4.

3 Analyses of Data on the Research Questions

Table 1: X (formerly Twitter) has a significant relationship with citizen journalism

in Nigeria

Response Frequency
Strongly Agree 74% (n = 74)
Agree 26% (n = 26)
Undecided -
Disagree -
Strongly Disagree -
Total 100% (N = 100)

Table 4.3 reveals that majority of the respondents 74% (n = 74), were strongly agree that
there is significant relationship between X (formerly Twitter) and citizen journalism in Nigeria
while 26% (n = 26) of the respondents were just agree.

In answer to research question number one, number 1 item on the questionnaire was used
for the analysis. The question stated what the relationship between X (formerly Twitter) as a
social media tool and citizen journalism in Nigeria looks like. Whereas, the item number one of
the questionnaire declared that there is significant relationship between X (formerly Twitter) and
citizen journalism in Nigeria.

Table 2: X (formerly Twitter) has a significant effect on citizen journalism in the way
Nigeria public consume news.
Response Frequency

Strongly Agree 85% (n = 85)

Agree 10% (n = 10)

Undecided 5% (n = 5)

Disagree -

Strongly Disagree -

Total 100% (N = 100)

 Table 2 shows that 74% (n = 74) of the respondents were strongly agree that X (formerly
Twitter) has significant effect on citizen journalism in the way Nigeria public consume news,
10% (n = 10) of the respondents merely agree, while 5% (n =) of the respondents could not
decide with the statement.

In answer to research question number 2, item 2 on the questionnaire was used for the
analysis. While the research question asked about the effect X (formerly Twitter) has on citizen
journalism among National Open University of Nigeria students. However, the item number 2 of
the questionnaire declared that X (formerly Twitter) has significant effect on journalism.

Table 3: X (formerly Twitter) does not only affect the ways news is gathered,
disseminated and consumed but as well encourages active responses to news.
Variable Frequency

Strongly Agree 90% (n = 90)

Agree 10% (n = 10)

Undecided -

Disagree -

Strongly Disagree -

Total 100% (N = 100)

Table 3 shows that 90% (n = 90) of the respondents strongly agree that X (formerly
Twitter) affect the ways news is gathered, disseminated and consumed and as well encourages
active responses to news, while 10% (n = 10) of the respondents were merely agree.
In answer to research question number 2 as well, item 3 on the questionnaire was used for
the analysis. While the research question asked about the effect X (formerly Twitter) has on
citizen journalism among National Open University of Nigeria students. However, the item
number 3 of the questionnaire declared that X (formerly Twitter) affect the ways news is
gathered, disseminated and consumed and as well encourages active responses to news.

Table 4: X (formerly Twitter) influences the perception of the general public

 Response Frequency
Strongly Agree 100% (n = 100)
Agree -
Undecided -
Disagree -
Strongly Disagree -
Total 100% (N = 100)

Table 4 shows that all respondents 100% (n = 100) strongly agree that X (formerly
Twitter) influences the perception of the general public.
In answer to research question number 3, item 4 on the questionnaire was used for the
analysis. While the research question asked on the perception of National Open University
Students on citizen journalism. However, the item number 4 of the questionnaire declared that X
(formerly Twitter) influences the perception of the general public.
 Table 5: X (formerly Twitter) is an online environment where registered users can
post text messages of at most 140 characters at a time.
Response Frequency
Strongly Agree 55% (n = 55)
Agree 30% (n = 30)
Undecided 8% (n = 8)
Disagree 4% (n = 8)
Strongly Disagree 3% (n = 8)
Total 100% (N = 100)

Table 5 shows that 55% (n = 55) of the respondents strongly agree that X (formerly
Twitter) is an online environment where registered users can post text messages of at most 140
characters at a time, 30% (n = 30) of the respondents agree, 8% (n = 8) of the respondents agree,
4% (n = 8) of the respondents disagree while 3% of the respondents strongly disagree with the
statement.
In answer to research question number 3 as well, item 5 on the questionnaire was used for
the analysis. While the research question asked on the perception of National Open University
Students on citizen journalism. However, the item number 5 of the questionnaire declared that X
(formerly Twitter) is an online environment where registered users can post text messages of at
most 140 characters at a time.

Table 6: X (formerly Twitter) provides a fresh way for citizen journalists to connect
with a new audience using the same basic principles of reporting.

