MATRICES

OUTLINE

 Introduction to Matrices

 Definition
 Notation
 Types of Matrices

 Matrix Operations

 Addition
 Subtraction
 Scalar Multiplication
 Matrix Multiplication

 Special Types of Matrices

 Zero Matrix
 Identity Matrix
 Diagonal Matrix
 Transpose of a Matrix

 Determinants and Inverses

 Determinant of a Matrix
 Properties of Determinants
 Inverse of a Matrix
 Properties of Inverses

 Applications of Matrices

 Solving Systems of Linear Equations

 Transformations in Geometry
 Computer Graphics
Matrices
- a set of numbers arranged in rows and columns so as to form a rectangular array.
The numbers are called the elements, or entries, of the matrix. Matrices have wide
applications in engineering, physics, economics, and statistics as well as in various
branches of mathematics.

Notation
A matrix is typically denoted by a capital letter (e.g., 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶), and its elements are
usually denoted by lowercase letters with two subscripts. For example, 𝐴 𝑖 𝑗 A ij
represents the element in the 𝑖 i-th row and 𝑗 j-th column of matrix 𝐴 A.

Example of a matrix:

[ ]
1 2 3
A= 4 5 6 This is a 3x3 matrix (3 rows and 3 columns).
7 8 9

Types of Matrices:
Row Matrix: A matrix with a single row

[ 1 2 3]
Column Matrix: A matrix with a single column.

[]
1
2
3

Square Matrix: A matrix with the same number of rows and columns.

[ 13 24]
Matrix Operations
To add two matrices, they must be of the same dimensions. Add corresponding
elements.