Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer (CHE 354)

June 2023
Tutorial 1 (Evaporators)
Question 1 (8.4-1)
A feed of 4535 kg/h of a 2.0 wt% salt solution at 311 K enters
continuously a single-effect evaporator and is being concentrated to
3.0%. The evaporation is at atmospheric pressure and the area of
the evaporator is 69.7 m2. Saturated steam at 383.2 K is supplied for
heating. Since the solution is dilute, it can be assumed to have the
same oiling point as water. The heat capacity of the feed can be
taken as cp=4.10 kJ/kg×K. Calculate the amounts of vapor and liquid
product and the overall heat-transfer coefficient U.

Solution

Question 2 (8.4-8)
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In order to concentrate 4536 kg/h of an NaOH solution containing 10
wt% to 20
wt% solution, a single - effect evaporator is being used, with an area
of 37.6 m2
The feed enters at 21.1 °C. Saturated steam at 100 °C is used for
heating and the
pressure in the vapor space of the evaporator is 51.7 kPa. Calculate
the kg/h of
steam used and the overall heat-transfer coefficient if:
a. There is a negligible boiling point elevation
b. There is a considerable boiling point elevation

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Question 3 (8.4-12)
A single effect evaporator is being used to concentrate a feed of
10000 lb/h of a cane sugar solution at 80 degree Fahrenheit and
containing sugar content of 15 degree Brix to 30 degree Brix for
use in a food process. Saturated steam at 240 Degree Fahrenheit
is available for heating. The vapor space in the evaporator will be
at 1 atm abs pressure. The overall U=350 BTU/h-ft2-degree

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Fahrenheit and the heat capacity of the feed Cp=0.91 BTU/lb-
degree Fahrenheit. The boiling point rise of the solution can be
estimated from BPR, Degree Fahrenheit = 3.2 + 11.2x2, where x is
wt fraction of sugar solution, The heat of solution can be
considered negligible and neglected. Calculate the area required
for the evaporator and the amount of steam used per hour.

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Question 4 (8.4-5)
Boiling-Point Rise of NaOH Solutions. Determine the boiling temperature 'of the
solution and the boiling-point rise for the following cases. (a) A 30% NaOH solution
boiling in an evaporator at a pressure of 172.4 kPa (25 psia). (b) A 60% NaOH
solution boiling in an evaporator at a pressure of 3.45 kPa (0.50 psia).
Ans. (a) Boiling point = 130.6°C, boiling point rise 15°C

Solution
(a) From steam tables, BP of pure water at 172.4 kPa is 115.6 ℃ .
From Duhring’s chart, at 115.6 ℃ and 30% NaOH, the BP of NaOH solution is
130.6℃
Hence, BPR = 130.6 – 115.6 = 15 ℃

(b) From steam tables, BP of pure water at 3.45 kPa is 26.4 ℃ .

From Duhring’s chart, at 26.4 ℃ and 60% NaOH, the BP of NaOH solution is 89.4
℃
Hence, BPR = 89.4 – 26.4 = 63 ℃

Question 5 (8.4-10) (Extra question)

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