Department of Education

National Capital Region

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE

5 MARIKINA CITY

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1
USEFUL AND
HARMFUL MATERIALS

AURORA A. PAPA
ZENAIDA E. DELA CRUZ
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you understand the useful and harmful materials at home, in school and
in the community. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes your vocabulary
level. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using. The module is divided into three lessons:
 Lesson 1 – Materials found at home
 Lesson 2 – Useful and harmful materials at home, in school
and in the community
 Lesson 3 – Identify the properties of materials that determine their
uses and harmful effects

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Use the properties of materials whether they are useful or harmful (S5MT-
Ia-b-1)
Specifically, you are expected to:
1. classify the materials according to use in personal body care
products, cleaning agents, medicines, farm chemicals and
reagent foods.
2. identify and classify useful and harmful materials at home, in
school and in the community.

What I Know

1. Diabetes is a condition that impairs the body's ability to process blood

glucose, otherwise known as blood sugar. What safe ingredient can you
use as substitute for sugar?
A. food coloring C. natural sweetener
B. high-fructose corn syrup D. umami or vetsin
2. What is the best medicine to cure your body rashes due to insect bites?
A. anti-itch ointment
B. cough syrup
C. paracetamol
D. vapor rub

3. One morning, Lolo Berting went to his farm. He found out that his
vegetables are full of aphids. What should he used to kill them?
A. aspartame C. fertilizers
B. corn syrups D. insecticides

1
4. Which group of materials is used to clean your body?
A. bath soap, shampoo, toothpaste C. fabric conditioner, shampoo, soap
B. cough syrup, ointment, vapor rub D. fertilizer, food coloring, insecticide
5. Which material will you use to clean your hair?
A. bath soap C. fabric conditioner
B. dishwashing liquid D. shampoo
6. Reagents make foods last longer. Which food uses a reagent?
A. fried egg B. hotdog C. pork sinigang D. tinola
7. Plants need nutrients from the soil. Which nutrient helps improve the
quality of the soil that makes the plants grow?
A. fertilizer B. nitrogen C. phosphorous D. potassium
8. Which of the given materials can either be completely discarded or
can still be used at home?
A. broken glass C. expired medicine
B. damaged light bulb D. fruit peeling
9. Empty cans, bottles, old clothes, and spoiled foods are examples of
waste materials. Your parents/guardian told you to segregate them.
Which of the materials can you place in a biodegradable waste bin?
A. empty cans B. old shoes C. spoiled foods D. used bottles
10. Not all materials can cause hazard or damage to people and
environment. Which of these is a good example?
A. battery B. paint C. PET bottle D. varnish
11. In planting, we use chemical fertilizer to increase harvest. What is
its harmful effect to the environment when it is not properly used?
A. It destroys the plants. C. It gives more income to the farmers
B. It gives abundant harvest. D. It pollutes air, soil and water

12. What physical property does the gold have that allows it to be made
into JEWELRY like ring, pair of earring or necklace?
A. brittleness B. elasticity C. hardness D. malleability
13. Rubber bands are useful materials in securing things tightly because
they can be stretched and can go back to their original shape. What
property do rubber bands have?
A. elasticity B. hardness C. softness D. strength

14. Which of the given property makes a material to easily decompose?

A. biodegradability C. flammability
B. combustibility D. reactivity

15. Metals are ductile. Which characteristic do metals possess?

A. Metals are shiny. C. Metals are transparent.
B. Metals are strong. D. Metals have many colors.

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 LESSON
Materials Found at Home
1
There are lots of materials found in the environment. These
materials include personal care products, cleaning agents, medicines,
farm chemicals and reagent foods.

What’s In

Guess the word using the four pictures in each group as your clue.

F M A E P R NA A D

B Y C E CL N R

What’s New
A. Below are materials found in the environment. Study the pictures and
name them. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

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 What Is It
Materials Found at Home
Personal Body Care Products may include shampoo, eye care,
conditioner, body lotion, body spray, body wash, face care, skin care,
cosmetic item, bubble bath, and shower gel, bath beads, bar soap,
liquid soap, foot scrub, foot lotion, foot soak, or any combination of any
of the above. Cleaning agents or hard-surface cleaners are substances
used to remove dirt, including dust, stains, and bad smells on surfaces.
Medicines or drugs are fundamental components of both modern and
traditional medicine.

Farm chemicals are any substances involved in the growth or

utilization of any plant or animal of economic importance to humans.
The agricultural chemicals now in use include fertilizers, pesticides,
growth regulators, animal feed supplements and raw materials.
Reagent foods are food enhancers that help to process, preserve and
enhance the flavor, color, texture, etc. of the food. Both farm chemicals
and reagent foods must be used properly and in moderation to avoid
harmful effects to humans.

