qualified support.
Fortunately, President Lincoln only wanted the advice of his Cabinet on the style of the
Proclamation, not its substance. The course was set. The Cabinet meeting of September 22,
1862, resulted in the political and literary refinement of the July draft, and on January 1,
1863, Lincoln composed the final Emancipation Proclamation. It was the crowning
achievement of his administration.
60. In lines 3, qualified most nearly means
A. adept.
B. capable.
C. certified.
D. eligible.
E. limited.

In 1924, Magie approached George Parker (President of Parker Brothers) to see if he

was interested in purchasing the rights to her game. Parker turned her down, saying that it
was too political. The game increased in popularity, migrating north to New York state, west
to Michigan, and as far south as Texas. By the early 1930s, it reached Charles Darrow in
Philadelphia. In 1935, claiming to be the inventor, Darrow got a patent for the game, and
approached Parker Brothers. This time, the company loved it, swallowed Darrow‘s
prevarication, and not only purchased his patent, but paid him royalties for every game sold.
The game quickly became Parker Brothers‘ bestseller, and made the company, and Darrow,
millions of dollars.
When Parker Brothers found out that Darrow was not the true inventor of the game,
they wanted to protect their rights to the successful game, so they went back to Lizzie Magie,
now Mrs. Elizabeth Magie Phillips of Clarendon, Virginia. She agreed to a payment of $500
for her patent, with no royalties, so she could stay true to the original intent of her game‘s
invention. She therefore required in return that Parker Brothers manufacture and market The
Landlord‘s Game in addition to Monopoly. However, only a few hundred games were ever
produced. Monopoly went on to become the world‘s bestselling board game, with an
objective that is the exact opposite of the one Magie intended: ―The idea of the game is to
buy and rent or sell property so profitably that one becomes the wealthiest player and
eventually monopolist. The game is one of shrewd and amusing trading and excitement.‖
61. In paragraph 1, the author implies that
A. Parker Brothers bought the game from Charles Darrow.
B. it is not difficult to get a patent for an idea you didn‘t invent.
C. Monopoly made Parker Brothers and Darrow millions of dollars.
D. Lizzie Magie tried to sell her game to George Parker.
E. The Landlord‘s Game was popular with Quakers.

Climate change is changing our economy, health, and communities in diverse ways.
Scientists warn that if we do not aggressively curb climate change now, the results will likely
be disastrous.
Carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants are collecting in the atmosphere
like a thickening blanket, trapping the Sun‘s heat and causing the planet to warm up.
Although local temperatures fluctuate naturally, over the past 50 years the average
global temperature has increased at the fastest rate in recorded history. Scientists say that
unless we curb the emissions that cause climate change, average U.S. temperatures could be 3
to 9 degrees higher by the end of the century.
 Climate change is a complex phenomenon, and its full-scale impacts are hard to predict
far in advance. But each year scientists learn more about how climate change is affecting the
planet and our communities, and most agree that certain consequences are likely to occur if
current trends continue.
In addition to impacting our water resources, energy supply, transportation, agriculture,
and ecosystems, the United States Global Change Research Program concludes that climate
change also poses unique challenges to human health, for example, significant increases in
the risk of illness and death related to extreme heat and waves are very likely. Some diseases
transmitted by food, water, and insects are likely to increase. Certain groups, including
children, the alderfly, and the poor, are most vulnerable to a range of climate-related health
effects. These impacts will result in significant costs to our families and the economy.
Here is the good news: technologies exist today to make cars that run cleaner and burn
less gas, modernize power plants and generate electricity from nonpolluting sources, and cut
our electricity use through energy efficiency. The challenge is to be sure these solutions are
put to use.
Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) is tackling global warming on two main
fronts – cutting pollution and expanding clean energy. Transitioning to a clean energy
economy will bring new job and reduce air pollution. We cannot afford to wait.
62. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that...
A. Carbon dioxide and other blanket the atmosphere.
B. Carbon dioxide and other pollutants collect the sun‘s heat.
C. The sun‘s heat blankets the atmosphere.
D. Carbon dioxide and other pollutants warm up the atmosphere.
E. The atmosphere accumulates carbon dioxide and other pollutants.