Response Frequency

Strongly Agree 53% (n = 53)

Agree 35% (n = 35)

Undecided 12% (n = 12)

Disagree -

Strongly Disagree -
 Total 100% (N = 100)

Table 6 shows that 53% (n = 53) of the respondents strongly agree that X (formerly
Twitter) provides a fresh way for citizen journalists to connect with a new audience using the
same basic principles of reporting, 35% (n = 35) of the respondents merely agree, while 12% (n
= 12) of the respondents could not decide with the statement.
In answer to research question number 3 as well, item 6 on the questionnaire was used for
the analysis. While the research question asked on the perception of National Open University
Students on citizen journalism. However, the item number 6 of the questionnaire declared that X
(formerly Twitter) provides a fresh way for citizen journalists to connect with a new audience
using the same basic principles of reporting.

Table 7: X (formerly Twitter) allows individual journalists to brand themselves in a

way that further separates them from their institution.

Response Frequency

Strongly Agree 29% (n = 29)

Agree 56% (n = 56)

Undecided 10% (n = 10)

Disagree 5% (n = 10)

Strongly Disagree -

Total 100% (N = 100)

Table 7 shows that 29% (n = 29) of the respondents strongly agree that X (formerly
Twitter) allows individual journalists to brand themselves in a way that further separates them
from their institution, a little over half of the respondents 56% (n = 56) merely agree, 10% (n =
10) of the respondents could not decide, while 5% (n = 5) of the respondents disagree with the
statement.
In answer to research question number 3 as well, item 7 on the questionnaire was used for
the analysis. While the research question asked on the perception of National Open University
Students on citizen journalism. However, the item number 7 of the questionnaire declared that X
(formerly Twitter) allows individual journalists to brand themselves in a way that further
separates them from their institution.

Table 8: X (formerly Twitter) provides an immediate, direct conversation with the public.

Response Frequency

Strongly Agree 100% (n = 100)

Agree -

Undecided -

Disagree -

Strongly Disagree -

Total 100% (N = 100)

Table 8 shows that all the respondents 100% (n = 100) strongly agree that X (formerly
Twitter) provides an immediate, direct conversation with the public.

In answer to research question number 4, item 8 on the questionnaire was used for the
analysis. While the research question asked of the extent to how X (formerly Twitter) influence
the perception of National Open University Students on citizen journalism. However, the item
number 8 of the questionnaire declared that X (formerly Twitter) provides an immediate, direct
conversation with the public.

Table 9: The live stream of tweets can be filtered based on simple word searches,
hashtagged words (#) and ‘mentioned’ (@) accounts.
Response Frequency

Strongly Agree 60% (n = 60)

Agree 25% (n = 25)

Undecided 15% (n = 15)

Disagree -
 Strongly Disagree -

Total 100% (N = 100)

Table 9 shows that 60% (n = 60) of the respondents strongly agree that the live stream of
tweets can be filtered based on simple word searches, hashtagged words (#) and mention’ @
accounts, 25% (n = 25) of the respondents agree, while 15% (n = 15) of the respondents
undecided.

In answer to research question number 2 as well, item 9 on the questionnaire was used for
the analysis. While the research question asked about the effect X (formerly Twitter) as on the
citizen journalism among National Open University Students. However, the item number 9 of the
questionnaire declared that the live stream of tweets can be filtered based on simple word
searches, hashtagged words (#) and mention’ @ accounts.

Table 10: X (formerly Twitter) has a seductive quality that journalists must resist
when trying to be accurate.
Response Frequency

Strongly Agree 70% (n = 70)

Agree 25% (n = 25%)

Undecided 5% (n = 5)

Disagree -

Strongly Disagree -

Total 100% (N = 100)

Table 10 shows that 70% (n = 70) of the respondents strongly agree that X (formerly
Twitter) has a seductive quality that journalists must resist when trying to be accurate, 25% (n =
25) of the respondents agree, while 5% (n = 5) of the respondents could not decide.
 In answer to research question number 5, item 10 on the questionnaire was used for the
analysis. While the research question asked about how X (formerly Twitter) affect the ways news
is gathered, disseminated and consumed among undergraduate students of National Open
University of Nigeria. However, the item number 10 of the questionnaire declared that X
(formerly Twitter) has a seductive quality that journalists must resist when trying to be accurate.
 Table 11: X (formerly Twitter) is a cyclical effect that presents a conversation
between media, citizens, and government.
Response Frequency

Strongly Agree 80% (n = 80)

Agree 20% (n = 20)

Undecided -

Disagree -

Strongly Disagree -

Total 100

Table 11 shows that 80% (n = 70) of the respondents strongly agree that X (formerly
Twitter) is a cyclical effect that presents a conversation between media, citizens, and
government, while 20% (n = 20) of the respondents agree.