What’s More
A. Classify the following products. Write their names inside the
proper column. Write your answers on a sheet of paper.
antibiotic body wash glass cleaner shampo
o
bath soap cough syrup hair conditioner vapor
rub
bleach detergent soap muriatic acid vitamins
body ointment dishwashing liquid paracetamol

Personal Body Care Cleaning Agents Medicines

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 B. Classify the products inside the box as to farm chemicals or
reagent foods. Write your answers in the correct column. Do
this on a separate sheet of paper.

citric acid insecticides solvents

fertilizers pesticides starch solution
food color salt
fungicides sodium nitrite

Farm Chemicals Reagent Foods

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

What I Have Learned

It is very important that we know how to classify materials so
we can maximize their uses. In the box below are the list of materials,
group them according to their uses. Use a separate sheet of paper.

bleach cough syrup fertilizer insecticide toothpaste

body soap detergent food color paracetamol yeast

PERSONAL BODY
CARE CLEANING AGENTS MEDICINES
PRODUCTS

FARM CHEMICALS REAGENT FOODS

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 What I Can Do
Classify the following materials found in the environment according to
their uses. Write your answers in the specific box below. Do this on a
separate sheet of paper.

Medicines Cleaning Agents Personal Body Care

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 Assessment

Classify the use of each material. Put your answer in the correct column.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
body wash
antibiotic
fungicides
bath soap citric acid muriatic
glass
bleach acid
cleaner
body cough paracetamol
hair
ointment syrup food sodium
conditioner
color nitrite
insecticides

Personal Body Cleaning Farm

Medicines Reagent
Care Products Agents Chemicals Foods

Additional Activities

You need to take a bath every day. Why is it

important to use soap and water? Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

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LESSON Useful and Harmful Materials at
2 Home, in School and in the
Community

What’s In

A. Write a word or group of words that come into your mind when you see or
hear the word MATERIALS AT HOME. Give at least four and write your
answers on a separate sheet.

MATERIALS
AT HOME

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 What’s New

What materials were sold in the supermarket? Make a quick list of the
materials found in the sections for cooking, housekeeping, laundry, gardening, baking,
and sewing.
How can the materials in your list help you? The usefulness of a certain
material depends on its properties. Although there are some that are not meant to be
reused, creative and inventive people still find other ways to use them.
Write the uses of the following waste materials. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

Materials Uses of the Materials

1) banana peel
2) carton boxes
3) pencil shavings
4) old magazines
5) used plastic bottles

rotten fruits
food scraps Bleach gasoline
and
vegetables

Left-over foods, food scraps, rotten fruits and vegetables are examples
of safe waste materials. Household materials with warning signs such as
poison for bleach and flammable for gasoline are examples of harmful
materials.
Harmful waste materials cannot be dumped straight into a landfill.
These materials can be toxic or harmful to living things when not disposed
properly. Examples of toxic wastes include batteries, rubber tires and
paints.
Safe waste materials are not poisonous or toxic. Some of it can even
be reused or recycled. Examples of safe waste materials include paper,
clothing, plant parts and food. Paper and clothing can be recycled while
plant and food can easily be decomposed and can be used as source of
organic fertilizer.

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B. Identify what makes the following materials harmful. Use a separate sheet of
paper.
broken glass varnish

damaged light bulb defective stereo

What other materials in your home can you consider as harmful? Why
do you consider them as harmful materials?

What Is It

Materials are considered useful when they serve a purpose or even

beyond. Some useful materials can also be reused. Bottle is an example
that is made to contain any solid or liquid material. When they are already
empty, they can still be reused for other purposes – as a flower vase, a
coin bank, or a house decor.

1. expired 2. fruit 3. scratch 4. empty 5. broken

medicines peelings paper bottles glass

Look at the given pictures of the materials. Write them on the first column
then put a check ( ⁄ ) on the second column if you find the material useful.
Write (X) if you consider it harmful. Write your answers on a separate
sheet.

