Chemistry

Chemical reaction and equation

Theory
1. What is chemical reaction?
Ans:- A chemical reaction is a process in which the original substance loses its nature and identity and forms new
substance with different properties. In other words breaking of the chemical bonds and formation of the new chemical
bonds is responsible for the occurrence of chemical reaction.

2. Define reactant and product in a chemical reaction

Ans:- The substances which take part in a chemical reaction are called reactants. It is present in LHS of the equation. The
new substances produced as a result of a chemical reaction are called products. It is present in the RHS of the equation.

3. Define Chemical equation and word equation with examples

Ans:- Chemical equation : A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of
symbols and formula. It is a way to represent the chemical reaction in a concise and informative way.
Word equation : A word equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of word formula.

4. How does chemical equation looks ?

Ans:-
• The symbols of elements and the formulae of reacting substances (reactants) are written on the left hand side of
the equation, with a plus (+) sign between them.
• The symbols and formulae of the substances formed (products) are written on the right hand side of the equation,
with a plus sign (+) between them.
• An arrow sign (→) is put between the reactants and the products.
• The physical states of the reactants and products are also mentioned in a chemical equation.

5. Define Skeletal equation with examples

Ans:- Skeletal equation occurs when the total number of atoms of each element on the reactant side is not equal to the
total number of atoms of the same element on the product side.

6. Define balanced equation with examples

Ans:- The equation in which atoms of various elements on both sides ( i.e reactants and product sides ) of a chemical
reaction are equal in accordance with the law of conservation of mass is called balanced chemical equation.

7. What are the types of reaction ?

An:- Combination, Decomposition, Displacement, Double-displacement.

8. State the Combination reaction with examples

An:- A chemical reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product is called combination
reaction.
9. State the decomposition reaction with examples
Ans:- A chemical reaction in which a single reactant decomposes into simpler products is called decomposition reaction.

10. What are the types of decomposition reaction

Ans:- Thermal, Electrolytic, Photolytic decomposition

11. State the type of thermal decomposition with examples

Ans:- A chemical reaction in which the decomposition reaction occurs by applying heat is called thermal decomposition
reaction.

12. State the type of electrolytic decomposition with examples

Ans:- A chemical reaction in which the decomposition reaction occurs by applying electricity is called electrolytic
decomposition reaction.

13. State the type of photolytic decomposition with examples

Ans:-A chemical reaction in which the decomposition reaction occurs in the presence of light is called photolytic
decomposition reaction.

14. State the displacement reaction with examples

Ans:- A chemical reaction in which the reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its salt solution is called
displacement reaction.

15. State the double displacement reaction with examples

Ans:- A chemical reaction in which two compounds ( reactants ) exchange their ions to form a two new compounds
( product ) are called double displacement reaction.

16. State endothermic reaction with examples

Ans:- A chemical reaction in which heat is absorbed from any agent is called endothermic reaction.

17. State exothermic reaction with examples

Ans:- A chemical reaction in which the heat is given out along with the product is called exothermic reaction.

18. State the precipitation reaction with examples

Ans:- A precipitation reaction is a type of reaction generally takes place in the aqueous medium when two reactants
having different salts react together to form an insoluble solid commonly known as a precipitate. This reaction is a result
of double displacement reaction.
19. State the term oxidation with examples
Ans:- Oxidation is a process which involves gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen or loss of electron.

20. State the term reduction with examples

Ans:- Reduction is a process which involves gain of hydrogen or loss of oxygen or gain of electron.

21. State the term redox reaction with examples

Ans:- Redox reaction is a process in which oxidation and reduction occurs simultaneously in a reaction.

22. State the term oxidising agent

Ans:- Oxidising agent is a substance which oxidises other substances and reduces itself.

23. State the term reducing agent

Ans:- Reducing agent is a substance which reduces other substances and oxidises itself.

24. State the corrosion process

Ans:- The process of slowly corroding up the metals due to the attack of atmospheric gases such as oxygen, carbon-
dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, water vapour etc, on the surface of the metals so as to convert the metal into oxide, sulphide,
carbonate etc is known as corrosion.

25. State the methods to prevent corrosion

Ans:- Painting, Oiling and greasing, Plastic coating, Chromium plating, Galvanising(zinc metal), Alloying.

26. State the term rancidity

Ans:- The oxidation of oils and fats in a food resulting into a bad taste and odour is called rancidity.

27. State the methods to prevent rancidity

Ans:- By adding anti-oxidants, Vacuum packing, Replacing air by Nitrogen, Refrigeration of food stuff.

28. State the hit and trial method to balance the skeletal equation.
Ans:- In this method, the coefficient before the formula or symbols of the reactants and products are adjusted in such a
way that the total number of atoms of each element only on both sides becomes equal satisfying the law of conservation
of mass.

29. What is an aqueous solution in a chemical reaction ?

Ans:- A solution which stays as a part of reactant or product in water is called aqueous solution.

30. What are the symbols used in chemical reaction ?

Ans:-

• Solid : ( S )
• Liquid : ( l )
• Gas : ( g )
• Aqueous : ( aq )
• Pressure : ( atm )
• Catalyst : ( x )
• Heat : ( Δ )
• Sunlight : sunlight
• Electricity :
• Gas liberation : ↑
• Precipitation : ↓

31. Give examples for the following :

Change in colour :

Change in state :

Formation of precipitation :

Gas liberation :

32. What are the conditions which influence the chemical reaction to occur ?
Ans:-
• Heat

• Light

• Catalyst

• Gas liberation

• Precipitation

• physical change

33. What are catalyst ?

Ans:- Any substance which increases the rate of reaction without being consumed by itself is called Catalyst.