Arithmetic Mean

Simple Combined Weighted

Arithmetic Arithmetic Arithmetic
Mean Mean Mean

Individual Series Discrete Series Continuous Series

• Direct Method • Direct Method
• Direct Method
• Shortcut Method • Shortcut Method
• Shortcut Method
• Step-Deviation
Method

Individual Series Discrete Series Continuous Series

∑𝑥 ∑𝑓 × 𝑥 ∑𝑓 × 𝑚
Direct Method 𝑥̅ = 𝑥̅ = 𝑥̅ =
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁

Short Cut 𝐴 + ∑𝑑 𝐴 +∑𝑓 × 𝑑 𝐴 +∑𝑓 × 𝑑

𝑥̅ = 𝑥̅ = 𝑥̅ =
Method 𝑁 𝑁 𝑁

Step Deviation 𝐴 +∑𝑓 × 𝑑

--- --- 𝑥̅ = ×𝑖
Method 𝑁
Where:

𝑁 = ∑𝑓 × 𝑥

𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 + 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟
𝑚 = 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 = ( )
2

Combined Arithmetic Mean

𝑁1 ∙ ̅̅̅
𝑥1 + 𝑁2 ∙ ̅̅̅
𝑥2 𝑁1 ∙ ̅̅̅
𝑥1 + 𝑁2 ∙ ̅̅̅
𝑥2 + 𝑁3 ∙ ̅̅̅
𝑥3
𝑥1 2 =
̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑥1 2 3 =
̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑁1 + 𝑁2 𝑁1 + 𝑁2 + 𝑁3

Where:

𝑁𝑖 = 𝑁𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠

Weighted Arithmetic Mean

∑𝑤 ∙ 𝑥
̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑤 =
∑𝑤
Question Type
❖ Formula Based Direct Questions
❖ Cumulative Frequency Series
o Less than o More Than
▪ Unequal Class Intervals
❖ To Find Missing Values and Frequency
❖ Correcting Incorrect Values of Mean
Media Formulas
For Individual
1. Odd Number of Elements:
𝑁+1
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 =
2
Where:

𝑁 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠

2. Even Number of Elements:

𝑁 𝑁+1
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 ( 𝑎𝑛𝑑 )
2 2
For Continuous Series
𝑁
( 2 − 𝑐𝑓)
𝑀 = 𝑙1 + ×𝑖
𝑓

Mode:
Continuous Series:

𝑓1 − 𝑓0
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 𝑙1 + ×𝑖
2 × 𝑓1 − 𝑓0 − 𝑓2
Where:

𝑙1 = 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑓1 = 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑓0 = 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑓2 = 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑖 = 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 − 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠

Mean == Average, Median == Middle most Value, Mode == Highest Frequency

Mode:
Continuous Series:
 𝑓1 − 𝑓0
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 𝑙1 + ×𝑖
2 × 𝑓1 − 𝑓0 − 𝑓2
Where:

𝑙1 = 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑓1 = 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑓0 = 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑓2 = 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑖 = 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 − 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠

Relationship of Mean Median and Mode

𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 3 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 − 2 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛

Harmonic Mean:
Individual Series: Discrete Series: Continuous Series:
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁
𝐻. 𝑀 = 𝐻. 𝑀 = 𝐻. 𝑀 =
1 𝑓 𝑓
∑ ∑ ∑
𝑥 𝑥 𝑚

Weighted Arithmetic Mean:

∑𝑤
𝐻. 𝑀 = 𝑤
∑
𝑥

Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles – Individual Series

Quartiles: Deciles: Percentiles:
𝑁+1 𝑁+1 𝑁+1
𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑛 𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑄𝑛 ( ) 𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑛 𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑛 ( ) 𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑛 𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑛 ( ) 𝑡ℎ
4 10 100
1 to 3 possibilities 1 to 9 possibilities 1 to 99 possibilities

Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles – Discrete Series

Same Formula as Individual Series Just need to make a CF Column and use the CF as the Finding point

Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles – Continuous Series

Quartiles: Deciles: Percentiles:
𝑥×𝑁 𝑥×𝑁 𝑥×𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓 − 𝑐𝑓 − 𝑐𝑓
size of 𝑄𝑥 [𝑙1 + 4 × 𝑖] th size of 𝑄𝑥 [𝑙1 + 10 × 𝑖] th size of 𝑄𝑥 [𝑙1 + 100 × 𝑖] th
𝑓 𝑓 𝑓

1 to 3 possibilities 1 to 9 possibilities 1 to 99 possibilities

Measure of Dispersion
Range:
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝐿𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝐿𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 =
𝐿𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 + 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

Standard Deviation –
Individual Series:

∑(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
𝑆. 𝐷 𝑜𝑟 𝜎 = √
𝑁
𝑆. 𝐷.
𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆. 𝐷. =
𝑥̅
𝑆. 𝐷.
𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = × 100
𝑥̅
2
∑ 𝑑2 ∑𝑑
𝐼𝑓 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑆. 𝐷. = √ −( )
𝑁 𝑁
𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑆𝐷2

Discrete Series:

∑ 𝑓 × (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
𝑆. 𝐷 𝑜𝑟 𝜎 = √
𝑁
2
∑ 𝑓 × 𝑑2 ∑𝑓 × 𝑑
𝐼𝑓 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑆. 𝐷. = √ −( )
𝑁 𝑁