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 MATERIALS USEFUL OR
HARMFUL
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

What’s More
A. Write the uses of the following materials. Choose your answer from
the phrases inside the box. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
Example: 1. cooking oil – for frying food

1. cooking oil 2. vinegar 3. floor wax 4. pesticide

5. medicines 6. muriatic acid 7. computer 8. rubbing

alcohol

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 antiseptic for frying food for headache and fever
for making the floor shiny for flavoring for grease remover
for killing pests for researching

C. Explain how you should handle the following materials. Write 1-2
sentences on a separate sheet of paper.

1. knife
2. match

What I Have Learned

Let’s Investigate!
A. Make a list of the useful materials you see at home every day from the
moment you wake up to the time you go to bed.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
B. Refer to the list in activity A. Write the names of these materials in
their proper column:
For cooking For cleaning For eating For gardening

Guide Questions:
1. Are all the materials for cooking, cleaning, eating, and gardening useful?
2. Are these materials properly labeled and kept? Why?

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All materials at home, in school, and in the community are .
They can become harmful if .

What I Can Do
A. On a short bond paper, draw at least three (3) useful materials found at
home. Write 1-2 sentences about their uses. Color your drawing.

B. On a separate sheet of paper, draw at least three harmful materials found at

home. Write 1-2 sentences on how you can dispose them properly. Color your
drawing.

Assessment

Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect. Write

your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. I will read the product labels properly.
2. I will change the product from its original container.
3. I will store fertilizer separately from gasoline.
4. I will tell my parents/ guardian to keep the household
hazardous wastes (HHW) out of my reach and other children.
5. I will remind my parents/ guardian to separate cleaning
products like clorox, bleach, and muriatic acid.

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 Additional Activities

A. Draw five (5) useful materials which you can see at home. Do it on a separate sheet
of paper.

Lesson Identify Properties of Materials

3 that Determine their Uses and
Harmful Effects

Essential materials are useful because they are used for food,
cooking, cleaning purposes, eliminate harmful insects and for keeping
us healthy. Chemicals are very useful to people. We use them daily.
Soaps and detergents are good cleaning agents and antiseptics. They kill
germs and bacteria that can cause diseases.

What’s In

Can you list on your paper three (3) materials found at home? Can
you classify them whether useful or harmful?
USEFUL HARMFUL
1.
2.
3.

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 What’s New
Take a look at the pictures. Think of a word that describes the given
materials.
These are hazardous products that give warning to people to take extra
precaution.

What is the word? S N U S

What Is It

When do waste materials become useful?

Waste materials are considered useful when they served their
purpose. These materials may have properties such as durability,
resistance to water, heat or acid, flexibility, elasticity, and hardness.
Safe waste materials are not poisonous or toxic. Some of them
can even be reused or recycled. Examples of safe waste materials
include paper, clothing, plant parts and food. Paper and clothing can
be recycled while plant and food can easily be decomposed and can
be used as source of organic fertilizer.
On the other hand, harmful waste materials cannot be dumped
straight into landfills. These materials can be toxic or harmful to other
living things when not disposed or not handled properly.

Physical Properties of Matter refers to the characteristics of

matter that can be readily observed without changing their
composition.

A. Here are the physical properties of matter with their descriptions:

1. Brittleness - Not all hard materials are unbreakable.
There are solid materials that when subjected to high
stress or pressure, can crumble or break easily.
2. Conductivity – is the ability of a material to allow heat
and electricity to pass through it. Metals are good
conductors of heat and electricity.

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 3. Ductility - Some metals exhibit ductility or their ability
to be drawn into thin wires. That is why most of the
electrical wirings are made up of metals.
4. Elasticity – is the ability of material to be stretched
and return to its original shape. A rubber band is an
example of an elastic material.
5. Flexibility – is the ability of a material to be bent
without breaking. Flexible object like thin metal wire and
plastic string could be used for tying or binding object
and thing.
6. Hardness – is the ability of a material to be rigid and
resist pressure that may cause deformation or change
its shape. Hard materials like metals and woods can be
used to construct buildings, bridges, and other
structures.
7. Malleability – Golds can be hammered into flat sheets
until the desired shape of jewelry is obtained. This
property is called malleability. Silver, iron, and
aluminum are examples of malleable materials.
8. Porosity – Some materials such as paper and cloth can
absorb liquids well. Porous materials have plenty of
spaces inside where liquids can be absorbed.

Like physical properties, chemical properties also

help us determine the usefulness of materials.

Composition of Matter refers to the characteristic of

matter that undergo change and alters its composition.
Examples: alkali metals react with water and paper's
ability to burn.

B. Here are the composition of matter with their description:

1. Biodegradability - is the ability of a material to

decompose easily. Some materials can decompose or
decay through the actions of bacteria and other living
organisms.
2. Combustibility - is the ability of a material to burn,
while flammability is the ability of a material to ignite or
catch fire easily.

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 What’s More
Classify the listed materials as biodegradable or non-biodegradable. Write
your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.