The mounting conflict between the colonies and England in the 1760s and 1770s
reinforced a growing conviction that Americans should be less dependent on their mother
country for manufactures. Spinning bees and bounties encouraged the manufacture of
homespun cloth as a substitute for English imports. But manufacturing of cloth outside the
household was associated with relief of the poor. In Boston and Philadelphia, Houses of
Industry employed poor families at spinning for their daily bread.
 Such practices made many pre-Revolutionary Americans dubious about manufacturing.
After independence there were a number of unsuccessful attempts to establish textile
factories. Americans needed access to the British industrial innovations, but England had
passed laws forbidding the export of machinery or the emigration of those who could operate
it. Nevertheless it was an English immigrant, Samuel Slater, who finally introduced British
cotton technology to America.
Slater had worked his way up from apprentice to overseer in an English factory using
the Arkwright system. Drawn by American bounties for the introduction of textile
technology, he passed as a farmer and sailed for America with details of the Arkwright water
frame committed to memory. In December 1790, working for mill owner Moses Brown, he
started up the first permanent American cotton spinning mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
Employing a workforce of nine children between the ages of seven and twelve, Slater
successfully mechanized the carding and spinning processes.
63. The first paragraph (lines 1–6) of the passage implies that early
American manufacturing was
A. entirely beneficial.
B. politically and economically necessary.
C. symbolically undemocratic.
D. environmentally destructive.
E. spiritually corrosive.

64. Lines 17–19 imply that Slater viewed child labor as

A. an available workforce.
B. a necessary evil.
C. an unpleasant reality.
D. an immoral institution.
E. superior to adult labor.

Sleepiness after eating is a response of the body to chemical changes during the
digestion process. This is normal and it happens to everybody. However, if sleepiness occurs
every time after eating and obstructs your ability to function, this may be a concern.
Sleepiness after eating is caused by many factors, such as the type of food you consume,
messy sleeping habits, your health condition and so forth. The body requires energy to
function and this energy is obtained through food. Post-eating, the body releases hormones
such as amylin, glucagon and cholecystokinin. These hormones increase blood sugar levels,
creating a feeling of fullness and producing insulin that will be streamed through cell tissues
and provide energy for them. At the same time, the brain releases serotonin that causes
drowsiness.
Moreover, food also influences melatonin production in the brain. This is the hormone
that is responsible for sleepiness post-meal. Some foods that are rich in protein, such as meat,
poultry, eggs, fish, spinach, tofu, cheese and soybeans can trigger more drowsiness than
others. Additionally, foods containing carbohydrates also help produce serotonin and
tryptophan amino acids found in the brain. This is the reason why you feel sleepy after eating
carbohydrate-rich foods.
Overeating can also cause sleepiness. Post-meal, the body streams more blood to the
digestive system to better digest foods in massive amounts. This causes a temporary blood
and nutrients shortage in the brain. To prevent post-meal drowsiness, it‘s better to eat a
balanced diet containing vegetables, grains and good fats to provide continuous energy. Drink
lots of water and limit your sugar intake.
Bad sleeping patterns can also cause sleepiness after eating. After a meal, the body
feels full and relaxed, making the body feel like it is resting, resulting in a feeling of
sleepiness, particularly if you didn‘t get a good night‘s sleep the night before. To avoid this,
improve your sleeping habits to prevent stress. Engaging in regular physical exercise can help
you get a good night‘s sleep. It is recommended that you avoid napping if you are having
trouble sleeping at night.
65. It can be inferred from the passage that….
A. the finer you manage your sleep, the more lethargic you feel
B. the more fish you eat, the better it is for the brain
C. the less you eat carbohydrate-rich foods, the less you will feel drowsy
D. the less meat you eat, the more you will feel drowsy
E. the less you consume protein and carbohydrates, the better it is for the body
The recent global spread of a deadly coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China, has led world
leaders to invoke an ancient tradition to control the spread of illness: quarantine. The practice
is first recorded in the Old Testament where several verses mandate isolation for those with
leprosy. Ancient civilizations relied on isolating the sick, well before the actual microbial
causes of disease were known. In times when treatments for illnesses were rare and public
health measures few, physicians and lay leaders, beginning as early as the ancient Greeks,
turned to quarantine to contain a scourge.
In January, Chinese authorities attempted to lock down millions of residents of
Wuhan and the surrounding area, to try to keep the new coronavirus from spreading outward.
The country‘s neighbors are closing borders, airlines are canceling flights, and nations are
advising their citizens against traveling to China, a modern instance of the old impulse to
restrict people‘s movements in order to stop disease transmission. U.S. authorities are holding
travelers returning from China in isolation for two weeks as an effort to halt coronavirus‘
spread. Always at the center of the policy of quarantine is the tension between individual
civil liberties and the protection of the public at risk.
The meaning of quarantine has evolved from its original definition ―as the detention
and segregation of subjects suspected to carry contagious disease.‖ Now it represents a period
of isolation for persons or animals with a contagious disease – or who may have been
exposed but aren‘t yet sick. Although in thepast it may have been a self-imposed or voluntary
separation from society, in more recent timesquarantine has come to represent a compulsory
action enforced by health authorities.
Leprosy, mentioned in both Old and New testaments, is the first documented disease
for which quarantine was imposed. In the Middle Ages, leper colonies, administered by the
Catholic Church, sprung up throughout the world. Although the causative agent of leprosy –
the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae – was not discovered until 1873, its disfiguring and
incurable nature made civilizations wrongly believe it was easily spread. The plague of the
14th century gave rise to the modern concept of quarantine. The Black Death first appeared in
Europe in 1347. Over the course of four years, it would kill between 40 million and 50
million people in Europe and somewhere between 75 million and 200 million worldwide.
66. The passage mainly discusses how...
A. the coronaviruses spead throughout the country.
B. the quarantine method has been used form past to now.
 C. the first quarantine was documented.
D. the coronavirus was explained in the Old Testament.
E. How to protect our body from virus

