MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

MARINE MACHINERY AND SYSTEM LABORATORY

Dept. of Marine Engineering

Faculty of Marine Technology
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Surabaya 2022
 MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

BILGE and BALLAST SYSTEM

Dept. of Marine Engineering - ITS

Bilge system
MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

The bilge main is arranged to drain any watertight compartment

other than ballast tanks, oil or water tanks and to discharge the
contents to overboard.

The number of pumps and their capacity depend upon the size,
type and service of the ship.

When there is a leak in the the ship, which occurs because of

the collision, grounding, fire, etc.

Bilge system is one of the safety systems.

MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN
 MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

Bilge system

Clean Bilge Oily Water

System System

- Cargo hold
- Void under WL - Engine room
- Double side - Pump room

SOLAS Chapt II-1, Reg 35-1

Merchant ships and Passenger ships

 MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

• Bilge system components:

1. Bilge well à location and volume
2. Main pipe à location and size
3. Branch pipe à location and size
4. Bilge pump à Quantity, capacity, head
5. Valves à location and size
6. Overboard à location
 MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

1. Bilge well
Bilge wells are to be formed of steel plates and are to be not
less than 0,15 m3 capacity.
(LR Rules 2006 part 5 chapter 13 section 7)
 MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

2. Main Pipe
The diameter of the main bilge line is not less than required by
the following formula.
(LR Rules 2006 part 5 chapter 13 section 5)
 MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

3. Branch Pipe
The diameter of branch pipe to cargo and spaces is to be not
less than required by the folllowing formula.
(LR Rules 2006 part 5 chapter 13 section 5)
 MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

4. Bilge Pump
For ships other than passenger ships, at least 2 power bilge
pumping units are to be provided in the machinery space.
The capacity of each bilge pumping unit or bilge pump is to be
not less than required by the following formula:
(LR Rules 2006 part 5 chapter 13 section 6)
 MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

Head Pump:
H : Hs + Hp + Hv + total Head-loss

Hs : static head
Hp : pressure head
Hv : velocity head
Head loss : Major Head Loss + Minor Head Loss
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5. Valves
Where non-return valve are fitted on the open ends of bilge
suction pipe in cargo holds in order to decrease the risk of
flooding, they are to be of an approved type which does not
offer undue obstruction to the flow of water.
(LR Rules 2006 part 5 chapter 13 section 7)
 MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

6. Overboard
- To discharge water
- The location in starboard and portside
- Above water line (T+0,75 from baseline)
Bilge – oily water separator
MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

• OWS – oily water separator

To seperated water and oil in engine room, before discharged to
the sea.
Bilge – oily water separator
MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN
 MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

Bilge Bilge Holding

Oily Bilge
Suction Tank OWS Pump OWS
Pump
(in E/R)

IF FULL
Sludge Tank

<15 ppm
O/B OCM Water
oil content
 MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

• OWS components:
1. Oily bilge pump
2. OWS unit
3. Oil content monitor
4. Holding tank
(Annex I MARPOL 73/78: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil)
5. Sludge tank
(Annex I MARPOL 73/78 chapter II Regulation 17)
6. Shore connection
Ballast system
MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

The ballast system is arranged to ensure that water can be drawn

from any tank or the sea and discharged to any other tank or the sea
as required to trim the vessel.

The number of pumps and their capacity depend upon the size, type
and service of the ship.

Ballast used during loading and unloading of cargo due to changes in

weight of the ship.

To keep draft position for safe maneuver (keep the center of gravity
on safe position by filling-in seawater in ballast tank) à ballasting and
de-ballasting.
MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN
 MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

• Ballast system components:

1. Sea chest
2. Ballast pump
3. Ballast main pipe
4. Ballast tanks
5. Valves
6. Overboard
 MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

1. Sea chest
Sea chests are holes in ship hull, its the location is under
waterline. The function is to supply sea water in ship.

Volume of sea chest : 1 m3 = 1000 HP of main engine

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2. Ballast pump
Before calculated capacity of ballast pump, must be planned
time to loading or unloading water ballast from ballast tank.

Q = Volume ballast tank / time to loading or unloading

Minimal 2 pumps.
 MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

Head Pump:
H : Hs + Hp + Hv + total Head-loss

Hs : static head
Hp : pressure head
Hv : velocity head
Head loss : Major Head Loss + Minor Head Loss
 MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

3. Ballast pipe
The material of ballast pipe must galvanized steel. The thickness
based on clasification society.

v = 2 – 3 m/s
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4. Ballast tank
Ballast tanks are tank for sea water ballast and location in
double bottom, fore peak, after peak, or wing tank.
Its volume between 10-15% volume of displacment.
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5. Valves
As regulators that directs and control the flow of fluid. Valve in
ballast system are butterfly valve, gate valve, non-return valve.
 MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN
6. Overboard
- To discharge water
- The location in starboard and portside
- Above water line (T+0,75 from baseline)
Ballast water treatment
MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

• Ballast water treatment: (IMO convention)

1. Chemical treatment
2. UV treatment
3. Heating treatment

The function BWT à to sterilization

THANK YOU