WASTE
MATERIALS
1. fruit and vegetable peelings 4. plastic containers/ bottles
2. left-over foods 5. soft drinks can
3. pieces of paper

BIODEGRADABLE NON- BIODEGRADABLE

MATERIALS MATERIALS

What I Have Learned

Pick the words inside the box to complete the sentences below.

disposed served their purpose waste

harmful useful

I have learned that materials have different properties. These

materials are considered useful when they (1) . I have also learned
that some materials can be harmful when not (2) _ properly. It
is very important to identify the (3) materials from (4)
materials to stay safe. Also, everyone must be well-
informed on how to properly dispose and segregate the (5)
materials

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 What I Can Do
Some materials have harmful effects when used or disposed
improperly. What should be done to make sure you and your family are
free from harm brought about by its misuse.
Make a poster showing how materials should be taken care of. Do it
on a short bond paper.
Read and use the rubrics below as your guide in making the poster.
Category 5 points 3 points 1 point

Creativeness and Demonstrates Demonstrates Lacks

Innovativeness in creative moderate imaginative
caring and storing thinking. creative thinking.
materials based on Output has thinking. Output has no
their properties/ innovative and Output has innovative and
uses unique innovative and unique
concepts unique concepts concepts.
Concepts Concepts
Both concepts
presented are presented
presented and
Content and very substantive are
the messages
Organization and well- moderate
conveyed are not
organized. It and
well organized.
conveyed a very organized. It
clear message. conveyed
clear
message.

Assessment

A. Identify the physical and chemical properties of materials. Choose your

answer inside the box. Write on a separate sheet of paper.
biodegradability elasticity flexibility
ductility flammability malleability

1. It is the ability of a material to be drawn into thin wires.

2. It is the ability of a material to be bent without breaking.
3. It is a property of a material that can be hammered into thin
sheets.
4. It is the ability of a material to decompose easily.
5. It is the ability of a material to ignite or catch fire easily.

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 Additional Activities

List down at least five (5) examples in each column. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.

Biodegradable Wastes Non-Biodegradable Wastes

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

Posttest

Read each question carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Reagents make foods last longer. Which food uses a reagent?

A. fried egg B. hotdog C. pork sinigang D. tinola

2. Plants need nutrients from the soil. Which nutrient helps

improve the quality of the soil that makes the plants grow?
A. fertilizer B. nitrogen C. phosphorous D. potassium

3. Which of the given materials can either be completely discarded or

can still be used at home?
A. broken glass C. expired medicine
B. damaged light bulb D. fruit peeling

4. Empty cans, bottles, old clothes, and spoiled foods are examples of waste
materials. Your parents/ guardian told you to segregate them. Which of the
materials can you place in a biodegradable waste bin?
A. empty cans B. old shoes C. spoiled foods D. used bottles

5. Not all materials can cause hazard or damage to people and

environment. Which of these is a good example?
A. battery B. paint C. PET bottle D. varnish

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6. Diabetes is a condition that impairs the body's ability to process blood
glucose, otherwise known as blood sugar. What safe ingredient can you
use as substitute for sugar?
A. food coloring C. natural sweetener
B. high-fructose corn syrup D. umami or vetsin

7. What is the best medicine to cure your body rashes due to insect bites?
A. anti-itch ointment B. cough syrup C. paracetamol D. vapor rub

8. Lolo Tinoy went to his farm one morning and he found out that his
vegetables were full of aphids. What should he use to kill them?
A. aspartame C. fertilizers
B. corn syrups D. insecticides

9. Which group of materials are used to clean your body?

A. bath soap, shampoo, toothpaste C. fabric conditioner, shampoo, soap
B. cough syrup, ointment, vapor rub D. fertilizer, food coloring, insecticide

10. Which material will you use to clean your hair?

A. bath soap C. fabric conditioner
B. dishwashing liquid D. shampoo

11. In planting, farmers use chemical fertilizer to increase their harvest.

What is its harmful effect to the environment when it is not properly
used?
A. It destroys the plants. C. It gives more income to the farmers.
B. It gives abundant harvest. D. it pollutes air, soil and water.

12. What physical property does the gold have that allows it to be made
into JEWELRY like ring, earrings or necklace?
A. brittleness B. elasticity C. hardness D. malleability

13. Rubber bands are useful materials in securing things tightly because
they can be stretched and can go back to their original shape. What
property do rubber bands have?
A. elasticity B. hardness C. softness D. strength

14. Which property of the material has the ability to decompose easily?
A. biodegradability C. flammability
B. combustibility D. reactivity

15. Metals are ductile. Which of the following characteristics do metals possess?
A. Metals are shiny. C. Metals are transparent.
B. Metals are strong. D. Metals have many colors.