A study by the University of Reading, University of Edinburgh, the Met Office and
several Chinese institutions, calculated that 30-day spells of deadly overnight heat, like the
one that killed and hospitalized many people in north-east China in 2018, have already gone
from being one-in-500-year events to one-in- 60-year events since pre-industrial times. They
also found that extreme daytime heat, as well as extreme rainfall, is due to become more
common in the country in the future as humans continue to emit greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere.
Dr. Buwen Dong, co-author and climate scientist at the University of Reading and
NCAS, said: ―People are already suffering from more frequent extreme heat in China, and
this will only get more common in the future due to climate change. ―It is particularly
concerning to see high night-time temperatures becoming a growing threat. This gives no
respite to people struggling to cope with searing daytime heat and can lead to deadly
heatstroke, particularly for vulnerable people. Better strategies for adapting and coping with
rising temperatures are vital to saving lives.‖ In two studies published by the American
Meteorological Society, scientists looked at how common such hot conditions in north-east
China and wet conditions in central-western China have become, and will become in the
future, due to human-induced climate change. They looked at almost 50 million daily
temperature records captured at 2,400 weather stations across China between 1961 and 2018,
along with data from other sources.
67. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Current health issues that China faces due to climate change.
B. Scientists found scorching conditions in north-east and damp conditions in central
western
C. The humans were the cause of the climate change
D. Climate change causes an important health emergencies.
E. Health emergencies situation in China
 Cuttlefish eat a wide range of food including crabs, fish, and squid, depending
on what is available. Despite such a generalized diet, they show strong food preferences. To
test this, the researchers tested twenty-nine cuttlefish five times a day, for five days, by
putting crab and shrimp at an equal distance from the cuttlefish at the same time and
watching what they ate first. All showed a preference for shrimp.
Animals must constantly adapt to changes in their environment to survive. Cuttlefish
hatch with a large central nervous system, which enables them to learn from a young age.
They are capable of remembering things that happened in the past and using this information
to adjust their behavior in anticipation of the future. Cuttlefish are a type of cephalopod. In
evolutionary terms, cephalopods and vertebrates diverged around 550 million years ago, yet
they are remarkably similar in the organization of their nervous systems.
―This flexible foraging strategy shows that cuttlefish can adapt quickly to changes in
their environment using previous experience,‖ said Professor Nicola Clayton in the
University of Cambridge‘s Department of Psychology, who led the study. ―This discovery
could provide valuable insight into the evolutionary origins of such complex cognitive
ability.‖
68. The passage mainly discusses how...
A. shrimp and crab are cuttlefish‘s favorite food.
B. cuttlefish are able to make decisions based on future expectation.
C. cuttlefish must adapt to change in environment quickly.
D. cuttlefish like to remember what they eat.
E. Animals must constantly adapt to changes in their environment to survive

Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of
perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead it presents the familiar in a new form.
Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at familiar conditions
from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful or affected. Satire jars
us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we
unquestioningly accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd, Brave New
World ridicules the pretensions of science, A Modest proposal dramatizes starvation by
advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspect before
Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley and people
were aware of famine before Swift. It was not the originality of the idea that made these
satires popular. It was the manner of expression the satiric method that made them interesting
and entertaining.
Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not
because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and
refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand
opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar
objects into incongruous juxtaposition and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract
platitude. Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a
refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they lived in a world of platitudinous
thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy.
69. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Reasons for the popularity of satire
B. New philosophies emerging from satiric literature
C. Popular topics of satire
D. Difficulties of writing satiric literature
E. Early satiric literature