In answer to research question number 1 as well, item 11 on the questionnaire was used
for the analysis. While the research question asked about the relationship between X (formerly
Twitter) as a social media tool and citizen journalism in Nigeria. However, the item number 11
of the questionnaire declared that X (formerly Twitter) is a cyclical effect that presents a
conversation between media, citizens, and government.

Table 12: The experience of news consumption and the comfort of social media
environments are among the enabling factors when addressing professional media on X
(formerly Twitter).
Response Frequency

Strongly Agree 35% (n = 35)

Agree 65% (n = 65)

Undecided -

Disagree -

Strongly Disagree -

Total 100% (N = 100)

 Table 12 shows that 35% (n = 35) of the respondents strongly agree that the experience of
news consumption and the comfort of social media environments are among the enabling factors
when addressing professional media on X (formerly Twitter), while 65% (n = 65) of the
respondents agree.

In answer to research question number 5 as well, item 12 on the questionnaire was used
for the analysis. While the research question asked about how X (formerly Twitter) affect the
ways news is gathered, disseminated and consumed among undergraduate students of National
Open University of Nigeria. However, the item number 12 of the questionnaire declared that the
experience of news consumption and the comfort of social media environments are among the
enabling factors when addressing professional media on X (formerly Twitter).

Table 13: The dichotomy of speed and accuracy is one that journalists have always
struggled with, but with the new paradigm of X (formerly Twitter) transparency must be
central to breaking news.
Response Frequency

Strongly Agree 81% (n = 81)

Agree 19% (n = 19)

Undecided -

Disagree -

Strongly Disagree -

Total 100% (n = 100)

Table 13 shows that 81% (n = 81) of the respondents strongly agree that the dichotomy of
speed and accuracy is one that journalists have always struggled with, but with the new paradigm
of X (formerly Twitter) transparency must be central to breaking news, while 19% (n = 19) of the
respondents agree with the statement.
 In answer to research question number 2 as well, item 13 on the questionnaire was used
for the analysis. While the research question asked about the effect X (formerly Twitter) has on
citizen journalism among National Open University of Nigeria students. However, the item
number 13 of the questionnaire declared that the dichotomy of speed and accuracy is one that
journalists have always struggled with, but with the new paradigm of X (formerly Twitter)
transparency must be central to breaking news.

Table 14: Citizen Journalism is criticized based on its lack of regulations and codes
of ethics as well the lack of formal education and ethical responsibilities by the citizen
journalists towards the public.

Response Frequency

Strongly Agree 84% (n = 84)

Agree 10% (n = 10)

Undecided -

Disagree 6% (n = 6)

Strongly Disagree -

Total 100% (N = 100)

Table 14 shows that 84% (n = 84) of the respondents strongly agree that the dichotomy of
speed and accuracy is one that journalists have always struggled with, but with the new paradigm
of X (formerly Twitter) transparency must be central to breaking news, 10% (n = 10) of the
respondents agree, while 6% (n = 6) of the respondents disagree.

In answer to research question number 2 as well, item 14 on the questionnaire was used
for the analysis. While the research question asked about the effect X (formerly Twitter) has on
citizen journalism among National Open University of Nigeria students. However, the item
number 14 of the questionnaire declared that citizen journalism is criticized based on its lack of
regulations and codes of ethics as well the lack of formal education and ethical responsibilities
by the citizen journalists towards the public.
 Table 15: Citizen Journalism is a practice of untrained journalist that engages in X
(formerly Twitter) as well as other social media platform to disseminate news to the public.
Response Frequency

Strongly Agree 59% (n = 59)

Agree 34% (n = 34)

Undecided 7% (n = 34)

Disagree -

Strongly Disagree -

Total 100% (N = 100)

Table 15 shows that 59% (n = 59) of the respondents strongly agree that citizen
journalism is a practice of untrained journalist that engages in X (formerly Twitter) as well as
other social media platform to disseminate news to the public, 34% (n = 34) of the respondents
agree, while 7% (n = 7) of the respondents could not decide.

In answer to research question number 1 as well, item 15 on the questionnaire was used
for the analysis. While the research question asked about the relationship between X (formerly
Twitter) as a social media tool and citizen journalism in Nigeria. However, the item number 15
of the questionnaire declared that citizen journalism is a practice of untrained journalist that
engages in X (formerly Twitter) as well as other social media platform to disseminate news to the
public.
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