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 Answer Key

LESSON 1

What’s In What’s More 3. Medicines What I have Assessment

*cough syrup Learned 1. Personal Body Care
1. Flammable A. (In any order) *antibiotic * bath soap
1. Personal Body 1. Personal Body body ointment
2. Personal Body Care * paracetamol Care *body body wash
Care Products *bath soap * vitamins soap hair conditioner
*shampoo 2. Cleaning 2. Cleaning Agents
3. Acid Cleaners *body ointment B. Agents *bleach *bleach
1. Food reagents glass cleaner
What’s New *hair conditioner  citric acid 3. Medicines muriatic acid
medicine *vapor rub  sodium nitrite *paracetamol 3. Medicines
toothpaste *body wash  food color * cough syrup
disinfectant  solvents 4. Food reagents paracetamol
detergent 2. Cleaning  starch solution *food color 4. Food reagents * citric acid
muriatic acid Agents  salt 5. Farm food color
acid cleaner chemicals sodium nitrite
*dish washing *fertilizers 5. Farm chemicals *fertilizers
2. Farm
liquid fungicides
chemicals
*detergent soap What I Can Do insecticides
 insecticide
*glass cleaner Answers may vary Additional Activities
*bleach  fertilizers
Medicine Similar answers may be accepted
*muriatic acid  fungicides
medicine/antibioti It is important to use soap and
 pesticides c water in taking a bath because it
Cleaning Agents is the best way to reduce or
detergent powder eliminate dirt and germs in our
bleach body.
surface cleaner
bleaching Agent
acid cleaner
Personal Body
Care
toothpaste
styling gel

LESSON 2

What’s In B. What’s More Assessment

Answers may vary
What’s New
A.
1) banana peel- as
fertilizer to plants
2)carton boxes-can be
recycled
used plastic bottles-
can be recycled
3) pencil shavings-as
fertilizer to plants
4) old magazines-can
be recycled
5) used plastic bottles-
can be recycled
broken glass- it cuts your skin 1) Cooking oil- for frying food 1) True
2) Vinegar- for flavoring 2) False
varnish – poisonous to living 3) Floor wax- for making the floor
3) True
things shiny
4) True
damaged light bulbs – 4) Pesticide-for killing pests 5) True
poisonous to living things 5) Medicine- for headache and
fever
defective stereo – the 6) Muriatic acid- for grease
electronics inside is poisonous remover
7) Computer- for researching
What’s It 8) Rubbing alcohol- antiseptic
MATERIALS USEFUL OR
HARMFUL B.1. knife – I will use it with the
1.expired medicines X assistance of adult.
2.fruit peelings /
3.scratch paper / 2. match- I will use it with the
4.empty bottles / assistance of adult.
5.Broken glass X

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 What I have Learned

Answers may vary.

Conclusion

Useful

They are not handled properly

What I Can Do

Answers may vary

Additional Activities

Answers may vary

LESSON 3

What’s In What I have Learned: Assessment

Answers may vary 1. served their purpose 1. Ductility

What’s New: 2. disposed 2. malleability

POISONOUS
3. useful 3. flexibility
What’s More:
Biodegradable: left-over 4. harmful 4. biodegradability
foods, piece of paper, 5. waste 5. flammability
fruits and vegetable
peelings What I Can Do Additional Activities

Non-Biodegradable: Answers may vary Answers may vary

plastic
container/bottles, soft
drinks can

References

 https://www.slideshare.net/ShirleyValera/2materials-found-at-home-
according-to-their-usesppt2nd
 http://www.hspp.ca/environment/envirosound/Envirosound12-04.pdf
 https://www.scribd.com/doc/314758043/GRADE-5-SCIENCE-Lesson-Plan-
Compilation-docx
 https://www.slideshare.net/joansherbie/science-5-grade-5-1st-quarter-week-1
 https://www.scribd.com/doc/314758043/GRADE-5-SCIENCE-Lesson-Plan-
Compilation-docx
 https://www.theschoolrun.com/what-are-materials

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 Development Team of the Module

Writers: Aurora A. Papa

Zenaida E. Dela Cruz

Content Editors: Maritoni B. Cabacungan

Jessica S. Mateo

Marilyn T. Cortez
Language Editor: Clodee E. Bagcal
Reviewers: External Validators – PNU
Illustrator/Layout Artist: Dinnes A. Masubay
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Jessica S. Mateo
EPS-Science

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office - Marikina City

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

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