The changing profile of a city in the United States is apparent in the shifting
definitions used by the United States Bureau of the Census. In 1870 the census officially
distinguished the nation's "urban" from its "rural" population for the first time. "Urban
population" was defined as persons living in towns of 8,000 inhabitants or more. But after
1900 it meant persons living in incorporated places having 2,500 or more inhabitants.
Then, in 1950 the Census Bureau radically changed its definition of "urban" to take
account of the new vagueness of city boundaries. In addition to persons living in incorporated
units of 2,500 or more, the census now included those who lived in unincorporated units of
that size, and also all persons living in the densely settled urban fringe, including both
incorporated and unincorporated areas located around cities of 50,000 inhabitants or more.
Each such unit, conceived as an integrated economic and social unit with a large population
nucleus, was named a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA).
Each SMSA would contain at least (a) one central city with 50,000 inhabitants
or more or (b) two cities having shared boundaries and constituting, for general economic and
social purposes, a single community with a combined population of at least 50,000, the
smaller of which must have a population of at least 15,000.

70. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. How cities in the United States began and developed.
B. Solutions to overcrowding in cities.
C. Population people in the cities.
D. How the United States Census Bureau conducts a census
E. The changing definition of an urban area.

Although it is called Central Park, New York City‘s great green space has no
―center‖—no formal walkway down the middle of the park, no central monument or body of
water, no single orienting feature. The paths wind, the landscape constantly shifts and
changes, the sections spill into one another in a seemingly random manner. But this
―decentering‖ was precisely the intent of the park‘s innovative design. Made to look as
natural as possible, Frederick Law Olmsted‘s 1858 plan for Central Park had as its main goal
the creation of a democratic playground— a place with many centers to reflect the
multiplicity of its uses and users. Olmsted designed the park to allow interaction among the
various members of society, without giving preference to one group or class. Thus, Olmsted‘s
ideal of a ―commonplace civilization‖ could be realized.
71. In lines 3–5, the author describes specific park features in order to
A. present both sides of an argument.
B. suggest the organization of the rest of the passage.
C. provide evidence that the park has no center.
D. demonstrate how large the park is.
E. show how well the author knows the park.

Good things are commonly divided into three classes: (1) external goods, (2) goods of
the soul, and (3) goods of the body. Of these, we call the goods pertaining to the soul goods
in the highest and fullest sense. But in speaking of ―soul,‖ we refer to our soul‘s actions and
activities. Thus, our definition [of good] tallies with this opinion which has been current for a
long time and to which philosophers subscribe. We are also right in defining the end as
consisting of actions and activities; for in this way the end is included among the goods of the
soul and not among external goods.
Also the view that a happy man lives well and fares well fits in with our definition: for
we have all but defined happiness as a kind of good life and well-being.
Moreover, the characteristics which one looks for in happiness are all included in our
definition. For some people think that happiness is a virtue, others that it is practical wisdom,
others that it is some kind of theoretical wisdom; others again believe it to be all or some of
these accompanied by, or not devoid of, pleasure; and some people also include external
prosperity in its definition.
72. In the last paragraph, the author‘s main purpose is to
A. show that different people have different definitions of happiness.
B. define virtue.
C. prove that his definition of happiness is valid.
D. explain the relationship between happiness and goodness.
E. provide guidelines for good behavior.

If you have ever made a list of pros and cons to help you make a decision, you have
used the utilitarian method of moral reasoning. One of the main ethical theories,
utilitarianism posits that the key to deciding what makes an act morally right or wrong is its
consequences. Whether our intentions are good or bad is irrelevant; what matters is whether
the result of our actions is good or bad. To utilitarians, happiness is the ultimate goal of
human beings and the highest moral good. Thus, if there is great unhappiness because of an
act, then that action can be said to be morally wrong. If, on the other hand, there is great
happiness because of an action, then that act can be said to be morally right.
Utilitarians believe that we should carefully weigh the potential consequences of an
action before we take it. Will the act lead to things that will make us, or others, happy? Will it
make us, or others, unhappy? According to utilitarians, we should choose to do that which
creates the greatest amount of good (happiness) for the greatest number of people. This can
be difficult to determine, though, because sometimes an act can create short-term happiness
but misery in the long term. Another problematic aspect of utilitarianism is that it deems it
acceptable—indeed, even necessary—to use another person as a means to an end and
sacrifice the happiness of one or a few for the happiness of many.
73. In lines 19–22, the author‘s purpose is to show that
A. using utilitarianism to make a moral decision is not always easy.
B. sacrifice is necessary in life.
C. long-term consequences are more important than short-term consequences.
D. a pro/con list is the most effective technique for making an important decision.
E. great good often comes at a great price.

