TRAINING/WORKSHOP ON

G E OME TR IC D E SIG N OF INTE R SE C TIONS

1. DEFINITION 1/3
F O R D P W H H I G H WAY E N G I N E E R S

An INTERSECTION is
Design of defined as the general

AT-GRADE INTERSECTION
area where two or more
highways join or cross,
including the roadway and
roadside facilities for traffic
GEOMETRY - ROAD SIGNS - PAVEMENT MARKINGS movements within the
area.
ENGR. RAMMEL F. MISTICA, MSCE

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1. DEFINITION 2/3 1. DEFINITION 3/3

The functional area on the approach to
an intersection or driveway consists of
An intersection includes the Physical Functional three basic elements:
areas needed for all modes Area Area 1. Perception-reaction decision
of travel: pedestrian, bicycle, distance
passenger vehicle, truck, and 2. Maneuver distance
transit. 3. Queue-storage distance
◦ roadway pavement
◦ median islands
◦ auxiliary lanes/
channelizations
◦ pedestrian ramps/
sidewalks

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1.1 WHY FOCUS ON INTERSECTIONS? 1/2 1.1 WHY FOCUS ON INTERSECTIONS? 2/2
MOBILITY Traffic congestion occurs due to road
SAFETY
bottlenecks/chokepoints

Majority of fatal
road crashes in a
road network occur
Lower downstream at intersections
capacity (road side
friction, etc.)
Traffic
congestion
Intersections normally occurs
Merging
sections
at intersections *TMG, 2002 (Fundamentals of Traffic Engineering, Sigua)

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 2. Types of Intersections
Infeasible region
Control type

Minor street two-way volume (veh/h)

Minor flow >
Major flow
Two-way Stop Control (TWSC) SIG
Signalized
All-way Stop Control (AWSC) AWSC
AWSC
Signalized intersection
Interchange

Types of Intersections Roundabout TWSC

TWSC

Number of legs
Major street two-way volume (veh/h)
Three-leg intersection Highway Capacity Manual
Ideal number of legs
Four-leg intersection

(N)-leg intersection

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2.1 Types of Intersections-Control Type 1/5 2.1 Types of Intersections-Control Type 2/5
Two-Way Stop Control (TWSC) All-Way Stop Control (AWSC)
Minor Road

STOP STOP
STOP

Major Road STOP STOP Vehicle on the right

STOP
Vehicle on the has the priority
MINOR ROAD shall
YIELD/STOP
Right-hand Rule Closer to the Conflict
Point
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2.1 Types of Intersections-Control Type 3/5 2.1 Types of Intersections-Control Type 4/5
Signalized intersection Interchange/ Grade-
Movements are Separation
separated by TIME

Movements are separated by SPACE

Green
eliminates crossing
indication conflicts at intersections by Flyover or
has the Right-
Of-Way to vertical separation of underpass
cross the roadways in space.
intersection
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 2.1 Types of Intersections-Control Type 5/5 2.2 Types of Intersections-Number of legs 1/3
Roundabout Three-Legged Intersection

A roundabout is an
intersection with a
central island around
which traffic must
travel counter
clockwise and in
which entering traffic
must yield to Unchannelized Channelized
circulating traffic.

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2.2 Types of Intersections-Number of legs 2/3 2.2 Types of Intersections-Number of legs 3/3
Four-Legged Intersection Multi-Legged Intersection

Unchannelized Channelized

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3. Traffic Conflicts at Intersection 1/3

3-Leg Intersection

Traffic Conflicts at Intersection

3 Crossing Conflicts
3 Merging Conflicts
3 Diverging Conflicts

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3. Traffic Conflicts at Intersection 2/3 3. Traffic Conflicts at Intersection 3/3
4-Leg Intersection 4-leg roundabout

16 Crossing Conflicts 4 Diverging Conflicts

8 Merging Conflicts 4 Merging Conflicts
8 Diverging Conflicts

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3.1 Traffic Conflicts at Intersection 1/2 3.1 Traffic Conflicts at Intersection 2/2
Permitting all traffic movements, Permitting all traffic movements,
fatal
a 5-leg intersection has at least a 6-leg intersection has at least injury
ROAD CRASH
79 conflict points. 172 conflict points. Property Damage Only

TRAFFIC Traffic Conflict shall

As the number of intersection leg increases, number of CONFLICT be addressed before a
(near misses) road crash occurs
conflict points exponentially increases
UNDISTURBED
CONFLICT POINTS are
In need of TRAFFIC PASSAGES
the locations where
MANAGEMENT to avoid
potential ROAD CRASH
COLLISION TRAFFIC SAFETY PYRAMID
incidents may occur
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4.0 Basic Elements of Intersection Design

Elements of Road Safety at Intersection

Road Signs
Visibility
THANK YOU!
Channelization
and Markings

Facilities for
Auxiliary Intersection
Vulnerable
Lanes Control
Road User

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