The history of microbiology begins with a Dutch haberdasher named Antoni van
Leeuwenhoek, a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhoek,
inspired by the magnifying lenses used by drapers to examine cloth, assembled some of the
first microscopes. He developed a technique for grinding and polishing tiny, convex lenses,
some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times. After scraping some plaque from
between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhoek found tiny squirming
creatures, which he called ―animalcules.‖ His observations, which he reported to the Royal
Society of London, are among the first descriptions of living bacteria. Leeuwenhoek
discovered an entire universe invisible to the naked eye. He found more animalcules—
protozoa and bacteria—in samples of pond water, rain water, and human saliva. He gave the
first description of red corpuscles, observed plant tissue, examined muscle, and investigated
the life cycle of insects.
Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek‘s discovery of microbes aided French
chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his ―germ theory of disease.‖ This concept
suggested that disease derives from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. The
germ theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria,
polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy. In a 1716
letter, he described his contribution to science this way: ―My work, which I‘ve done for a
long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy, but chiefly from a craving
after knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men. And therewithal,
whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my
discovery on paper, so that all ingenious people might be informed thereof.‖
74. The author‘s attitude toward Leeuwenhoek‘s contribution to medicine is one of
 A. ecstatic reverence.
B. genuine admiration.
C. tepid approval.
D. courteous opposition.
E. antagonistic incredulity.

In west-central New York State there is a group of eleven long, narrow lakes known as
the Finger Lakes. These lakes have been aptly named because of their resemblance to the
fingers of a hand. Two of the largest of the Finger Lakes, Seneca and Cayuga, exemplify the
selection of the name : Seneca is 37 miles long and 4 miles across at its widest point, and
Cayuga is 40 miles long and 2 miles across. Although scientists are uncertain as to how these
lakes were formed, most believe that glacial Ice forged out the valleys to a depth well below
sea level, and with the melting of the glaciers the lakes were formed.
75. What is author‘s tone of this passage?
A. Informative
B. Accusatory
C. Humorous
D. Calculating
E. Cynical

Pattimura joined the British army after they took the Maluku islands from the Dutch
colonials. When the islands were returned to the Dutch in 1816, he was dismissed. Concerned
that the Dutch would implement programs that limited his people, Pattimura led an armed
rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede on 16 May 1817. Killing the inhabitants of the fortress
and fighting off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared the leader of the Maluku
people.
Due to betrayal from Booi's king, Pati Akoon, and Tuanakotta, Pattimura was arrested
on 11 November 1817. He and his fellows were sentenced to death. On 16 December 1817,
Pattimura together with Anthony Reebok, Philip Latumahina, and Said Perintah were hanged
in front of Fort Nieuw Victoria in Ambon.
76. The best restatement for the sentence ―Due to betrayal from Booi's king, Pati Akoon,
and Tuanakotta, Pattimura was arrested on 11 November 1817.‖ is….
A. Pattimura was captured on 11 November 1817 for King of Booi, Pati Akoon, and
Tuanakotta disagreed with him.
B. On 11 November 1817, King of Booi cooperated with the Dutch to execute Pattimura
and the other combatants.
C.Booi‘s king, Pati Akoon, and Tuanakotta arrested Pattimura on 11 November 1817
because he betrayed the Dutch.
D. The Dutch, with the help of King of Booi and his colleagues, managed to find
Pattimura on 11 November 1817.
E. King of booi together with Pati Akoon and Tuanakotta sold Pattimura out and made
him captured on 11 November 1817.

Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On
the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes. For
example, in science and mathematics education, scholars have documented that the use of
ICT can improve students‘ conceptual understanding, problem solving, and team working
skills. Consequently, most curriculum documents state the importance of ICT and encourage
school teachers to use them. However, teachers need to specifically trained in order to
integrate ICT in their teaching.
77. Which of the following best restates the sentence ―Over the last two decades, the use of
ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that
ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.‖ from previous passage?
A. Over the preceding two decades, studies have exposed that ICT can increase
teaching and learning outcomes.
B. Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in educational
method.
C. The use of ICT has been an insignificant topic in education. Also, studies have
shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.
D. Studies have shown that ICT can enrich teaching and learning end result
E. ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies indicate that ICT can
develop teaching and learning upshot.
 A study showed that a single artisanal coral reef fishery can produce over 30,000 meals
per year. Its annual economic value is more than $78,000. Ocean and coastal ecosystems
bring a range of benefits to people worldwide. They provide millions of people with food and
livelihoods. Global and local stressors, however, threaten these services. To better understand
the benefits from ocean environments, this study investigated how an artisanal fishery
supports a community. This study uses a community-based approach to assess the factors
affecting resource sustainability and food security in a small-scale coral reef fishery.
78. The sentence ‗Ocean and coastal ecosystems bring a range of benefits to people
worldwide.‘ in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ….
A. people in most countries benefit from marine business
B. oceans benefit the world with water as the main source of rainfalls
C. many people gain considerable advantages from marine ecosystems
D. explorations from coast to ocean should be done to gain the most benefit
E. those benefited by marine lives range from local people to people worldwide

Because they have the ability to evoke an emotional response in readers, political
cartoons can serve as a vehicle for swaying public opinion and can contribute to reform.
Thomas Nast (1840–1902), the preeminent political cartoonist of the second half of the
nineteenth century, demonstrated the power of his medium when he used his art to end the
corrupt Boss Tweed Ring in New York City. His images, first drawn for Harper’s Weekly,
are still in currency today: Nast created the tiger as the symbol of Tammany Hall, the
elephant for the Republican Party, and the donkey for the Democratic Party. Created under
tight deadlines for ephemeral, commercial formats like newspapers and magazines, cartoons
still manage to have lasting influence. Although they tackle the principal issues and leaders of
their day, they often provide a vivid historical picture for generations to come.
79. In line 2, vehicle most nearly means
A. automobile.
B. carrier.
C. tunnel.
D. outlet.
E. means.
 When Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white person in Montgomery,
Alabama, and was arrested in December 1955, she set off a train of events that generated a
momentum the civil rights movement had never before experienced. Local civil rights leaders
were hoping for such an opportunity to test the city‘s segregation laws. Deciding to boycott
the buses, the African-American community soon formed a new organization to supervise the
boycott, the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA). The young pastor of the Dexter
Avenue Baptist Church, Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., was chosen as the first MIA
leader.
80. In line 13, the word test most nearly means
A. analyze.
B. determine.
C. prove.
D. quiz.
E. challenge

The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the
person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat reactions usually occur when large amounts of
water and/or salt are lost through excessive sweating following strenuous exercise. When the
body becomes overheated and cannot eliminate this excess heat, heat exhaustion and heat
stroke are possible.
Heat exhaustion is generally characterized by clammy skin, fatigue, nausea, dizziness,
profuse perspiration, and sometimes fainting, resulting from an inadequate intake of water
and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie
down, raising the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the
victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour
period.
Heat stroke is much more serious; it is an immediate life-threatening situation. The
characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more);
a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating mechanism. Victims of this condition
may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be directed at quickly cooling the body.
The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or repeatedly sponged with cool water
until his or her
temperature is sufficiently droped. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling
process. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is
below 102° F.
81. The most immediate concern of a person tending to a victim of heat stroke should be to
A. Get salt into the victim‘s body.
B. Raise the victim‘s feet.
C. Lower the victim‘s pulse.
D. Lower the victim‘s temperature.
E. Raise the victim‘s internal heat
82. Which of the following is a symptom of heat exhaustion?
A. Unconsciousness
B. Profuse sweating
C. Hot, dry skin
D. A weak pulse
E. Over-chill
83. Heat stroke is more serious than heat exhaustion because heat stroke victims…
A. Sweat a lot.
B. Have no salt in their bodies.
C. Cannot take in water.
D. Have frequent fainting spells.
E. Do not sweat.
84. Symptoms such as nausea and dizziness in a heat exhaustion victim indicate that the
person most likely needs to
A. Be immediately taken to a hospital.
B. Be given more salt water.
C. Be immersed in a tub of water.
D. Sweat more.
E. Be immediately steamed by salt water.
Question 15 is based on the following passage!
 The kind of education that is offered in the high school system is not needed by all
people. After primary school, students have learned the basic skills required to work in an
untrained profession, and do not need the more advanced education that high school offers.
Sons or daughters frequently carry on the family business, and after completing their primary
education, any further, more advanced education is unnecessary, because they can learn all
they need to know about their future profession from their father/mother.
85. According to the writer advanced education is not essential for some students ..........
A. But it doesn't mean that all students do the same
B. Since they'll prefer a profession not requiring a special training
C. And these skills make students become successful individuals
D. As schools aren't the safest place in children's education
E. Since violence in our schools prevents them from learning necessary skills

Indonesia is the world‘s third-largest coffee producer and exporter, after Brazil and
Vietnam. National coffee output has grown over the past decades, albeit not in a linear
fashion as harvests fluctuate strongly from one year to another depending on the weather.
With per-capita coffee consumption on the rise both in Indonesia and the wider region, there
is obvious room for further growth, but there is also an obvious need for investment. The
capital required to take Indonesia‘s coffee industry to the next level presents appealing
prospects for investors, while the country‘s burgeoning coffee culture also brings
opportunities for foreign exporters.
Indonesia‘s tropical climate produces almost ideal conditions for planting coffee.
Today, most Indonesian coffee comes from Sumatra, but Sulawesi and Kalimantan, the
Lesser Sunda Islands of Bali, Sumbawa and Flores as well as the country‘s easternmost
region of Papua all contribute to national output. Robusta coffee makes up more than three
quarters of Indonesia‘s produce; the remainder is of the milder Arabica type. The numerous
coffee-growing regions in the country produce beans of distinct flavors and properties, and a
number of highland Arabica coffees from Indonesia are recognized by aficionados the world
over.
Indonesian coffee exports rose from 336,840 tonnes (or 5,614,000 60-KG bags) in crop
year 2000/2001 to 656,400 tonnes (10,940,000 bags) in 2012/2013, according to data collated
by the International Coffee Organization. Total production over the same period increased
from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes. At present, the principal destinations for Indonesian
coffee are the US, Japan and Western Europe (particularly Germany), but Indonesia is well
placed to capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region and in China.
86. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 in the passage?
A. The coffee export has decreased in several years
B. Total production deducted from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes
C. Indonesian coffee exports increased from 2000/2001 to 2012/2013
D. Indonesia is in a good site to take advantage of fast-rising demand in ASEAN
E. The US, Japan and Western Europe are the destination for Indonesian coffee

A.D 830: A storm sends an Indonesian trading ship drastically off course. Months later,
dozens of ragged survivors make landfall on an island off thesoutheast coast of Africa, more
than 3,000, miles from home. Today, Murray Cox, a computational biologist at New
Zealand's Massey University, says a scenario like this may describe the gloomy origins of the
first permanent settlements on Madagascar, home to about 22 million people today.
Genetic and linguistic studies suggest the island's native Malagasy people are mainly of
Indonesian descent. The idea of early Indonesians traveling 3,000 miles to the island
intrigued Cox. "It's a surprisingly long distance to come," he says. So he used computer
modeling to parse the clues, running through 40 million settlement simulations. Cox soon
pinpointed one that would explain the DNA patterns evident in Madagascar today.
Surprisingly, the current population descends primarily from just 30 or so Indonesian women
who arrived 12 centuries ago. His conclusion is supported by prior findings that about 30
percent of Malagasy have the same mitochondrial DNA, which is passed from mother to
child—far less diversity than in typical human populations, which share less than 2 percent.
"This suggests rapid, recent growth from a very small founder population," Cox says.
It is unclear how Madagascar's founding mothers (and the fathers who must have been
with them) arrived. Cox, proposes seafaring merchants thrown off course, or refugees fleeing
political strife; the latter could explain why woman, usually not found on trade ships, were on
board. Now, Cox plans to explore whether small founding groups are characteristics of other
early island settlements, including Hawaii. "There may be general rules for settling islands,"
he says.
(discovermagazine.com)
87. The passage implies that Indonesian settlers Madagascar most probably ....
A. migrated due to political reasons
B. were the first settlers on the island
C. traveled to the island on purpose
D. landed on the island by accident
E. found it hard to live on the island

The use of narcotics and illegal drugs does not merely have an impact on mental and
behavioral disorders. Even worse, drugs damage the heart and can lead to death. The effects
of drugs on the heart vary, ranging from mild, severe, to death.
There are three types of drugs that cause death in the heart muscle: cocaine,
amphetamines, and ecstasy. These three types of drug substances have a similar effect on the
heart. They cause an increase in the catecholamine hormone which makes the heart work
harder. The effect of consuming it is a sudden increase in blood pressure. As a result, the
heart muscles‘ demand for oxygen increases. The long-term effect of using this type of drug
can damage (tie walls of the blood vessels, both the arteries and coronary arteries. This
condition causes a tear in the blood vessel wall. In addition, damage to the heart muscle can
interfere with the heart‘s pumping function and cause heart rhythm disturbances. The heart
rates can become very fast and a cardiac arrest can happen.
Other groups of drugs that damage the heart are LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide) and
psilocybin, which causes hallucinations. The effect of these substances on the heart is an
increase in the heart rate and blood pressure though it is not as high as that caused by cocaine
or amphetamines. A rare but quite serious effect is a heart rhythm disorder in the form of
tachyarrhythmia where the heart rate increases very rapidly. The next prohibited substance is
morphine and its derivatives.
Besides LSD, there is morphine which is a strong antidote to pain, but excessive use of
this substance will lead to addiction. The higher the dose is consumed, the greater is the effect
in reducing the heart‘s performance. The fatal effects comprise, among others, shocks and
cardiac arrest. Another disorder found in morphine users is pulmonary edema, which is
submerged lungs that can be fatal. The last group is marijuana. In high doses, marijuana
causes a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate, which can lead to fatality. The most severe
condition due to marijuana are cardiac arrest and death.
88. Which conclusion is the most appropriate based on the passage?
A. The higher the dose of the drug consumed, the greater the impact on the heart‘s
health.
B. Taking small amounts of drugs under prescription is allowed for medical reasons
only.
C. The less drug is consumed, the healthier the condition of one‘s heart.
D. Illegal drugs of the LSD type have a fatal effect on the heart‘s health.
E. Not consuming drugs can maintain heart‘s optimum health.

On the other hand, stereotyping can create problem because it, researchers
suggest, may result in racial discrimination. In its most overt form, racial discrimination
occurs as we attribute the same negative characteristics to all members of a group, regardless
of individual differences. It is usually based on misconceptions, incomplete information
and/or false generalizations.
Researchers have found that stereotypes exist of different races, cultures, or ethnic
groups and racial stereotypes always seem to favor the race of the holder, and belittle the
others. In 1933, for example, Katz and Braly gave a list of 84 personality traits and asked
American university students to pick out five or six traits which they thought were typical of
each nationalities/ ethnic group. The result shows that there was considerable agreement in
the traits selected. White americans, for example, were seen as industrious, progressive, and
ambitious, while African Americans were seen lazy, ignorant, and musical.
In other research, Lowery examined just how readily people associate particular social
groups with certain kinds of feelings. In a subliminal word-association exercise, black
people‘s faces were more quickly associated with negative words, while white faces were
linked with postitive words.
Another research proves that even people who disavow prejudice can fall into racist
traps. Since negative stereotypes about various racial groups bombard us everyday in the
mass media , they deposit their residue deep into our minds. Even among the most well-
intentioned and consciously egalitarian people, nonconscious association about ethnic groups
still have an effect on behavior and attitudes.
89. It can be inferred from the text that what we should do is ...
1. To avoid the use of stereotype.
2. To be aware of the disadvantage of stereotyping.
3. Not to practice prejudice and racial discrimination.
4. To fall into racist trap.
5. To have further research on stereotyping.

After rising steadily for almost a century, standards of education in the public schools
of Europe and North America have levelled off, and in the opinion of many parents and
employers, are actually falling. More and more children are leaving school with little more
than basic knowledge of reading, writing, and arithmetic, and illiteracy is becoming a social
problem once again. With dropout rates of twenty-seven percent in high school and fifty
percent in colleges, the American education system is clearly in trouble; European dropout
rates, though lower than those of U.S., are rising too.
Various factors have been blamed for the apparent decline in educational standards.
Some people say that over-crowding and lack of discipline are major factors. Others maintain
that subjects like art and drama have been overemphasized at the expense of more practical
subjects. The negative influence of television is frequently mentioned as a reason for growing
illiteracy. Many teachers and principals, however, insist that the problem is not of falling
standards but of rising expectations on the part of parents and employers.
Whether or not standards in public schools are actually falling, many parents feel that
the only way to secure a good education for their children is to send them to private schools,
which generally have smaller classer and stricter discipline. The popularity of such schools is
going steadily, despite the high tuition fees. In the United States, for example, eleven percent
of all school children attend private schools; in France, over sixteen percent do so.
90. From the second paragraph, it can be inferred that ….
A. Many factors are involved in the decline in educational standards in the U.S. and
Europe.
B. Factors which cause the decline in educational standards in the U.S. and Europe are
debatable.
C. The decline in educational standards in the U.S. and Europe is mainly caused by
parents and employers.
D. School needs more practical subjects.
E. Many parents believe that send their children to private school is the right thing to get
a good education.